Abstract: Provided in the present invention is a method for synthesizing 2,7-dimethyl-2,4,6-octatriene-1,8-dialdehyde.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process of production of a compound, which is useful as an intermediate (building block) in organic synthesis, especially in the synthesis of vitamin A or ?-carotene and derivatives thereof, e.g. canthaxanthin, astaxanthin or zeaxanthin.

Abstract: The invention provides an acetal compound containing an adamantane ring having an alcoholic hydroxyl group which is protected with an acetal group having a carbonyl moiety of branched structure. A photoresist film comprising a polymer comprising recurring units derived from the acetal compound and an acid generator is characterized by a high dissolution contrast when it is subjected to exposure and organic solvent development to form an image via positive/negative reversal.

Abstract: Compositions of and methods for using synthetic retinal derivatives as retinoid replacements and opsin agonists are provided.

Abstract: A process for redissociating Michael adducts which are present in a liquid F with a proportion by weight of ?10% by weight and have been formed in the preparation of acrylic acid or esters thereof in a redissociating apparatus which comprises a pump P, a separating column K with separating internals and a circulation heat exchanger UW, wherein, for the purpose of supplying the cleavage energy, the pump P sucks in bottoms liquid from the bottom space of the separating column K and, via the circulation heat exchanger UW, continually recycles it into the bottom space above the level of the bottoms liquid, and wherein the pump P is a radial circulation pump with an open impeller.

Abstract: The present invention relates to stable emulsions and dry powders of mixtures of fat-soluble vitamins, and to processes for their preparation and to their use.

Abstract: A method for the decomposition of a Michael type adduct of an acrylic acid and/or an acrylic ester represented by the following formula [I] or [II] is disclosed, wherein decomposing the Michael type adduct in the presence of at least one copper salt and at least one metal salt selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal salt and an alkaline earth metal salt into an acrylic acid and/or an acrylic ester and/or an alcohol. CH2?CHCOO(—X—COO)n—R1??[I] R2—O(—X—COO)m—R3??[II] (wherein n and m denote an integer in the range of 1-5, R1, R2, and R3 independently denote a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, and —X— denotes —CH2CH2— or —CH(CH3)—, and —X— may be identical or different when n is 2 or more).

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing all trans-vitamin A ester (I). According to the present invention, vitamin A ester (I) can simply be synthesized in good yields and high purity by the reaction of phosphonate compound (IV) with aldehyde (II) in an organic solvent in the presence of a base.

Abstract: Lutein and zeaxanthin, the main carotenoids in marigold flowers, and capsanthin and capsorubin, the main carotenoids in red peppers are esterified mainly with C-18 fatty acids. The pigments were re-esterified without isolating them from the natural saponified extract using carboxylic acids in the range of C-1 to C-12 and their corresponding metallic salts in the presence of a catalyzing agent. Both the diester and monoester forms were obtained. It is expected that the pigment esters with a fatty acid of 12 or less carbons will have a better digestibility than the esters of xanthophylls in their natural state and better stability than the hydrolyzed xanthophylls. This will result in a better pigmentation capacity of the carotenoids for poultry or aquaculture.

Abstract: There are provided a dihalogen derivative represented by formula (2): wherein X represents a halogen atom and R2 represents a protective group for a hydroxyl group; a process for producing the same; and a process for producing vitamin A by use of said dihalogen derivative.

Abstract: The present invention relates to stable emulsions and dry powders of mixtures of fat-soluble vitamins, and to processes for their preparation and to their use.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing all trans-vitamin A ester (I). According to the present invention, vitamin A ester (I) can simply be synthesized in good yields and high purity by the reaction of phosphonate compound (IV) with aldehyde (II) in an organic solvent in the presence of a base.

Abstract: There is provided a compound of the formula[I]: wherein R represents a hydrogen atom or a protective group for a hydroxyl group; and A represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a group of the formula A1: Q represents Q3: when A represents a halogen atom or a protective group for a hydroyl group, A represents Q4:  wherein R1 and R2 represent a hydrogen atom or a protective group for a hydroxyl group; and when A represents a hydrogen atom, Q is Q2:

Abstract: The present invention relates to stable emulsions and dry powders of mixtures of fat-soluble vitamins, and to processes for their preparation and to their use.

Abstract: Skin aging and related conditions can be effectively treated with a conjugate of a retinoid and a bioactive organic acid preferably selected from among alpha-hydroxy acids, beta-hydroxy acids, and keto-acids; preferred conjugates include retinyl glycolyl ether and retinyl glycolate (as either the ester or reverse ester).

Abstract: A process for making a compound of formula ##STR1## wherein R signifies a C.sub.1-23 -alkyl group or a C.sub.2-23 -alkenyl group containing 1 to 3 double bonds, comprising the steps of (a) reacting a compound of formula ##STR2## with an acylating agent which is in a mixture comprising (i) an organic solvent and (ii) a lipase which is present in suspension, so as to form the compound of formula I; and (b) recovering the compound of formula I is provided for. The process can be used to make (11Z,13Z)-7,10-dihydro-10-hydroxy-retinyl acetate, an starting material for the production of vitamin A acetate.

Abstract: A method for the production of .omega.-haloalkyl esters which are useful as intermediates in the synthesis of cis-oxacycloheptadec-11-en-2-one (Product I) and cis-oxacycloheptadec-12-en-2-one (Product II). Also disclosed is a process for the synthesis of Products I-II and a method for using Products I-II to impart an ambery or musky smell to a fragrance composition. Finally, fragrance compositions including Products I-II are disclosed as well as end products such as perfume extracts, toilet waters, cosmetic preparations, soaps, detergents and functional products, each of which also contains at least one of Products I-II.

Abstract: The present specification relates to an industrially advantageous process for producing vitamin A derivatives which are useful as medicaments, feed additives, food additives and the like. The process provides vitamin A derivatives, particularly all-trans vitamin A derivatives in high yield and purity.

Abstract: Described are 2,6-dimethylbicyclo[3.3.1]non-6-ene-3-methanol and substituted derivatives thereof defined according to the generic structure: ##STR1## wherein each of the dashed lines represents a carbon-oxygen covalent bond or no bond; N is 0 or 1; R.sub.1 represents hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkylenyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, magnesium halo or lithium; and R.sub.2 represents methyl or hydrogen as well as uses thereof (wherein R.sub.1 is not magnesium halo or lithium) for augmenting or enhancing the aroma of consumable materials selected from the group consisting of perfume compositions, perfumed articles, colognes, deodorizing articles, deodorizing compositions and malodor maskants.

Abstract: An improved process for the preparation of polyenes by the Julia reaction comprises carrying out the allylation of the anion of an allyl aryl sulfone generated a strong base, and the elimination of arylsulfinic acid to form a double bond in the same inert polar solvent which is immiscible with water, preferably in a ketone of the formula IR.sup.1 --CO--R.sup.2 (I)where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each straight-chain or branched alkyl of 2 to 4 carbons, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together are tetramethylene or pentamethylene. The process is particularly important for the preparation of vitamin A derivatives. In the preparation of vitamin A aldehyde, for example, it is advantageous to use the same alkali metal alcoholate as strong base in both stages so that the conversion can be carried out as one-pot reaction.

Abstract: According to this process, one effects a stereospecific reduction of the two hydroxyl groups of an ether-diol by a mixture (titanium trichloride, lithium aluminum hydride) at a temperature between 5.degree. C. and about 40.degree. C. and that optionally, one converts the resulting ether into vitamin A, retinol or retinoic acid.Application to the synthesis of all-trans compounds selected from the group consisting of vitamin A and its ethers, retinol and retinoic acid, and their 13-cis isomers.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of certain cycloalkenylalkenes, e.g. vitamin A acetate, comprises dehydrating 1-(5-acetoxy-3-methyl-penta-1,3-dienyl)-2,6,6-trimethyl-cyclo hexanol or 4 aetoxy-1-(5-acetoxy-3-methyl-penta-1,3-dienyl)-2,6,6-trimethyl-cyclohexano l or 1-(9-acetoxy-3,7-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-nona-2,5,7-trienyl)-2,6,6-trimethyl- cyclohexene in the presence of an alkali metal bromide or of manganese bromide or of a hydrate of such a bromide as the catalyst and in an organic solvent.The products are especially suitable as intermediates in carotinoid syntheses.

Abstract: A process for producing vitamin A represented by the formula ##STR1## which comprises treating a compound represented by the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1 represents an aryl group which may be substituted, R.sup.21 and R.sup.22 each represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkanoyl group, R.sup.3 represents an acetal-type protective group for a hydroxyl group, and X represents a halogen atom, with a base; and novel intermediate compounds useful for the above process.

Abstract: Disclosed are improved Wittig reaction processes wherein the Wittig reaction is conducted in an anisole containing solvent.

Abstract: A process is described for preparing fluoroalkyl-substituted iodoalkanes by reacting a fluorinated alkyl iodide with a substituted or unsubstituted alkene under heat in the presence of a catalyst. The catalyst is at least one metal which, in the periodic table of the elements, has one of the atomic numbers 24 to 30, 42 to 48 or 74 to 79 and is in finely divided form. The products of the process according to the invention are addition compounds of the fluorinated alkyl iodide with the substituted or unsubstituted alkene and, in known processes, can be used as useful intermediates for preparing fluorine-containing polymers, textile finishes, fire-extinguishing agents or surfactants.

Abstract: 1,5-Dimethyl-hexa-1,5-dienylene compounds, and especially Vitamin A and derivatives thereof, are made by desuphonylating with a basic reagent a sulphone of the formula: ##STR1## in which the sulphonyl group --SO.sub.2 R replaces a hydrogen atom on carbon atom (a) or (b), R represents a phenyl or napthyl group, A is 2-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-enyl)ethenyl, and Q is --CH.sub.2 OH or an ether or ester thereof, CHO, or an acetal group.

Abstract: A novel method of preparing 1-crotonoyl-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexa-1,3-diene comprises treating an ester of the formula ##STR1## with a proton acid under essentially anhydrous conditions.

Abstract: Sulphones useful for preparing polyenes have the formula: ##STR1## where the sulphonyl group replaces a hydrogen atom on carbon atom (a) or (b), R represents alkyl, aralkyl or aryl, optionally substituted, A and Q represent an optionally substituted hydrocarbon of 5n+1 carbon atoms (n is 1-5), methyl, optionally substituted by halogen, sulphide or sulphone, CH.sub.2 OH (or an ether or ester thereof), CHO (optionally protected), COOH (or an acid chloride, ester or nitrile thereof), with the proviso that when A represents a 2-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-enyl) ethenyl radical, Q cannot represent --COOH or an ester thereof.

Abstract: There is disclosed a novel process for the preparation of vitamin A acetate whereby .gamma.-acetoxy-tiglic aldehyde is reacted with the salt formed by the reaction of vinyl-.beta.-ionol, triphenylphosphine and an acid.

Abstract: Vitamin A alcohol and its lower alkanoic esters are prepared by desulphonation of corresponding sulphones with a solid potassium alcoholate of a primary or secondary lower alcohol at 10.degree. to 50.degree. C. in an anhydrous liquid hydrocarbon.

Abstract: A novel procedure for the preparation of carotenoids, particularly vitamin A, employing .pi.-allyl transition metal complexes. Novel carotenoid intermediates are also disclosed.

Abstract: A synthesis of Vitamin E has the condensation of 2,4-pentanediene and 1,2-epoxy-2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecane including intermediates in this synthesis which uses base catalyzed condensations of aliphatic compounds to construct the Vitamin E molecule from aliphatic precursors.

Abstract: A process for the production of an alkylene glycol ether ester of an organic carboxylic acid which comprises the step of reacting an alkylene oxide with an ester of organic carboxylic acid in accordance with the following reaction equation: ##STR1## wherein R" is a substituted or non-substituted hydrocarbon having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a hydrogen atom;R'" is a substituted or non-substituted hydrocarbon having 1 to 20 carbon atoms;R.sup.3 are each the same or different substituted or non-substituted hydrocarbon having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a hydrogen atom;Q is simultaneously the same or different groups X, R, OR, SR, NR.sub.2 or PR.sub.2 (wherein X is a halogen atom selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br, and I, and R is the same or different substituted or non-substituted hydrocarbon having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a hydrogen atom, and a combination of all Q=R does not occur).

Abstract: A synthesis of novel Vitamin A intermediates from beta-ionone is described as well as a conversion of the intermediates to Vitamin A. The length of the conjugated aliphatic side chain of beta-ionone is increased while still ultimately obtaining the desired trans form of Vitamin A. In general, beta-ionone is ethynylated to ethynyl-beta-ionol, the hydroxyl of which is etherified to form an ethynyl-terminated, alkoxy-substituted, beta-ionol intermediate. The intermediate is coupled through its copper derivative with a compound like chloro-isopentenyl acetate to produce a C.sub.20 skeleton. By semi-hydrogenation, the acetylenic bond on the C.sub.20 skeleton is converted to an ethylenic bond, and by hydrolysis the terminal ester moiety is converted to a hydroxyl group. Treatment with a strong base removes the alkoxy group to produce Vitamin A.

Abstract: Theaspiran is a novel fragrance and flavor substance. Its uses and novel process for making it are disclosed.

Abstract: A synthesis of novel Vitamin A intermediates from beta-ionone is described as well as a conversion of the intermediates to Vitamin A. The length of the conjugated aliphatic side chain of beta-ionone is increased while still ultimately obtaining the desired trans form of Vitamin A. In general, beta-ionone is ethynylated to ethynyl-beta-ionol, the hydroxyl of which is etherified to form an ethynyl-terminated, alkoxy-substituted, beta-ionol intermediate. The intermediate is coupled through its copper derivative with a compound like chloro-isopentenyl acetate to produce a C.sub.20 skeleton. By semi-hydrogenation, the acetylenic bond on the C.sub.20 skeleton is converted to an ethylenic bond, and by hydrolysis the terminal ester moiety is converted to a hydroxyl group. Treatment with a strong base removes the alkoxy group to produce Vitamin A.

Abstract: A synthesis of novel Vitamin A intermediates from beta-ionone is described as well as a conversion of the intermediates to Vitamin A. The length of the conjugated aliphatic side chain of beta-ionone is increased while still ultimately obtaining the desired trans form of Vitamin A. In general, beta-ionone is ethynylated to ethynyl-beta-ionol, the hydroxyl of which is etherified to form an ethynyl-terminated, alkoxy-substituted, beta-ionol intermediate. The intermediate is coupled through its copper derivative with a compound like chloro-isopentenyl acetate to produce a C.sub.20 skeleton. By semi-hydrogenation, the acetylenic bond on the C.sub.20 skeleton is converted to an ethylenic bond, and by hydrolysis the terminal ester moiety is converted to a hydroxyl group. Treatment with a strong base removes the alkoxy group to produce Vitamin A.

Abstract: A synthesis of novel Vitamin A intermediates from beta-ionone is described as well as a conversion of the intermediates to Vitamin A. The length of the conjugated aliphatic side chain of beta-ionone is increased while still ultimately obtaining the desired trans form of Vitamin A. In general, beta-ionone is ethynylated to ethynyl-beta-ionol, the hydroxyl of which is etherified to form an ethynyl-terminated, alkoxy-substituted, beta-ionol intermediate. The intermediate is coupled through its copper derivative with a compound like chloro-isopentenyl acetate to produce a C.sub.20 skeleton. By semi-hydrogenation, the acetylenic bond on the C.sub.20 skeleton is converted to an ethylenic bond, and by hydrolysis the terminal ester moiety is converted to a hydroxyl group. Treatment with a strong base removes the alkoxy group to produce Vitamin A.

Abstract: Described are processes for preparing enol esters having the generic structure: ##STR1## (which structure is intended to cover both the "cis" and the "trans" isomers thereof) wherein R.sub.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.11 alkyl, and R.sub.4 is hydrogen or methyl, produced by one of the following processes:I. Reacting beta-ionone or a homologue thereof with a peracid;Ii. Reacting an enol acetate formed by process (i) (when R.sub.1 is methyl and R.sub.4 is hydrogen) with an alkanoic acid anhydride or an acyl halide, to form another enol ester;Iii. Reacting beta-cyclohomocitral having the formula: ##STR2## with a lower alkanoic acid anhydride or an acyl halide.