Abstract: This invention relates to olefin metathesis catalysts general formula (I): having a thiazol-2-ylidene ligand of general formula (II): The catalysts have been found to be particularly good initiators of (a) ring-closing metathesis reactions used to prepare tetra-substituted cyclic olefins, and (b) cross-metathesis reactions used to prepare tri-substituted and di-substituted olefins.

Abstract: A method for preparing a palladium-gold catalyst containing a titania extrudate is disclosed. The titania extrudate is produced by using a carboxyalkyl cellulose and a hydroxyalkyl cellulose as extrusion aids. The titania extrudate has improved processibility and/or mechanical properties. After calcination, the extrudate is used as a carrier for the palladium-gold catalyst. The catalyst is useful in producing vinyl acetate by oxidizing ethylene with oxygen in the presence of acetic acid.

Abstract: Provided is an attractant of white peach scale capable of simplifying the synthesis of a sex pheromone of white peach scale and suppressing attraction of a parasitoid wasp which is a natural enemy of the white peach scale. More specifically, provided is a sex attractant of white peach scale comprising at least (R,Z)-(+)-3,9-dimethyl-6-isopropenyl-3,9-decadienyl priopionate and a geometric isomer (R,E)-(+)-3,9-dimethyl-6-isopropenyl-3,9-decadienyl priopionate at a weight ratio ranging from 80:20 to 40:60. In addition, provided is a method for attracting white peach scale by using said attractant.

Abstract: The invention relates to vinyl propionate in which at least part of the carbon atoms are from a renewable source. The invention also relates to a method for producing vinyl propionate, and to the copolymers, compositions and uses of vinyl propionate.

Abstract: A method for preparing a palladium-gold catalyst containing a titania extrudate is disclosed. The titania extrudate is produced by using a carboxyalkyl cellulose and a hydroxyalkyl cellulose as extrusion aids. The titania extrudate has improved processibility and/or mechanical properties. After calcination, the extrudate is used as a carrier for the palladium-gold catalyst. The catalyst is useful in producing vinyl acetate by oxidizing ethylene with oxygen in the presence of acetic acid.

Abstract: A process for the production of vinyl acetate is disclosed. The process comprises reacting ethylene, acetic acid, and oxygen in the presence of a catalyst to produce a reaction mixture comprising vinyl acetate, ethylene, carbon dioxide, acetic acid, water and ethylene glycol diacetate. The reaction mixture is separated to a gas stream comprising ethylene, and carbon dioxide and a crude vinyl acetate stream comprising vinyl acetate, acetic acid, water and ethylene glycol diacetate. An ethylene glycol diacetate stream is isolated from the crude vinyl acetate stream and subjected to a reactive distillation to recover acetic acid.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula (I) wherein R2 is a branched or unbranched, saturated or ethylenically mono or di unsaturated aliphatic radical, Z is —CH2OH, —CH2OAc or —CHO, m is a whole positive integer of one or more, and Ac is an acetyl group are synthesized by a process wherein a 1-alken-3-yl alkylate, is reacted with a halo alkanol Grignard reagent.

Abstract: A process for the production of vinyl acetate is disclosed. The process comprises reacting ethylene, acetic acid, and oxygen in the presence of a catalyst to produce a reaction mixture comprising vinyl acetate, ethylene, carbon dioxide, acetic acid and ethylene glycol diacetate. The reaction mixture is separated to a gas stream comprising ethylene, oxygen, and carbon dioxide and a crude vinyl acetate stream comprising vinyl acetate, acetic acid and ethylene glycol diacetate. An ethylene glycol diacetate stream, which comprises at least 50 wt % of ethylene glycol diacetate, is isolated from the crude vinyl acetate stream and hydrolyzed to recover acetic acid. Recovered acetic acid may be recycled to the acetoxidation reaction.

Abstract: This invention provides an integrated two stage economical process for the production of vinyl acetate monomer (VAM) from acetic acid in the vapor phase. First, acetic acid is selectively hydrogenated over a hydrogenating catalyst composition to form ethylene either in a single reactor zone or in a dual rector zone wherein the intermediate hydrogenated products are either dehydrated and/or cracked to form ethylene. In a subsequent second stage so formed ethylene is reacted with molecular oxygen and acetic acid over a suitable catalyst to form VAM. In an embodiment of this invention reaction of acetic acid and hydrogen over a hydrogenation catalyst and subsequent reaction over a dehydration catalyst selectively produces ethylene, which is further mixed with acetic acid and molecular oxygen and reacted over a supported palladium/gold/potassium catalyst.

Abstract: An extrudate comprising an inorganic oxide and a comb-branched polymer is disclosed. The calcined extrudates are useful catalysts or catalyst supports. A palladium-gold catalyst prepared with a calcined titania extrudate of the invention is useful in making vinyl acetate from ethylene, acetic acid, and oxygen or oxygen-containing gas. A calcined transition metal zeolite extrudate of the invention is used as a catalyst in oxidizing organic compounds with hydrogen peroxide. Incorporation of a comb-branched polymer improves the mechanical properties of inorganic oxide extrudates.

Abstract: This invention provides an integrated three step economical process for the production of vinyl acetate monomer (VAM) from acetic acid in the vapor phase. First, acetic acid is selectively hydrogenated over a hydrogenating catalyst composition to form ethyl acetate which is cracked to form ethylene and acetic acid in the second step and in a subsequent step so formed ethylene and acetic acid is reacted with molecular oxygen over a suitable catalyst to form VAM. In an embodiment of this invention reaction of acetic acid and hydrogen over platinum and copper supported on silica selectively produces ethyl acetate in a vapor phase at a temperature of about 250° C., which is cracked over a NAFION catalyst to form ethylene and acetic acid at a temperature of about 185° C., which is mixed with molecular oxygen and reacted over a palladium/gold/potassium catalyst supported on titania to form VAM at a temperature of about 150° C. to 170° C.

Abstract: Omega-3 lipid compounds of the general formula (I): wherein R1 and R2 are the same or different and are chosen from a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, an alkyl group, a halogen atom, an alkoxy group, an acyloxy group, an acyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, an alkylthio group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, a carboxy group, an alkylsulfinyl group, an alkylsulfonyl group, an amino group, and an alkylamino group; P represents a hydrogen atom, (Formula II) wherein P2, P3, and P4 are chosen from a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, and a C14-C22 alkenyl group, wherein the alkyl and alkenyl groups are optionally substituted with a hydroxy group, (Formula III), (Formula IV), or (Formula V); and Y is a C14-C22 alkenyl group with at least one double bond, having E and/or Z configuration; or any pharmaceutically acceptable complex, solvate, salt or pro-drug thereof, with the proviso that R1 and R2 are not simultaneously a hydrogen atom.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a porous catalyst support, consisting of a material comprising a natural sheet silicate, wherein ZrO2 is contained distributed in the material. The present invention also relates to a process for the preparation of the catalyst support according to the invention and to a shell catalyst containing the catalyst support according to the invention and also the use of the catalyst according to the invention in particular for the preparation of vinyl acetate monomer (VAM).

Abstract: This invention provides an integrated three step economical process for the production of vinyl acetate monomer (VAM) from acetic acid in the vapor phase. First, acetic acid is selectively hydrogenated over a hydrogenating catalyst composition to form ethyl acetate which is cracked to form ethylene and acetic acid in the second step and in a subsequent step so formed ethylene and acetic acid is reacted with molecular oxygen over a suitable catalyst to form VAM. In an embodiment of this invention reaction of acetic acid and hydrogen over platinum and copper supported on silica selectively produces ethyl acetate in a vapor phase at a temperature of about 250° C., which is cracked over a NAFION catalyst to form ethylene and acetic acid at a temperature of about 185° C., which is mixed with molecular oxygen and reacted over a palladium/gold/potassium catalyst supported on titania to form VAM at a temperature of about 150° C. to 170° C.

Abstract: This invention provides an integrated multistep economical process for the production of vinyl acetate monomer (VAM) from acetic acid in the vapor phase. First, acetic acid is selectively hydrogenated over a hydrogenating catalyst composition to form acetaldehyde. Acetaldehyde so formed can be converted to ethylidene diacetate via reaction with acetic anhydride. In a subsequent step so formed ethylidene diacetate is thermally decomposed to form VAM and acetic acid. Alternatively, acetaldehyde formed in the first step can selectively be reacted with ketene to form VAM. In an embodiment of this invention reaction of acetic acid and hydrogen over platinum and iron supported on silica selectively produces acetaldehyde in a vapor phase at a temperature of about 300° C., which is selectively hydrogenated over platinum supported catalyst to form ethanol and dehydrated over NAFION catalyst to form ethylene at a temperature of about 185° C.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and compositions for inhibiting polymerisation of ethylenically unsaturated monomers, which involve the use of nitroxide compound of formula (I): wherein R1 is C4-20 hydrocarbyl; and R2, R3, R4 and R5 are independently each C1-6 alkyl.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for preparing siloxanes modified with organic esters, by hydrosilylating siloxanes with terminally unsaturated esters, which comprises preparing the terminally unsaturated esters used using at least one enzyme as catalyst.

Abstract: Provided is a method for preparing (E3,Z5)-3,5-alkadienyl acetate and (E3,Z5)-3,5-dodecadienyl acetate which is a sex pheromone of Brazilian apple leafminer. Specifically, provided is a method for preparing (E3,Z5)-3,5-alkadienyl acetate, comprising steps of hydrolyzing 5,5-diethoxy-(Z3)-3-pentenyl methoxymethyl ether in the presence of an acid to obtain 4-formyl-(E3)-butenyl methoxymethyl ether; reacting the 4-formyl-(E3)-butenyl methoxymethyl ether with alkylidene triphenylphosphorane in accordance with the Wittig reaction to obtain (E3,Z5)-3,5-alkadienyl methoxymethyl ether; and obtaining (E3,Z5)-3,5-alkadienyl acetate using the (E3,Z5)-3,5-alkadienyl methoxymethyl ether as a starting substance.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing 3-methyl-2-butenyl acetate which comprises reacting 3-methyl-2-buten-1-ol with acetic anhydride in the presence of an inorganic base catalyst and a method for producing purified 3-methyl-2-butenyl acetate which comprises subjecting crude 3-methyl-2-butenyl acetate to a step (A) of contacting it with an aqueous solution of an alkali metal hydrogen sulfite, or a step (B) of contacting it with an aqueous solution of a base, or both steps (A) and (B).

Abstract: Catalyst comprising palladium, gold and alkali metal acetate as catalytically active components on a support, which is modified by means of titanium, iron, lanthanum, cerium, yttrium and/or molybdenum or oxides thereof. It can be used for preparing vinyl acetate monomer.

Abstract: Acetic acid and/or vinyl acetate are produced by an integrated process which comprises the steps: (a) contacting in a first reaction zone a gaseous feedstock comprising ethylene and/or ethane and optionally steam with a molecular oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a catalyst active for the oxidation of ethylene to acetic acid and/or ethane to acetic acid and ethylene to produce a first product stream comprising acetic acid, water and ethylene (either as unreacted ethylene and/or as co-produced ethylene) and optionally also ethane, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and/or nitrogen; (b) contacting in a second reaction zone in the presence or absence of additional ethylene and/or acetic acid at least a portion of the first gaseous product stream comprising at least acetic acid and ethylene and optionally also one or more of water, ethane, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and/or nitrogen with a molecular oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a catalyst active for the production of vinyl acetate to produce

Abstract: Described is a method for improving the spreading properties of fatty alcohol containing cosmetic ingredients by providing a fatty alcohol containing starting material and adding an effective amount of acylating source [e.g., R1C)?O)OC(?O)R2, where R1 is an alkyl substituent of the acyl group having between 1 and 5 carbons; where R2 is a long chain fatty alkyl subsistent (non-limiting examples are unsaturated substituents such as CH3—(CH2)7—CH?CH—CH2—(CH2)x—, and saturated substituents such as CH3—(CH2)y—, wherein x ranges from 4 to 12, and y ranges from 14 to 22, and the like)], wherein the spreading properties of the starting material are increased over the spreading properties originally exhibited.

Abstract: A process for isolating vinyl acetate from the gas mixture formed in the reaction of ethylene with acetic acid and oxygen in the gas phase over catalysts comprising palladium or palladium compounds, with recirculation of the acetic-acid solution obtained in the circulating gas scrubber to the first distillation column (predewatering column).

Abstract: Process for producing an alkyl carboxylate, comprising contacting in an oxidation reaction zone a C2 to C4 alkane, a molecular oxygen-containing gas, the corresponding alkene and optionally water, in the presence of at least one catalyst active for the oxidation of the alkane to the corresponding alkene and carboxylic acid, to produce a first product stream comprising alkene, unreacted alkane, carboxylic acid and water; separating in a first separation means at least a portion of the product stream produced in the oxidation reaction zone into a gaseous stream comprising alkene and unreacted alkane and a liquid stream comprising carboxylic acid and water; and separating by chemical treatment at least a portion of the gaseous stream obtained from the first separation means into respective streams rich in alkene and alkane; wherein the chemical treatment comprises the steps of: (1) contacting the alkene/alkane gaseous stream with a solution of a metal salt capable of selectively chemically absorbing the alkene t

Abstract: 1.

Abstract: The compounds represented by the formula (I) are produced by reacting benzene compound of the formula (IV) or (V) with alkenylidene diacetate of the formula (VI) in the presence of a catalyst comprising one or more members selected from (a) halogenated boron compounds, (b) triflate compounds of Group 11 elements, (c) halogenated compounds of Group 12 elements, and (d) triflate and halogenated compounds of tin and atomic numbers 58 and 66 to 71 elements. R1, R2=H or C1–C10 alkyl group A=Substituted phenyl group corresponding to a compound of formula (IV) or (V), R3, R4=H or C1–C4 alkyl group, m=0 or 1–4, n=1 to 5, k=1 or 2.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a catalyst containing one or several metals from the group of metals comprising the sub-groups Ib and VIIIb of the periodic table on porous support particles, characterized by a first step in which one or several precursors from the group of compounds of metals from sub-groups Ib and VIIIb of the periodic table is or are applied to a porous support, and a second step in which the porous, preferably nanoporous support to which at least one precursor has been applied is treated with at least one reduction agent, to obtain the metal nanoparticles produced in situ in the pores of said support.

Abstract: There is provided a process wherein a lower alkyl ester of a fatty acid derived from natural fats and oils and a lower alcohol containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms is produced in a lower sulfur content at lower costs without causing a reduction in yield and a deterioration in selectivity, as well as a process for producing an alcohol without reducing the activity of a catalyst. The process comprises the step of adsorption treatment of an ester with at least one adsorbent selected from clay and activated carbon. Further are provided a process for producing an ester which further comprises adsorption treatment with a hydrogenating decomposition-type adsorbent containing Ni and/or Cu, in hydrogen or a mixed gas atmosphere of hydrogen and an inert gas, and a process for producing an alcohol which comprises hydrogenation reaction with an ester produced by any one of these processes as the starting material.

Abstract: Reaction mixtures and methods using catalysts and reaction conditions to produce significantly improved yields (and thereby higher purity) of olefin metathesis products, with greatly reduced amounts of impurities. These techniques include in one instance reduction in temperature of reaction, and in another, the use of chemical compounds that act as reaction inhibitors of unwanted reactions to minimize or prevent formation of unwanted impurities.

Abstract: A shell impregnated catalyst of Pd-Au produced on a silica support to have a Pd loading of 1.8 g/L of catalyst to about 7.2 g/L and a Au to Pd weight ratio of 0.3 to 2.0 by impregnating the support with aqueous solutions of palladium and gold salts or acids and thereafter precipitating water insoluble compounds of Pd and Au on the with alkali metal silicate or hydroxide solutions, then dried, and the surface precipitated compounds of Pd and Au are then reduced by reaction with ethylene or hydrogen at a temperature of greater than 150° C. up to 310° C. or with hydrogen up to 299° C. until substantially all of the Pd and Au contents are reduced to a free metal state, after which the support is impregnated with potassium acetate to an extent of 6 to 7 weight percent of the weight of the total catalyst.

Abstract: Polymerizable compounds are prepared and/or worked up using at least one liquid ring pump by a process in which a working liquid which contains a material stream from the preparation and/or working-up of the polymerizable compound is used in a liquid ring pump.

Abstract: A process for preparing vinyl acetate in the gas phase from ethylene, acetic acid and oxygen or oxygen-containing gases over a catalyst, consisting essentially of palladium and/or its compounds, gold and/or its compounds and alkali metal compounds on a support, wherein the catalyst further comprises vanadium and/or its compounds and catalyst therefrom.

Abstract: Methods for the catalytic production of vinyl acetate monomer from ethane, ethylene or an ethanelethylene mixture using a first catalyst containing MoVNbPd, MoVLaPdbX (where X is Al, Ga, Ge or Si) or MoVNbX (where X is P, B, Hf, Te, As or mixtures thereof) in the first step of oxidation and using a conventional VAM catalyst for the second step. The method produces high yields to acetic acid and vinyl acetate without the coproduction of carbon monoxide. Furthermore, the ethylene and acetic acid produced in the first step may be utilized in the second step for VAM production.

Abstract: Apparatus and process for heat exchange with fluid beds comprises heat-exchange tubes located longitudinally with respect to the axis of a fluidization zone with a rectangular pitch, one side of which having a length at least one and a half times the length of the other side and/or with a triangular pitch, having two sides each at least one and a half times the length of the shortest side reduces the impact of the heat-exchange tubes on the fluidization characteristics of the fluid bed. The invention is particularly suitable for oxidation reactions using molecular oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a fluid bed of fluidizable catalyst, such as (a) the acetoxylation of olefins, (b) the oxidation of ethylene to acetic acid and/or the oxidation of ethane to ethylene and/or acetic acid, (c) the ammoxidation of propylene and/or propane to acrylonitrile and (d) the oxidation of C4's to maleic anhydride.

Abstract: Acid addition salts of imidazolidinones are provided as catalysts for transforming a functional group within a first reactant by reaction with a second reactant. Exemplary first reactants are &agr;,&bgr;-unsaturated carbonyl compounds such as &agr;,&bgr;-unsaturated ketones and &agr;,&bgr;-unsaturated aldehydes. Chiral imidazolidinone salts can be used to catalyze enantioselective reactions, such that a chiral product is obtained from a chiral or achiral starting material in enantiomerically pure form.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of esters from alcohols using acetic acid as acetylating agent and clays as catalysts, which comprises the preparation of esters in a single step from the reaction of aliphatic, acyclic, cyclic, heterocyclic, &agr;,&bgr;-unsaturated and aromatic alcohols with carbon atoms in the range of C1 to C10 with acetic acid in a molar ratio of 1:3 to 11 using reusable natural montmorillonite/metal ion-exchanged clay catalysts in the solvent medium of aliphatic, aromatic, or chlorinated hydrocarbons at 30-140° C. for a period in the range of 0.02 to 3.0 hrs, and recovering the corresponding esters by simple work-up procedure.

Abstract: A shell impregnated catalyst of Pd—Au produced on a silica support to have a Pd loading of 1.8 g/L of catalyst to about 7.2 g/L and a Au to Pd weight ratio of 0.3 to 2.0 by impregnating the support with aqueous solutions of palladium and gold salts or acids and thereafter precipitating water insoluble compounds of Pd and Au on the with alkali metal silicate or hydroxide solutions, then dried, and the surface precipitated compounds of Pd and Au are then reduced by reaction with ethylene or hydrogen at a temperature of greater than 150° C. up to 310° C. or with hydrogen up to 299° C. until substantially all of the Pd and Au contents are reduced to a free metal state, after which the support is impregnated with potassium acetate to an extent of 6 to 7 weight percent of the weight of the total catalyst.

Abstract: Process for the esterification of organic acids with alcohols in a reactor of the chromatographic type in which the heterogeneous solid phase is capable of acting both as an esterification catalyst and as a means exhibiting preferential adsorption towards one of the reaction products (typically water). The process to which the present invention relates is particularly improved compared with conventional technology owing to the use, as the means for regenerating the catalyst, of a desorbent to which has been added a second compound, generally the anhydride of the acid used in the esterification reaction, which, by chemical reaction, completes the removal of the adsorbed water.

Abstract: A catalytically active material useful to prepare vinyl acetate monomer from ethylene, acetic acid, and an oxygen-containing gas under fluid bed conditions comprises a porous microspheroidal support containing catalytically active palladium crystallites finely dispersed within the support. This catalyst material does not require incorporation of gold to maintain activity and selectivity. A process to produce a vinyl acetate fluid bed catalyst in which catalytically active small palladium crystallites are finely dispersed within the support comprises dispersing selected metal species within the support which have an affinity to palladium to form very fine crystallites of palladium. The affinity metal species may be dispersed by impregnation onto a preformed microspheroidal support or may be intimately incorporated within the support before impregnation with a soluble palladium species.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel dimethicone copolyol ester compounds bearing a fatty group attached through a hydrophobic ester linkage to silicon. This invention also relates a series of such products having differing amounts of water-soluble groups, silicone soluble groups and fatty soluble groups. By careful selection of the compounds so constructed, very efficient mild conditioning agents may be achieved.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a fluid bed vinyl acetate (VAM) catalyst comprising impregnating a support comprising a mixture of substantially inert microspheroidal particles with a solution comprising a metal salt of Pd and M, wherein M comprises Ba, Cd, Au, La, Nb, Ce, Zn, Pb, Ca, Sr, Sb or mixtures thereof, reducing the metal salts to form a deposit of Pd and M on the support surface and impregnating the support with at least one alkali metal salt. At least 50% of the particles used for the microspheroidal support have a particle size below 105 microns.

Abstract: The present invention relates to metathesis syntheses for insect sex-attractant pheromones or their components, such as E-5-decenyl acetate, the major component of the Peach Twig Borer pheromone; (5R, 6S)-6-acetoxy-5-hexadecanolide, the mosquito oviposition attractant pheromone; E9, Z11-hexadecadienal, the pecan nut casebearer moth pheromone; 9-tetradecenyl formate, an analog of the Diamondback Moth (DBM) pheromone; 11-tetradecenyl acetate, the Omnivorous Leafroller (OLR) pheromone; E-4-tridecenyl acetate, the major component of the Tomato Pinworm (TPW) pheromone; E,E-8,10-dodecadienol, the Codling Moth (CM) pheromone. The syntheses preferably employ a Class I-IV metathesis catalyst, entail few reaction steps, use generally commercially available starting materials, and have relatively short process times. These syntheses produce good yields without the need for expensive or sophisticated equipment.

Abstract: There is provided a compound of the formula[I]: wherein R represents a hydrogen atom or a protective group for a hydroxyl group; and A represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a group of the formula A1: Q represents Q3: when A represents a halogen atom or a protective group for a hydroyl group, A represents Q4:  wherein R1 and R2 represent a hydrogen atom or a protective group for a hydroxyl group; and when A represents a hydrogen atom, Q is Q2:

Abstract: The specification describes various polymers having monomer of formula (I): In formula (I), R1 and R2 are, independently, hydrogen, a C1-C24 alkyl group, an aromatic or heteroaromatic group, a C3-C8 cycloalkyl or C2-C7 heterocycloalkyl group, or a —C(O)R3 group in which R3 is a C1-C24 alkyl group, an aromatic or heteroaromatic group, a C3-C8 cycloalkyl or C2-C7 heterocyclic group; or a —CH2—C(O)—R4 group in which R4 is a C1-C6 alkyl group. At least one of R1 and R2 is a —C(O)R3 group. The polymer may be a homopolymer or a copolymer containing other ethylenically unsaturated monomers. The polymer may be used in a variety of coating compositions such as inks, adhesives, paints and films. Unique monomers where both R1 and R2 are acetoacetyl groups and novel monomers where R2 is an acetoacetyl group are also described.

Abstract: A process for the production of vinyl acetate which comprises contacting ethylene, acetic acid and an oxygen-containing gas with a supported palladium catalyst prepared by a process comprising the steps of (a) impregnating a catalyst support with a palladium compound, (b) converting the palladium compound to substantially metallic palladium, and (c) sintering the supported palladium at a temperature of greater than 500° C.

Abstract: The specification describes various polymers having monomer of formula (I): 1

Abstract: A flavor composition comprising 8-ocimenyl esters of the formula wherein one of the two radicals R1 and R2 is methyl and the other is vinyl and one of the two radicals R3 and R4 is methyl and the other is wherein R5 is hydrogen, alkyl or alkenyl. Such flavor composition can also be mint and/or fruit flavor compositions, wherein the 8-ocimenyl esters have a flavor-enhancing action.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of esters from alcohols using acetic acid as acetylating agent and clays as catalysts, which comprises the preparation of esters in a single step from the reaction of aliphatic, acyclic, cyclic, heterocyclic, &agr;,&bgr;-unsaturated and aromatic alcohols with carbon atoms in the range of C1 to C10 with acetic acid in a molar ratio of 1:3 to 11 using reusable natural montmorillonite/metal ion-exchanged clay catalysts in the solvent medium of aliphatic, aromatic, or chlorinated hydrocarbons at 30-140° C. for a period in the range of 0.02 to 3.0 hrs, and recovering the corresponding esters by simple work-up procedure.

Abstract: The fixed-bed catalyst comprises palladium and selenium or tellurium or a mixture of selenium and tellurium on a silicon dioxide support and has a BET surface area of from 80 to 380 m2/g and a pore volume of from 0.6 to 0.95 cm3/g in the pore diameter range from 3 nm to 300 &mgr;m, with from 80 to 95% of the pore volume being in the pore diameter range from 10 to 100 nm. It is prepared by impregnating a silicon dioxide support with a solution of a palladium compound and a selenium compound or tellurium compound or a mixture of a selenium compound and a tellurium compound, drying it and reducing it in the presence of hydrogen. The catalyst is used, in particular, for isomerizing 3-buten-1-ol compounds.

Abstract: Process for making a butyl ester from butadiene, comprising (a) reacting butadiene with a saturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acid to form a mixture of n-butenyl and secondary butenyl esters, (b) separating the n-butenyl ester from the secondary butenyl ester, and (c) hydrogenating the n-butenyl ester separated in step (b) in the presence of a catalyst to the corresponding n-butyl ester.