Abstract: The production of novel polyester resins is disclosed as is the preparation of high solids coatings and paints containing the same. The polyester resins are produced by reacting a mixture comprising:(a) A saturated fatty acid having from 8 to 18 carbon atoms in an amount between about 3 and about 8 percent;(b) A polyol in an amount between 40 and 50 percent, said polyol consisting of between about 55 and 75 percent of a triol with the remainder being a diol;(c) A polycarboxylic acid in an amount of about 45 to about 55 percent, said polycarboxylic acid consisting of between 65 and 75 percent of an aromatic polycarboxylic acid with the remainder being aliphatic acid having from 4 to 10 carbon atoms.The coatings and paints are preferably prepared by reacting the polyester resin with an aminoplast resin to cause cross-linking.

Abstract: Photocurable polyacrylate or methacrylate compounds which exhibit extremely low, neat viscosities while at the same time maintaining the high cure response of other related photocurable materials may be represented by the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen or methyl, R' is C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl or C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 alkyl ether alkyl and A is the residue of a diol or dicarboxylic acid, preferably a diphenol such as Bisphenol A. The process for preparing these materials involves reacting a C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 aliphatic alcohol or C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 aliphatic ether alcohol with a diglycidyl ether or ester and esterifying the remaining hydroxyl groups with acrylic or methacrylic acid.

Abstract: This invention relates to new emulsifiable polyester waxes which are linear polyester waxes which are end capped with polyfunctional organic anhydrides. The emulsifiable polyester waxes are generally amorphous or semicrystalline solids with melting points less than about 100.degree. C. These polyester waxes are useful in preparing clear emulsions which can be applied to surfaces to form protective and decorative films or coatings.

Abstract: This invention relates to normally solid linear polyester waxes which contain from about 5 to about 50 mol percent of a mixture of aliphatic dibasic acids which are chemically combined in the polyester molecule. The polyester waxes may be substantially amorphous solids or low-melting solids with melting points up to about 200.degree. C. and a heat of fusion of less than 7 cal/g. These polyester waxes are useful in preparing coating compositions for extrusion coating of paper, paperboard, or metal foils such as aluminum foil or in the lamination of these substrates.

Abstract: Aqueous dispersions of oil-modified, carboxyl-containing, urethane polymers are prepared by reacting diisocyanates or their isocyanate-terminated prepolymers, with half-esters of hindered diols, especially 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol, and anhydrides of polycarboxylic acids, preferably aromatic acids having at least three carboxylic groups, especially trimellitic anhydride. The urethane polymers are "oil-modified", i.e., extended with unsaturated fatty acid esterpolyols; and when neutralized with ammonia or amines can be dispersed in water to form especially desirable coating compositions. An organic phosphite may be incorporated in the compositions to control the development of hardness in films made from the aqueous dispersions and thereby avoid the formation of wrinkles in films that are made from the compositions.

Abstract: Partial (2,2,4-trimethylpentane-1,3-diol monoisobutyrate) esters of polycarboxylic acids and water-soluble salts of these esters are useful in the manufacture of vinyl halide resins that have excellent optical properties.

Abstract: A compound represented by the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 represent H or CH.sub.3 ; A and A' represent ##STR2## B represents ##STR3## X represents H, NH.sub.4 or an alkali metal; and m and n represent numerals determined by the following formulae, 0.ltoreq.m.ltoreq.25, 5.ltoreq.n.ltoreq.50 and 5.ltoreq.(m+n).ltoreq.50, can impart to fibers or fibrous structures durable excellent antistatic property, water absorption property, softness and pollution-resistant property in a simple heat treatment.

Abstract: Zwitterionic surfactant compounds are made readily biodegradable in the environment by the inclusion of a biochemically and/or hydrolytically labile chemical linkage located between the cationic and anionic charge centers of the compounds and anywhere from the second to the tenth atom distant from the cationic charge center. The biodegradable linkage is preferably an ester or amide. The alkoxylated zwitterionic surfactants herein exhibit outstanding particulate soil removal performance and are also effective in removing oily soils from fabrics, in addition to being readily biodegradable. Also described are detergent compositions containing the zwitterionic surfactants, and, optionally containing cosurfactants and detergent builders.

Abstract: Curable compositions are provided by the interaction of bis(2-hydroxyethyl) tetrachloroterephthalate with acrylic acid derivatives to form flame retardant unsaturated esters of tetrachloroterephthalic acid.

Abstract: Compounds containing a lipophilic radical, a polyethyleneoxy group and an ethylenically unsaturated radical are disclosed. The compounds are useful as nonionic monomeric emulsion stabilizers.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for neutralizing an inorganic acid in the presence of a halogenated aliphatic polybasic acid or anhydride. The neutralization is carried out by adding to said acid or anhydride a primary or secondary amine containing at least two active hydrogen atoms per molecule as determined by the Zerewittenoff Method, and neutralizing the inorganic acid in the presence of the polybasic acid or anhydride. In one embodiment, the halogenated aliphatic or alicyclic polybasic acid or anhydride is present in a mixture wth a halogenated aromatic polybasic acid or anhydride and with a polyol and the neutralization is carried out before substantial polymerization occurs between the acids and polyol.

Abstract: Compounds containing peroxy linkages connecting similar polyol ester constituents are described. These peroxy di-ester polyols are prepared by the direct esterification of peroxy diacids with polyols, in the presence of a strong mineral acid catalyst. The peroxy di-ester polyol products function as free radical initiators and grafting bases in the graft copolymerization of unsaturated monomers with polyols. These graft copolymers are useful in the formulation of polyurethanes.

Abstract: There is provided a polyol intermediate that is the reaction product of neopentyl glycol with dimethyl glutarate in a 2:1 molar ratio. This reaction product is polyesterified with a phthalic acid reactant and neopentyl glycol to form a polyester resin. The resultant resin is admixed with an aminoplast and reduced to about 60-75 weight percent solids content with an aromatic hydrocarbon or a mixture of aromatic hydrocarbons to produce a thermosetting coating composition for metal substrates. Films made from this coating composition are hard and tough. They have excellent fabrication characteristics, high reverse impact resistance and excellent flexibility properties and solvent resistance.

Abstract: Flexible glycolic acid terpolymers useful in the preparation of hot-melt adhesives are prepared by heating glycolic acid, its esters, its homopolymers or mixtures thereof with a dihydroxyalkane and a dibasic acid.

Abstract: Caprolactone modified polyesters, derived from an aliphatic diol, an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid or mixtures thereof, optionally with a proportion not exceeding 10 mole % of an aromatic dicarboxylic acid and terminated with an alcohol or monocarboxylic acid are good plasticizers for thermoplastic polymers especially polyvinyl chloride.

Abstract: A random polyester containing residues of aliphatic diols, aromatic dicarboxylic acids and hydroxyacids and being endstopped by monocarboxylic acids are useful plasticizers especially for polyvinyl chloride polymers.

Abstract: Caprolactone modified polyesters derived from an aliphatic dihydroxy compound and a mixture of aliphatic dicarboxylic acids and a proportion above 10 mol % of the total acids used, of an aromatic dicarboxylic acid and terminated with an alcohol or monocarboxylic acid such that the molecular weight ranges from 500 to 1400 are good plasticizers for polymers, especially polyvinyl chloride.

Abstract: Polyesters having an average molecular weight from 500 to 1400, containing dicarboxylic acid-, aliphatic diol- and hydroxy acid or lactone residues and which are endstopped by monohydric alcohols are useful plasticizers for example for PVC.

Abstract: Polyester plasticizers having improved low temperature properties are obtained by terminating the polyester with mixed chain-terminating agents. Mixtures of monobasic acids and monofunctional alcohols are employed for this purpose. The polyesters of this invention find particular utility as plasticizers for PVC homopolymers and copolymers.

Abstract: A continuous process is disclosed for direct esterification of terephthalic acid with ethylene glycol, followed by low-pressure polymerization in a continuous polymerizer and in a finisher polymerizer to produce polyester suitable for melt-spinning into yarn for textile uses. Vapors from the polymerizers are condensed in spray condensers to recover glycol liquid, which is recycled to the direct esterification reaction. Efficient operation of the spray condensers at absolute pressures of less than 60 millimeters of mercury is achieved by addition of substantially dry ethylene glycol to lower the water content of condensate used in the sprays.

Abstract: A photosensitive composition for a photoresist, which comprises (A) a compound having the following general formula: ##STR1## wherein Z is a cyclic dibasic acid anhydride moiety, R.sup.1 is an alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 is hydrogen or methyl, and R.sup.3 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl or -CH.sub.2 X in which X is chlorine or bromine, (B) a photopolymerization sensitizer, (C) a polymer being capable of giving a film-forming property, (D) a chain transfer agent and (E) a thermal polymerization inhibitor; and a laminated photosensitive element which has a substantially dry photosensitive layer of the photosensitive composition. The composition and element are capable of giving a minute resist pattern which is excellent as an etching resist or metal plating resist and can be readily removed after etching or metal plating.

Abstract: Hydrophilic additives are provided which may be introduced into fibrous articles to provide improved water absorbency and charge dissipation properties which resist abrasion and laundering. The fibrous articles are treated by contacting the articles with at least one hydrophilic additive, polyfunctional reactant and nitrogen catalyst under conditions sufficient to incorporate hydrophilic additive, polyfunctional reactant and nitrogen catalyst in the articles, followed by heating the fibrous articles to obtain the desired fiber characteristics.

Abstract: In the preparation of olefin derivatives having an ester group at the allylic position (hereinafter referred to as "allylic ester(s)") which comprises reacting an olefin having at least one hydrogen atom at the allylic position and which will produce an allylic ester having an asymmetric carbon atom with an organic peroxide in the presence of a copper catalyst, a method for producing optically active allylic esters characterized by using, as the copper catalyst, an optically active copper complex derived from an optically active compound selected from the group consisting of Schiff's bases of the formula: ##STR1## and amino acids of the formula: ##STR2## wherein R.sub.0 is an optically active alkyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl or aryl group which may contain an unsaturated bond and/or a substituent having a hetero atom, X and Y are each a hydrogen atom, an alkyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl or aryl group, or a substituent having a hetero atom, R.sub.1 and R.sub.

Abstract: Esters are prepared by reaction of acyl halides and alcohols or hydroxyalkyl esters and acid halides in the presence of a tertiary amine and polar aprotonic solvents. Bis(2-methacrylatoethyl) phthalate is prepared by the reaction of phthaloyl chloride with 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate in pyridine and acetone. Bis-phenol-A-bis(2-methacrylatoethyl)ether is prepared from 2,2-bis[4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]-propane and methacryl chloride in acetone.

Abstract: Water soluble sulfonated polyesters made by polycondensation of an aromatic diacid or its anhydride or diester and an unsaturated aliphatic diacid or its anhydride or diester with a saturated glycol and sulfonating.