Abstract: An ammonium hydroxyfluoroalkanesulfinate is obtained by using an organic base while sulfinating a bromofluoroalcohol with a sulfinating agent. An ammonium hydroxyfluoroalkanesulfonate is obtained by oxidizing the ammonium hydroxyfluoroalkanesulfinate. An onium fluoroalkanesulfonate is obtained by converting the ammonium hydroxyfluoroalkanesulfonate into an onium salt through esterification. This onium fluoroalkanesulfonate is useful as a photoacid generator in chemically amplified resists and the like.

Abstract: Novel fluorescent dyes are disclosed for use in analyte detection. In particular, mono- and bis-substituted HPTS dyes and methods of making them are provided.

Abstract: An ammonium hydroxyfluoroalkanesulfinate is obtained by using an organic base while sulfinating a bromofluoroalcohol with a sulfinating agent. An ammonium hydroxyfluoroalkanesulfonate is obtained by oxidizing the ammonium hydroxyfluoroalkanesulfinate. An onium fluoroalkanesulfonate is obtained by converting the ammonium hydroxyfluoroalkanesulfonate into an onium salt through esterification. This onium fluoroalkanesulfonate is useful as a photoacid generator in chemically amplified resists and the like.

Abstract: The invention concerns novel cationic 2-sulphonylaminophenols of formula (I) comprising at least a cationic group Z of formula (II), their use as coupler for oxidation dyeing of keratin fibers and in particular human keratin fibers such as hair, dyeing compositions containing them combined with at least an oxidation base, and oxidation dyeing methods using them.

Abstract: A process that can be used for sulfonating, sulfating, or sulfamating an organic compound is disclosed. The process can comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of, contacting the organic compound with sulfur trioxide under a condition sufficient to effect the sulfonation, sulfation, or sulfamation of the organic compound. The organic compound can be an aromatic compound, alcohol, carbohydrate, amine, amide, protein, or combinations of two or more thereof. The sulfur trioxide can be present in a complex comprising an inorganic support such as zeolite, silicalite, silica, titanosilicate, borosilicate, clay, aluminophosphate, and combinations of two or more thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for reacting &agr;-aminoaldehyde derivatives having a sterically bulky amino group which are commercially available with a metal cyanide in the presence of an acid chloride, an acid anhydride or the like to synthesize 3-amino-2-hydroxybutyronitrile derivatives in high yields and high erythro selectivity. When optically active &agr;-aminoaldehyde derivatives are used, racemization hardly occurs during the reaction, and the desired products are obtained in high optical purity.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for making compounds having the structural formulae (I) or (II): ##STR1## wherein: X is a) phenyl; lower phenylalkoxy; phenoxy; or benzyl; or b) one substituent from group a) and one or more substituents selected from C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy; hydroxyl; halogen; lower alkyl; and lower alkylthio; or c) along with the phenyl to which it is attached, forms a multiple fused ring heterocycle such as dibenzofuranyl; Y is H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkanoyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkanoyl dialkoxyphosphoryl, alkylaminocarbonyl, haloalkylsulfonyl, or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy carbonyl; and R is H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkoxy, C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 cycloalkoxy, haloalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, arylalkoxy, alkenyl, alkylthio, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylamino, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, haloalkoxy, aryloxy, or C.sub.3 -C.sub.

Abstract: 2-aryl-ethane-sulphonic acids of the formulaAr.sup.1 --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --SO.sub.3 H (I),in whichAr.sup.1 denotes a carbocyclic or heterocyclic aromatic radical which can be bound to an anellated benzene nucleus,can be obtained by reaction of the underlying vinyl aromatic compound with sulphurous acid, if the reaction is carried out in the presence of an amine of the formulaN(R.sup.1,R.sup.2,R.sup.3 (III),in whichR.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 have the meaning mentioned in the description.

Abstract: A process for for producing a (2R,3S)-cyclohexylnorstatine or a salt thereof is disclosed, which comprises the steps of: enantioselectively hydrogenating a 4-cyclohexyl-2-halogeno-3-oxobutyric acid ester in the presence of a ruthenium-phosphine complex to produce a 4-cyclohexyl-2-halogeno-(3R)-hydroxybutyric acid ester (2); epoxidizing the compound (2) in the presence of a base to produce a 4-cyclohexyl-(2S,3R)-epoxybutyric acid ester (3); reacting the compound (3) with a lower trialkylsilyl azide in the presence of a Lewis acid to produce a (3S)-azide-4-cyclohexyl-(2S)-substituted butyric acid ester (4); subjecting the compound (4) to hydrogenolysis to produce a (2S,3S)-cyclohexylnorstatine derivative (5); and inverting the configuration at the 2-position of the compound (5).

Abstract: A method for preparing a sulfonated compound with minimal or no waste products using a porous inorganic material absorber. The absorber is saturated with a compound to be sulfonated and then contacted with a sulfonating gas mixture to form a sulfonated product. After forming the sulfonated product, excess sulfonating gas is removed by contacting the sulfonated product with warm air. The sulfonated product is then neutralized and the product is removed with water from the inorganic material absorber. The absorber is then dried with hot air so that it may be reused for future sulfonation processes. The process results in preparation of a sulfonated compound having inorganic salts present in an amount less than about 1.0 percent by weight based on total sulfonated product weight. The process results in highly effective sulfonation of a compound with formation of little or no waste materials, particularly waste materials such as solvents and undesirable inorganic salts.