Abstract: Disclosed is an optimized process and apparatus for more efficiently and economically carrying out the liquid-phase oxidation of an oxidizable compound. Such liquid-phase oxidation is carried out in a bubble column reactor that provides for a highly efficient reaction at relatively low temperatures. When the oxidized compound is para-xylene and the product from the oxidation reaction is crude terephthalic acid (CTA), such CTA product can be purified and separated by more economical techniques than could be employed if the CTA were formed by a conventional high-temperature oxidation process.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a process for the preparation of 3-chloro-2-fluoro-5-trifluoromethyl benzoic acid of the formula or of a salt thereof 3-Chloro-2-fluoro-5-trifluoromethyl benzoic acid or salts thereof are versatile intermediates for the preparation of active pharmaceutical or agrochemical agents.

Abstract: Disclosed is an optimized process and apparatus for more efficiently and economically carrying out the liquid-phase oxidation of an oxidizable compound. Such liquid-phase oxidation is carried out in a bubble column reactor that provides for a highly efficient reaction at relatively low temperatures. When the oxidized compound is para-xylene and the product from the oxidation reaction is crude terephthalic acid (CTA), such CTA product can be purified and separated by more economical techniques than could be employed if the CTA were formed by a conventional high-temperature oxidation process.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a process for the preparation of 3-chloro-2-fluoro-5-trifluoromethyl benzoic acid of the formula or of a salt thereof. 3-Chloro-2-fluoro-5-trifluoromethyl benzoic acid or salts thereof are versatile intermediates for the preparation of active pharmaceutical or agrochemical agents.

Abstract: A simplified process for oxidizing starch and other polysaccharides in an aqueous solution or suspension using hypochlorite in the presence of a catalytic amount of a nitroxyl compound is described. The oxidation is process is bromide-free and is carried out at a pH between 7 and 8.3 and at a temperature between 15 and 25° C.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a process for the regeneration and recovery of periodate from a spent iodate solution, by reacting the iodate with at least an equimolar amount of hypohalite, and carrying out the recovery in the presence of a water-miscible organic solvent or potassium ions or divalent metal (especially calcium) ions. The regenerated periodate is especially suitable for oxidising carbohydrates to dialdehyde carbohydrates.

Abstract: Primary alcohols, especially in carbohydrates, can be selectively oxidized to aldehydes and carboxylic acids in a low-halogen process by using a peracid in the presence of a catalytic amount of a di-tertiary-alkyl nitroxyl (TEMPO) and a catalytic amount of halide. The halide is preferably bromide and the process can be carried out at nearly neutral to moderately alkaline pH (5-11). The peracid can be produced or regenerated by means of hydrogen peroxide or oxygen. The process is advantageous for producing uronic acids and for introducing aldehyde groups which are suitable for crosslinking and derivatization.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for inhibiting scale are provided. Pursuant to the present invention, a composition for inhibiting scale is provided that includes a carbohydrate polymer having both nitrogen-containing groups and carboxyl groups. The nitrogen-containing groups include amino groups, amido groups and mixtures thereof. The present invention has been found useful for inhibiting scale in industrial waters, such as, pulp bleach plant process waters which contain calcium oxalate and barium sulfate scale.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a production method of compound [V] useful as an intermediate for medicaments and agrochemicals. The method includes reacting compound [III] with hexamethylenetetramine under heating to give compound [IV], and oxidizing the obtained compound [IV] with a halous acid salt or a ruthenium compound. According to the present invention, moreover, an organometallic compound having a tolyl group and compound [I] are cross-coupled in the presence of a catalyst to give compound [II] useful as an intermediate for medicaments and agrochemicals. The compound [II] is halogenated to give compound [III].

Abstract: The present invention relates to an oxidation which converts a primary or secondary alcohol of Formula II: ##STR1## to an acid or ketone of Formula I: ##STR2## with periodic acid and a catalytic amount of a chromium reagent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a TEMPO-catalyzed oxidation of primary alcohols, RCH.sub.2 OH to corresponding carboxylic acids, RCOOH in the presence of catalytic in the presence of catalytic amount of NaClO and stoichiometric amount of NaClO.sub.2 as an oxidant.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing 4,5-dichloro-2-methylbenzoic acid and also its salts in high yields and in high purities by reacting 3,4-dichlorotoluene with acetyl chloride or chloroacetyl chloride in the presence of a Friedel-Crafts catalyst and subsequently oxidizing the acetylated intermediate to give the carboxylic acid.

Abstract: A process for preparing an alkoxyalkanoic acid by reacting the corresponding alkoxyalkanol with a resin-supported stable free radical nitroxide in the presence of a chlorine-containing oxidant and a solvent at a temperature in the range of from about 0.degree. C. to about 35.degree. C. and thereafter separating out the alkoxyalkanoic acid.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of halogenated benzoic acids of formula (1): ##STR1## in which R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine or bromine atoms or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkoxy, nitro, cyano, trifluoromethyl, aidehyde, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxycarbonyl, -SO.sub.2 -C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, -SO.sub.2 -phenyl, -CONH.sub.2, -CON(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl).sub.2, hydroxy, carboxy, -NH.sub.2 or -N(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 - alkyl).sub.2 groups, at least one of the substituents R.sub.1 -R.sub.5 being one of said halogen atoms, which comprises reacting 1 mol of a benzophenone, asymmetrically substituted on the benzene rings A and B, of general formula (2): ##STR2## in which R.sup.1 -R.sup.10 are as defined above for R.sub.1 -R.sub.

Abstract: The present process is directed to preparing optically active 2-aryl alkyl aldehydes by various processes through the use of an optically active amine, (-)-2'-amino-3-phenyl propane. The aldehyde formed can then be oxidized to produce the corresponding acid.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoic acid of the formula I ##STR1## in which .alpha.-chloro-2,4,6-trimethylacetophenone is reacted with an alkali hydroxide solution and chlorine in the presence of a phase-transfer catalyst at a temperature ranging from 0.degree. to 150.degree. C. and a pressure ranging from 0.01 to 50 bar, and a process for the preparation of 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoic acid I, in which .alpha.-chloro-2.4.6-trimethylacetophenone of the formula II ##STR2## is reacted with 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene and chloroacetyl chloride in the presence of a catalyst at a temperature ranging from 0.degree. to 150.degree. C. and a pressure ranging from 0.01 to 50 bar, the catalyst used being an iron oxide.

Abstract: The invention relates to an ecologically favorable process for the hydrolytic decomposition of halogen-containing compounds of the formula CX.sub.4 or CHX.sub.3 or mixtures of these compounds, in which X as halogen is chlorine or bromine or a combination thereof, in an aqueous-alkaline medium, which comprises first keeping the aqueous-alkaline reaction mixture comprising the abovementioned halogen-containing compounds at a temperature of between 0.degree. and 1000.degree. C. under the autogenous pressure which is formed in a closed reaction vessel for a period of up to 10 hours and then subjecting the mixture to a heat treatment at a temperature of between 70.degree. and 150.degree. C. under the autogenous pressure which is formed therein, in the presence of sulfite. The process according to the invention is particularly suitable for hydrolytic decomposition of halogen-containing reaction products from aqueous-alkaline hypohalite oxidations.

Abstract: A method for producing .alpha.-(p-isobutylphenyl)-propionic acid with a high selectivity and high purity. The method is characterized in that .alpha.-(p-isobutylphenyl)propionaldehyde is oxidized at temperatures not higher than -12.degree. C. in the presence of an acid using a hypohalogenite. The acid is an inorganic acid such as sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and hydrochloric acid and the hypohalogenite may be sodium salts, potassium salts or calcium salts of hypochlorous acid or hypobromous acid.

Abstract: Aromatic dicarboxylic acids of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2, m, n, and X have the meaning mentioned in the description,can be prepared from the bisphenols, on which they are based, of the formula ##STR2## if the bisphenols are first reacted to give the bissulphonates, the sulphonate groups are removed catalytically with H.sub.2 and the hydrocarbons obtained in this way are doubly acylated in a known manner and the acyl groups are oxidized to the carboxyl groups.Many of the aromatic dicarboxylic acids which can be prepared in this way are new.

Abstract: A method for preparing .alpha.-(4-isobutylphenyl)propionic acid or its precursor is here disclosed which comprises a step A of forming p-isobutylstyrene from p-isobutylethylbenzene and a step B of forming .alpha.-(4-isobutylphenyl)propionaldehyde from p-isobutylstyrene or a step C of forming .alpha.-(4-isobutylphenyl)propionic acid or its alkyl ester from p-isobutylstyrene.Furthermore, a method for preparing said p-isobutylethylbenzene is also disclosed which comprises alkylating isobutylbenzene or 4-ethyltoluene with ethylene or propylene.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutyric acid from 4-chlorobenzaldehyde by conversion of the benzaldehyde to 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-methylpropenal, 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-methylpropanol, 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-methylpropene-1, and 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-methylbutyraldehyde, and finally to the desired corresponding butyric acid.

Abstract: A process for oxidizing an organic compound selected from an aliphatic, aromatic, aliphatic/aromatic, cycloaliphatic and heterocyclic alcohol, thiol, sulfide, aldehyde, amine, amide, ketone, acid, ether, ester, and organic compounds containing an activated carbon-carbon double bond, which process comprises contacting said organic compound dissolved in an organic solvent with a hypochlorous acid solution.

Abstract: Compounds of formula ##STR1## wherein Ar represents an optionally substituted aryl group;R represents a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl;R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, equal to or different from each other, represent hydroxy, O.sup.- M.sup.+, OR.sub.3 or ##STR2## group, R.sub.3 represents a C.sub.1 -C.sub.24 alkyl, a C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 cycloalkyl, a phenyl or a benzyl;M.sup.+ represents the cation of an alkaline metal;R.sub.4 and R.sub.5, equal to or different from each other, represent a hydrogen atom, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, a C.sub.5 -C.sub.6 cycloalkyl, a (CH.sub.2).sub.n --CH.sub.2 OH group with n=1, 2 or 3, or R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 together are a group (CH.sub.2).sub.m with m=4 or 5, a group --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --R.sub.6 --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 -- in which R.sub.6 is an oxygen atom, an N--H or N--(C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: An effective method for producing highly pure (aryl substituted)carboxylic acid or its salt which comprises the steps of:(I) oxidizing (aryl substituted)aldehyde in an acidic phase in the presence of hypohalogenite; and(II) bringing the oxidized product obtained in the preceding step into contact in a liquid phase with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst of transistion metal of the group VIII in the periodic table.

Abstract: Pharmaceutically useful optically active .alpha.-arylalkanoic acids or esters, ortho esters, or amides thereof are stereoselectively prepared by contacting an aryl magnesium Grignard reagent with an optically active .alpha.-substituted acyl halide to form the optically active aryl .alpha.-substituted alkyl ketone, which is ketalized and rearranged to the desired optically active .alpha.-arylalkanoic acid or the corresponding ester, ortho ester or amide. In an alternate embodiment, the aryl .alpha.-substituted alkyl ketone is reduced to the corresponding alkanol, which is rearranged to the .alpha.-arylalkanal. The alkanal so produced is converted to the desired optically active .alpha.-arylalkanoic acid by conventional methods.

Abstract: A method for producing .alpha.-(p-isobutylphenyl)propionic acid or its alkyl esters which is characterized in that starting materials are inexpensive, processes are easy to be done and products are highly pure. The method comprises the steps of (I): catalytically cracking 1,1-bis(p-isobutylphenyl)ethane at temperatures in the range of 200.degree. to 650.degree. C. in the presence of a protonic acid catalyst and/or a solid acid catalyst to produce isobutylbenzene and p-isobutylstyrene; and (II): reacting said p-isobutylstyrene with carbon monoxide and water or alcohol at temperatures in the range of 40.degree. to 150.degree. C. in the presence of a metal complex carbonylation catalyst to produce .alpha.-(p-isobutylphenyl)propionic acid or its alkyl ester; or (III): reacting said p-isobutylstyrene with carbon monoxide and hydrogen at temperatures in the range of 40.degree. to 150.degree. C. in the presence of a metal complex carbonylation catalyst to produce .alpha.

Abstract: An improved process for the preparation of certain antiarrhythmic agents in which a carbon atom of a piperidine or pyrrolidine ring is bonded directly or through a methylene group to the nitrogen of a substituted benzamido group from bromo- or hydroxy-substituted benzenes.

Abstract: Processes for the preparation of the antiarrhythmic agent 2,5-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-N-(2-piperidylmethyl)benzamide.

Abstract: Pharmaceutically useful optically active .alpha.-arylalkanoic acids or esters, ortho esters, or amides thereof are stereoselectively prepared by contacting an aryl magnesium Grignard reagent with an optically active .alpha.-substituted acyl halide to form the optically active aryl .alpha.-substituted alkyl ketone, which is ketalized and rearranged to the desired optically active .alpha.-arylalkanoic acid or the corresponding ester, ortho ester or amide. In an alternate embodiment, the aryl .alpha.-substituted alkyl ketone is reduced to the corresponding alkanol, which is rearranged to the .alpha.-arylalkanal. The alkanal so produced is converted to the desired optically active .alpha.-arylalkanoic acid by conventional methods.

Abstract: A method is described for autoxidizing particular ortho-dialkyl substituted aromatic compounds using a particular type of solvent which gives rise to the formation of 3-alkanoyloxyphthalide compounds, some of which are novel.The phthalides in turn are ionically oxidized to their corresponding aromatic polycarboxylic acids.Combination of the two methods provides a means for converting ortho dialkyl substituted aromatic compounds directly to the corresponding polycarboxylic acids in higher yields and at generally lower overall temperatures and reaction conditions compared to prior art methods.Polycarboxylic acids so obtained are known to be useful in the preparation of alkyds, polyesters, and the like, and, particularly, in the formation of the corresponding acid anhydrides which are used in the preparation of organic high temperature polymers such as polyamides, polyamideimides, and polyimides.

Abstract: A method is described for autoxidizing particular ortho-dialkyl substituted aromatic compounds using a particular type of solvent which gives rise to the formation of 3-alkanoyloxyphthalide compounds, some of which are novel.The phthalides in turn are ionically oxidized to their corresponding aromatic polycarboxylic acids.Combination of the two methods provides a means for converting ortho dialkyl substituted aromatic compounds directly to the corresponding polycarboxylic acids in higher yields and at generally lower overall temperatures and reaction conditions compared to prior art methods.Polycarboxylic acids so obtained are known to be useful in the preparation of alkyds, polyesters, and the like, and, particularly, in the formation of the corresponding acid anhydrides which are used in the preparation of organic high temperature polymers such as polyamides, polyamideimides, and polyimides.

Abstract: Substantially pure p-phenoxybenzoyl compounds are prepared by reacting diphenyl ether and an appropriate acyl compound in the presence of hydrogen fluoride. The resulting p-phenoxyaryl alkyl ketone can be converted into p-phenoxybenzoic acid or salts thereof, p-phenoxybenzoyl halide or lower alkyl p-phenoxybenzoate for use preparing homo- and copolymers containing a p-phenoxybenzoyl repeating unit.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 3-bromo-4-fluorobenzoic acid of the formula ##STR1## comprising reacting fluorobenzene of the formula ##STR2## acetyl chloride in the presence of an acylation catalyst at a temperature from about 0.degree. to 100.degree. C., reacting the reaction mixture thereby obtained with bromine at a temperature from about 50.degree. to 150.degree. C., separating the resulting bromination product and reacting it with hypochlorite solution at a temperature between about 0.degree. and 100.degree. C. Aluminum chloride is the preferred catalyst.

Abstract: A process is described for preparing benzophenone derivatives of a high purity in an extremely high yield from 3-phenylphthalide derivatives with the use of at least one oxidizing agent.

Abstract: Primary and secondary unsaturated alcohols are converted to their corresponding aldehydes and/or carboxylic acids and ketones respectively with alkali metal (per) halate, preferably sodium periodate, in the presence of ruthenium catalyst. The process is particularly useful in the oxidation of chrysanthemyl alcohol. Any unconverted intermediate aldehyde formed may be converted to the acid by recycling or by a separate oxidation step.