Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing a propiolic acid or a derivative thereof by reacting a terminal alkyne with carbon dioxide, which comprises performing the reaction in the presence of a base and a copper complex, especially a copper (I) complex having at least one ligand, at least one of the ligands of the copper complex being selected from monodentate ligands which have an aminic or iminic nitrogen atom capable of coordination with copper, and polydentate ligands having at least two atoms or atom groups which are capable of simultaneous coordination with copper and are selected from nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, phosphorus and carbene carbon.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for preparing 5-aminosalicylic acid by gas phase catalytic carboxylation, characterized in that carbon dioxide is introduced into a system of p-acetaminophenol and a basic compound at a temperature of 150° C.˜220° C. and a pressure of 0.5˜5.0 MPa in the presence of a catalyst, so as to carry out a gas phase catalytic carboxylation reaction to form a 5-aminosalicylate, and the crude product 5-aminosalicylate is separated, and then acidified to prepare 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA). Since the gas phase catalytic reaction replaces a solid phase thermo-chemical reaction, the reaction is significantly improved in terms of the process flow, reaction conditions, product quality and energy consumption. In addition, the reaction has a short reaction time, good selectivity, high yield and no formation of wastes during the reaction, and is suitable for industrial production.

Abstract: The present application relates to a preparation method for solid powder of a carbamic acid derivative, which includes reacting an amine derivative with carbon dioxide at a temperature in a range of from about ?30° C. to about 500° C. and at a pressure in a range of from about 0.3 MPa to about 100 MPa. In addition, the present disclosure relates to a reduction method for solid powder of a carbamic acid derivative to an amine derivative and carbon dioxide, which includes dissolving solid powder of the carbamic acid derivative prepared in a solvent; refluxing the carbamic acid derivative at a temperature in a range of from about 30° C. to about 100° C.; and evaporating the solvent.

Abstract: The present invention describes a process for converting a terminal alkyne into an alkynoic acid. In this process the alkyne is exposed to carbon dioxide in the presence of a copper (I) species, a base and a complexing agent capable of complexing copper (I).

Abstract: The invention provides synthetic processes and synthetic intermediates that can be used to prepare 4-oxoquinolone compounds having useful integrase inhibiting properties.

Abstract: The invention provides synthetic processes and synthetic intermediates that can be used to prepare 4-oxoquinolone compounds having useful integrase inhibiting properties.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid which comprises reacting a dialkali metal salt of hydroquinone with carbon dioxide in a reaction medium in the presence of a potassium salt represented by formula (I): CnH2n+1COOK??(I) wherein n is an integer of 1-17. According to the process for preparing 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid of the present invention, 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid can be produced both safely and at a low cost under industrially advantageous conditions. Further, the process according to the present invention causes less damage to reaction equipment and the like.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing a propiolic acid or a derivative thereof by reacting a terminal alkyne with carbon dioxide, which comprises performing the reaction in the presence of a base and a copper complex, especially a copper (I) complex having at least one ligand, at least one of the ligands of the copper complex being selected from monodentate ligands which have an aminic or iminic nitrogen atom capable of coordination with copper, and polydentate ligands having at least two atoms or atom groups which are capable of simultaneous coordination with copper and are selected from nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, phosphorus and carbene carbon.

Abstract: The invention provides synthetic processes and synthetic intermediates that can be used to prepare 4-oxoquinolone compounds having useful integrase inhibiting properties.

Abstract: Disclosed is an edge-functionalized graphitic material manufactured by using a mechanochemical process. The edge-functionalized graphitic material is manufactured by pulverizing graphite in the presence of a variety of atmospheric agents in the form of gas phase, liquid phase, or solid phase. The edge-functionalized graphitic material, which is a precursor applicable into various fields, is expected to replace the prior art oxidized graphite.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid which comprises reacting a dialkali metal salt of hydroquinone with carbon dioxide in a reaction medium in the presence of a potassium salt represented by formula (I): CnH2n+1COOK??(I) wherein n is an integer of 1-17. According to the process for preparing 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid of the present invention, 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid can be produced both safely and at a low cost under industrially advantageous conditions. Further, the process according to the present invention causes less damage to reaction equipment and the like.

Abstract: A method produces a radiopharmaceutical. In the method, an H—Li exchange is made by adding an alkyllithium to an isocyanide, wherein the ?-H atom of the isocyanide is replaced with an Li atom. 11CO2 is added and bonded to the ?-C atom of the isocyanide. By a two-stage hydrolysis, the Li atom is replaced with an H atom and an amino group is formed from the isocyanide group, for example, by adding NH4Cl and HI. The reaction is continuously performed in particular in a microfluidic structure so that reaction times of less than 300 seconds can be achieved for the partial steps. Because the produced radiopharmaceutical has only a low half-life, the short production time has a positive effect on the yield of radioactive pharmaceutical.

Abstract: The invention provides synthetic processes and synthetic intermediates that can be used to prepare 4-oxoquinolone compounds having useful integrase inhibiting properties.

Abstract: The invention provides synthetic processes and synthetic intermediates that can be used to prepare 4-oxoquinolone compounds having useful integrase inhibiting properties.

Abstract: The invention provides improved therapeutic and diagnostic fullerenes and endohedral fullerenes. The fullerenes and endohedral fullerenes of the invention are derivatized with at least two charged functional groups (and preferably more than two charged functional groups) to provide for water-solubility and improved in vivo biodistribution. Improved derivatized fullerenes and endohedral fullerenes carry a plurality of functional groups at least two of which are charged. Preferably at least about ? of the possible derivations sites on the fullerene caged carry derivatives and preferably at least about ½ of the functional groups on the fullerene cage are charged groups. The invention also provides water-soluble endohedral metallofullerene with improved biodistribution which are useful as in vivo imaging agents, including MRI contrast agents.

Abstract: In the production of carboxylic acid or carboxylic acid ester, a reaction product containing the carboxylic acid or carboxylic acid ester which has been produced by the reaction of an olefin, carbon monoxide, and water or an alcohol in the presence of HF is heat-treated in the presence of an acid catalyst and an acid adsorbent. By the heat treatment, the contamination of the carboxylic acid or carboxylic acid ester with HF and/or fluorine compounds such as acyl fluorides can be prevented, to enable the stable production of a high quality and high purity carboxylic acid or carboxylic acid ester without causing troubles such as corrosion of apparatus.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for purifying 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid produced by disproportionation and more efficiently recycling byproduct dipotassium salts which includes the steps of: a) Contacting an aqueous solution containing the disalt of 2,6-NDA(2,6-K2NDA) with carbon dioxide to form as a precipitate the monopotassium salt of 2,6-NDA (KHNDA) and an aqueous solution containing 2,3-KHNDA, K2NDA, and potassium bicarbonate; b) Disproportionating said monopotassium salt (KHNDA) to form 2,6-NDA and an aqueous solution containing K2NDA, and potassium bicarbonate; c) Separating said 2,6-NDA and concentrating said aqueous solution containing K2NDA and potassium bicarbonate by reverse osmosis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the catalytic preparation of N-acylglycine derivatives. More particularly, the present invention relates to a process for the catalytic preparation of N-acylglycine derivatives by reacting an aldehyde with a carboxamide and carbon monoxide in the presence of a palladium compound, an ionic halide and an acid as catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention is a process for the preparation of a compound of formula 1

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for selective carboxylation of naphthoic acid, or other aromatic mono-acids to form primarily 2,3-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid (2,3-NDA) or other aromatic diacids which comprises reacting said aromatic mono-acid in the presence of one or more metal oxide catalysts, alone, or in combination, and in the presence of about 0.2 to 0.8 moles excess of base over aromatic mono-acid, at a temperature of about 380° C. to about 420° C., and, in a second step, disproportionating the product of said selective carboxylation at a temperature above about 420° C. to form a product with a greatly improved yield of 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, or other aromatic dicarboxylic acid.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of ortho-alkylated benzoic acid derivatives of the formula I 1

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of ortho-alkylated benzoic acid derivatives of the formula I characterized in that an aryl bromide of the formula II is reacted with a secondary or tertiary organolithium compound and CO2.

Abstract: The subject invention involves processes for making 2,4-difluoro-3-Q1-benzoic acid, wherein Q1 is derived from an electrophilic reagent, comprising the steps of: (a) treating 1-bromo-2,4-difluorobenzene with a strong, non-nucleophilic base; then treating with an electrophilic reagent which provides Q1, or a functional moiety which is then transformed to Q1, producing 1-bromo-2,4-difluoro-3-Q1-benzene; (b) treating the 1-bromo-2,4-difluoro-3-Q1-benzene with an alkali or alkaline earth metal or organometallic reagent; then treating with carbon dioxide, or with a formylating agent followed by oxidation, to produce 2,4-difluoro-3-Q1-benzoic acid. The subject invention also involves optional additional steps to further modify Q1, or to substitute a non-hydrogen moiety at the 5-position, at the 6-position, or at both, of the phenyl ring of the 2,4-difluoro-3-Q1-benzoic acid.

Abstract: The invention provides a multistep synthesis for the preparation of 4,5-diamino shikimic acid derivatives of formula 1

Abstract: A process for the production of aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acids such as salicylic acid comprising contacting an aromatic hydroxy compound such as phenol with carbon dioxide in the presence of fluoride ion. The products are useful as pharmaceuticals and chemical intermediates, and as monomers for polymers.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for dicarboxylating dihydric phenols, notably those where the hydroxyl groups are in the para or the ortho position vis-a-vis one another. More particularly, the invention pertains to a process for preparing 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid (2,5 DHTA). The invention comprises contacting a dihydric phenol with carbon dioxide in the presence of an alkali metal carbonate, the reaction being carried out in the presence of an alkali metal formate, at a temperature above the formate's melting point. The invention has several advantages over the well-known Kolbe-Schmitt reaction and other known carboxylation reactions, such as a lower operating pressure, higher yields, and/or shorter reaction times.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of polyalkylated aromatic carboxylic acids of formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are each independently of one another hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl, halogen or C.sub.5 -C.sub.8 cycloalkyl, with the proviso that at least two of the substituents R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 or R.sub.5 are alkyl and/or cycloalkyl, by reacting corresponding aromatic hydrocarbons with carbon dioxide, which reaction is carried out observing special ratios of temperature and pressure. The invention furthermore relates to a one-pot process for the preparation of the corresponding acyl halides.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 5-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-salicylic acid comprising the reaction of an organometallic derivative with a suitable substituted benzene in the presence of a transition-metal based catalyst is described.

Abstract: A process for preparing ethers which comprises contacting a carboxylated ether with a metal oxide catalyst under conditions effective to produce the ether.

Abstract: Disclosed is a novel compound 2-trifluoromethyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid represented by the formula: ##STR1##

Abstract: Para-hydroxybenzoic acid is prepared by reacting an alkali metal salt of phenol except the lithium and sodium salts with carbon dioxide in the presence of at least one compound selected from compounds of the following formulae (I) and (II): ##STR1## In formulae (I) and (II), M is an alkali metal except lithium and sodium; R is any substituent except an aliphatic hydroxy group having up to 4 carbon atoms, an aliphatic mercapto group having up to 4 carbon atoms, a substituent having at least one of them as its structural unit, and a hydrogen atom; R' is any substituent except an aliphatic hydroxy group having up to 4 carbon atoms, an aliphatic mercapto group having up to 4 carbon atoms, and a substituent having at least one of them as its structural unit; in formula (I) n is an integer of 1 to 5, and R groups may be the same or different when n is more than one; in formula (II) m is an integer of 1 to 5 and l is an integer of 0 to 4, and M alkali metals may be the same or different when m is one or more, and R'

Abstract: 2,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is prepared in a solids mixer by reacting resorcinol with an alkali metal bicarbonate and/or alklai metal carbonate in a carbon dioxide atmosphere using as the alkali metal bicarbonate or alkali metal carbonate a mixture of the corresponding sodium and potassium salts.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an alkali metal salt of 2,3,6,7-naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid. Either a sodium salt or a mixture of sodium salt and potassium salt of at least one naphthalenecarboxylic acid selected form the group consisting of naphthoic acids and naphthalenepolycarboxylic acids is heated to an elevated temperature in an inert gas atmosphere in the presence of a Henkel reaction catalyst and halogenated sodium.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I), useful as insecticides and knockdown agents: ##STR1## where Y is C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, Z is halo or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy; R is --(CH.sub.2).sub.p --(O).sub.m --R.sup.3 where m and p may be 0 or 1; R.sup.3 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, phenyl or benzyl, or when m is 0, R.sup.3 is C.sub.1-6 alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl or haloalkynyl, and either (a) A and B are both C.sub.1-4 alkyl or (b) A is hydrogen and B is (R.sup.1)(R.sup.2)C.dbd.CH-- where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are selected from methyl, chloro, bromo, fluoro and trifluoromethyl.

Abstract: 2,6-dialkoxybenzoic acid is made by metalation of 1,3-dialkoxybenzene by reaction with potassium dialkylamide. The metalated dialkoxybenzene is carbonated and acidified to form the dialkoxybenzoic acid.

Abstract: 2,6-dialkoxybenzoic acid is made by direct metalation of 1,3-dialkoxybenzene by potassium. The metalated dialkoxybenzene is carbonated and acidified to form the dialkoxybenzoic acid.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the preparation of a naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylic acid dialkali metal salt which comprises heating an alkali metal salt of naphthoic acid and/or a dialkali metal salt of naphthalene-dicarboxylic acid under pressure with carbon dioxide gas in the presence of a catalyst, wherein an aprotic polycyclic aromatic compound having 2 or 3 rings is used as a reaction medium. Naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylic acid dialkali metal salt can be obtained in high yield and selectivity with a good reproducibility of the reaction.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for selectively producing aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acids, which comprises subjecting a liquid mixture consisting of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, an alkali metal salt of an aromatic hydroxy compound and a free aromatic hydroxy compound to a reaction with carbon dioxide. The process permits the production of the intended product with enhanced selectivity.

Abstract: An improved process for the preparation of 3,5-dialkyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid comprising the reaction of 2,6-dialkylphenol and carbon dioxide in the presence of a mono- or polyalkylene glycol ether.

Abstract: The preparation of dibenzo[b,f]thiepin compounds by a process comprising the direct carboxylation of an ortho-toluyl-aryl sulfide to introduce a phenylacetic acid side chain is disclosed.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 5,6-dialkoxyanthranilic acids is described. The 5,6-dialkoxyanthranilic acids are useful in the preparation of substituted quinazolinediones which are active cardiotonic agents.

Abstract: An improved process for the preparation of fluorene-9-carboxylic acid comprising reacting fluorene and a dialkyl carbonate with alkyls of 1 to 5 carbon atoms in the presence of a member of the group consisting of alkali metal hydrides or potassium alcoholate of an aliphatic alcohol of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, neutralizing the mixture and saponifying the resulting fluorene-9-carboxylic acid ester to obtain fluorene-9-carboxylic acid in good yields.

Abstract: N-acyliminodiacetic acids are manufactured by reacting formaldehyde or a formaldehyde generator compound with a N-unsubstituted amide or a generator thereof and with carbon monoxide in contact with a carbonylation catalyst, for example, a cobalt compound, the ratio of the aldehyde groups to the amide groups being at least 2:1. The formaldehyde generator can be a polymeric form of formaldehyde and the amide generator can be a carboxylic ester, acid or anhydride.

Abstract: Aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acids are prepared by reacting an alkali metal salt of an aromatic hydroxy compound in solid phase with carbon dioxide, by reacting an alkali metal salt of an aromatic hydroxy compound in the form of granules in a fluidized bed with carbon dioxide, if desired under elevated pressure, at first at temperatures of 20.degree. to 130.degree. C. until at least 40% of the hydroxy compound has been converted into the corresponding carbonate, then completing the reaction at temperatures of 135.degree. to 300.degree. C., and then converting the reaction product obtained into the free acid.

Abstract: Novel processes for making arylpropionic acids are described. One process comprises carboxylating particular Grignard compounds which are the products of a catalyzed reaction between corresponding arylmagnesium bromides and ethylene. Furthermore, the reaction making the particular Grignard compounds is itself novel. Also, an improved method is disclosed for making coupled aryl compounds useful as intermediates for making compounds having a pharmaceutical use. For example, particular biaryls may be used to make some of the Grignard compounds herein from which the arylpropionic acids are made. Finally, an improved bromination is disclosed giving high yields of 4-bromo-2-fluoroaniline, which is thereafter coupled with benzene, then used to make the arylmagnesium bromide reacted with ethylene to obtain the particular Grignard compound and subsequent desired arylpropionic acid, i.e. 2-(2-fluoro-4-biphenylyl)propionic acid.

Abstract: Aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acids are prepared by reacting alkali metal salts of aromatic hydroxy compounds in the solid phase with carbon dioxide in a process in which the alkali metal salt of the aromatic hydroxy compound is reacted at temperatures of 120.degree. to 300.degree. C., in the form of granules, in a fluidized bed with carbon dioxide, if appropriate under elevated pressure and, if appropriate, in the presence of the aromatic hydroxy compound in the form of vapor, with continuous removal, by means of excess carbon dioxide, of the aromatic hydroxy compound which is formed, until at least 40% of the hydroxy compound have been converted into the alkali metal salt of the corresponding hydroxycarboxylic acid, and, if appropriate, the resulting alkali metal salt of the hydroxycarboxylic acid is reacted further in a subsequent stage at temperatures of 150.degree. to 300.degree. C.

Abstract: Insecticides of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each selected from methyl, halomethyl, and halo; X is oxygen, sulphur, sulphonyl or a group NR.sup.4 where R.sup.4 represents hydrogen, lower alkyl or lower carboxylic acyl; R.sup.3 is lower alkyl, lower alkenyl or benzyl; m has the value zero or one, and n has a value from one to four.

Abstract: The production of 6-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid from anhydrous potassium 2-naphthoxide and carbon dioxide is improved by forming a mixture of 0.8-1.45 moles of 2-hydroxynaphthalene per equivalent of potassium base, dehydrating the mixture, adding carbon dioxide at about 20 to 90 psi at about 255.degree.-280.degree. C. and agitating and heating at said pressure and temperature.

Abstract: The production of 6-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid from anhydrous potassium 2-naphthoxide and carbon dioxide is improved by forming a mixture of 0.8-1.2 moles of 2-hydroxynaphthalene per equivalent of potassium base, dehydrating the mixture, adding carbon dioxide at about 20 to 90 psi at about 255.degree.-280.degree. C. and agitating and heating it at said pressure and temperature.

Abstract: The production of 6-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid from anhydrous potassium 2-naphthoxide and carbon dioxide is improved by forming a mixture of 0.8-1.2 moles of 2-hydroxynaphthalene per equivalent of potassium base, dehydrating the mixture, adding carbon dioxide at about 20 to 90 psi at about 255.degree.-280.degree. C. and agitating and heating it at said pressure and temperature.