Abstract: An aromatic compound is hydroxylated by reacting the aromatic compound in an aqueous solvent with a triiodide salt to form a reaction mixture containing the corresponding iodoaromatic compound. The mixture is reacted, without separating the iodoaromatic compound, with a hydroxylating agent to form the corresponding hydroxy aromatic compound. The iodide salt, formed as a by-product of the reaction, is then separated for reuse in the process.

Abstract: Di, tri and tetrahydroxybenzohydroxamic acids, amides and the corresponding di, tri and tetrahydroxy substituted phenylalkanohydroxamic acids, amides and phenyl esters, ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors.

Abstract: Milbemycin and avermectin macrolides are synthesized by the cyclized linking of separately synthesized northern and southern hemisphere intermediates. The northern hemisphere intermediate is a spiroketal alkenyl aldehyde, and the southern hemisphere intermediate is an aryl alkenyl phosphine oxide anion.

Abstract: Metal complex polyazo dyes having, as a coupling component radical, the radical of a coupling component K, being the product of the condensation, under acidic conditions, of the formaldehyde with a compound or mixture of compounds of formula (a), ##STR1## AND/OR A COMPOUND OR MIXTURE OF COMPOUNDS OF FORMULA (B), ##STR2## WHEREIN EACH R.sub.1 , R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 is independently is hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy or optionally substituted alkyl or alkoxy, andM is hydrogen or a non-chromophoric cation,The mol ratio of formaldehyde to the other compound(s) (a) and/or (b) being at least 0.6:1 and at least 50 mol % of the other compound(s) (a) and/or (b) containing a --COOM group, and, as diazo or bisdiazo component radical, a radical D- or -D- where D contains at least one metallized azo group, their production and their use for the dyeing of anionic dyeable substrates, particularly leather. The dyes have good levelling capacity and the obtained dyeings possess notable fastness to light.