Abstract: A layer of a metal selected from titanium, niobium, tungsten, molybdenum, ruthenium, rhodium, arsenic, aluminum and gallium, an oxide of the metal, a nitride of the metal, silicon nitride, hafnium nitride, tantalum nitride, or an alloy of these metals, the layer being provided on an underlying base material selected from glass, silicon, copper and nickel, is selectively etched with an alkaline etching solution containing a predefined complexing agent.

Abstract: Novel betaine salts of acetylsalicylic acid, namely 4-trimethylammoniobutanoate acetylsalicylic acid addition salt (gamma-butyrobetaine acetylsalicylate), L-carnitine acetylsalicylic acid addition salt and 3-(trimethylammonioamino)propanoate (meldonium) acetylsalicylic acid addition salt. Use of meldonium acetylsalicylate as antiplatelet agent for treating various pathologies induced by platelet aggregation, anti-inflammatory and antihyperlipidemic agent.

Abstract: A composition of an oil-soluble ionic detergent that does not contribute metal ions to the composition, and which comprises a quaternary non-metallic pnictogen cation and an organic anion having at least one hydrocarbyl group of sufficient length to impart oil solubility to the detergent, the detergent having a total base number (TBN) to total acid number (TAN) ratio of at least 2:1 imparts ash-free basicity to a lubricant composition.

Abstract: A composition of an oil-soluble ionic detergent that does not contribute metal ions to the composition, and which comprises a quaternary non-metallic pnictogen cation and an organic anion having at least one hydrocarbyl group of sufficient length to impart oil solubility to the detergent, the detergent having a total base number (TBN) to total acid number (TAN) ratio of at least 2:1 imparts ash-free basicity to a lubricant composition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds, intermediates used in the preparation of such compounds, processes for the preparation of such compounds of the formula VI and formula VII and such intermediates, pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds of the formula VI and such compounds of the formula VII, and the uses of such compounds of the formula VI and such compounds of the formula VII as antidiabetic, pre-antidiabetic, antiobesity and cardioprotective agents.

Abstract: A compound comprising a water soluble salt of formula (I) wherein R1 is a C1-10alkyl group; or a C2-10alkenyl group; M is a cation of valency n, provided that when R1 is a pent-2-enyl group, Mn+ is other than sodium or potassium. These salts are particularly suitable for use in agricultural formulations. The formulations may further comprise benzoic acid derivatives and/or antioxidants.

Abstract: The present invention provides edible compositions comprising a compound of the present invention, food products comprising such edible compositions and methods of preparing such food products. The present invention also provides methods of reducing the amount of NaCl in a food product, methods of reducing the sodium intake in a diet, and methods of reducing bitter taste in a food product.

Abstract: Provided herein are novel solid state forms of tapentadol salts, process for their preparation, pharmaceutical compositions, and method of treating thereof. The tapentadol salts include an L-(?)-camphorsulfonate salt, a dibenzoyl-(L)-tartrate salt, a dibenzoyl-(D)-tartrate salt, a malate salt, a maleate salt, or a salicylate salt.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds, intermediates used in the preparation of such compounds, processes for the preparation of such compounds of the formula VI and formula VII and such intermediates, pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds of the formula VI and such compounds of the formula VII, and the uses of such compounds of the formula VI and such compounds of the formula VII as antidiabetic, pre-antidiabetic, antiobesity and cardioprotective agents.

Abstract: A traceable treatment composition for treating a subterranean formation having multiple zones penetrated by a well bore comprising a homogenous blend of a tracking composition and a resin composition. The tracking composition comprises a substantially non-radioactive tracking material selected from the group consisting of a metal salt. The metal portion of the metal salt may be selected from the group consisting of gold, silver, lithium, molybdenum, and vanadium.

Abstract: A composition of an oil-soluble ionic detergent that does not contribute metal ions to the composition, and which comprises a quaternary non-metallic pnictogen cation and an organic anion having at least one hydrocarbyl group of sufficient length to impart oil solubility to the detergent, the detergent having a total base number (TBN) to total acid number (TAN) ratio of at least 2:1 imparts ash-free basicity to a lubricant composition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to stable active compound complexes of salts of o-acetylsalicylic acid with basic amino acids and glycine, to a process for their preparation and to their use as medicaments.

Abstract: Provided herein are novel solid state forms of tapentadol salts, process for their preparation, pharmaceutical compositions, and method of treating thereof. The tapentadol salts include an L-(?)-camphorsulfonate salt, a dibenzoyl-(L)-tartrate salt, a dibenzoyl-(D)-tartrate salt, a malate salt, a maleate salt, or a salicylate salt.

Abstract: Methods for identifying MarR family inhibiting compounds are described. The methods include the use of computer aided rational based drug design programs and three dimensional structures of MarR family polypeptides.

Abstract: Methods and an apparatus for producing stable crystal polymorphs are provided. Inner surfaces of glass vials with a concave bottom topography are coated with nonstick compounds to select for nucleation of stable polymorphs.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds, as well as to compositions, methods and kits comprising such compounds, for use in the treatment or prophylaxis of fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, myofascial pain syndrome, Gulf War syndrome and related conditions, wherein the compound is a fatty acid oxidation inhibitor and/or a carbohydrate oxidation activator.

Abstract: The present invention concerns veterinary compositions for the treatment and/or prevention of nosema disease (Nosemosis apium) in honey bees comprising 2-hydroxy-benzoic acid (salicylic acid) or 2-(acetyloxy)benzoic acid (acetyl-salicylic acid) or their salt(s) as an active ingredient. In one embodiment, a composition contains sugar-industry molasses (concentrated watery extract of Beta vulgaris cv altissima) as a carrier and, if desired, any other auxiliary and carrier substances.

Abstract: Multi-layered macromolecules wherein the layers are covalently bonded together and wherein the macromolecules are covalently bonded to solid particulate substrates, methods for the preparation of such compositions, and methods for their uses in a multitude of end use applications ranging from the purification of waste chemical and metal process streams to the separation and identification of proteins, peptides, and oligionucleotides.

Abstract: New organic salts of strontium and methods of synthesizing such salts with high purity, high yields and with short processing times, at neutral conditions and at low reaction temperature, such as a temperature at or below 50° C.

Abstract: The present invention concerns to the use of salicylate in the treatment of mammal intoxications caused by the herbicide paraquat (PQ). It was achieved, for the first time, 100% of survival 30 days after the administration to Wistar rats, by intraperitoneal route, of a PQ dose that, in the absence of treatment, is itself 100% lethal at the end of 6 days. The administration of salicylate, two hours after PQ, reversed the PQ toxicity and extended the life of the animals to the levels of the control group.

Abstract: A complex comprises at least an ?2-adrenergic receptor agonist and a compound that provides an opposite charge to a charge on the ?2-adrenergic receptor agonist, wherein the complex is charge neutral as a whole and has a solubility in a range from about 0.3 ?g/ml to about 2.5 mg/ml in water at pH of about 7 and temperature of about 25° C. The complex is included in a composition, device, or implant for use in the neuroprotection of components of a neurological tissue to prevent progressive degeneration of such components. In particular, such a composition, device, or implant can be used to provide neuroprotection to cells and components of the optic nerve system.

Abstract: Hydroxy aromatic acids are produced in high yields and high purity (>95%) from halogenated aromatic acids in a reaction mixture containing a copper source and a ligand that coordinates to copper.

Abstract: Provided are methods of screening compounds for any aspirin-related activity other than TAFI inhibition, and also for non-inhibition of TAFI. Compounds identified by the screening methods can be used to treat, prevent or manage in a patient pain, fever, colon cancer, pancreatic cancer or an inflammatory, platelet aggregation, fibrinolytic or hemorrhagic disease or disorder. Also provided is a method of evaluating test compounds for TAFI inhibitory activity wherein the TAFI inhibitory activity of these test compounds is compared to the TAFI inhibitory activity of aspirin or its derivatives or metabolites. Further provided is a method of treating, preventing or managing in a patient, a hemorrhagic or thrombotic disease or disorder with high dose aspirin or aspirin derivatives or metabolites.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the production of alkyl salicylic acids wherein the process comprises reacting salicylic acid with an olefin having at least four carbon atoms at elevated temperature in the presence of a perfluoroalkylsulfonic acid, an alkylsulfonic acid, or an acidic clay as a catalyst.

Abstract: The invention is a process for producing alkaline earth metal salicylates for use as lubricant detergents and to compositions prepared by the process. The process comprises two steps. Step 1 is the alkylation of salicylic acid is conducted using C14 or greater linear ?-olefins to produce alkyl salicylic acids in commercially acceptable yields. The alkylation conditions produce predominately mono-substituted para alkyl salicylic acids that are oil soluble. Step 2 is the oil soluble acid is subsequently neutralized and overbased by carbonation of lime using CO2 in the presence of a promoter and a surfactant. The reaction mixture after overbasing is filtered and solvents are removed by distillation. Alternatively, alkyl salicylic acid can be reacted with a previously overbased alkaline earth sulfonate, e.g., calcium sulfonate, to produce alkaline earth salicylate salts comprising varying percentages of dispersed alkaline earth carbonate salts.

Abstract: A method for producing a charge controlling agent comprisinig a reaction product of an aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acid and a calcium compound bonded by at least one bondinig system selected from the group consisting of coordinate bonding, covalent bonding and ionic bonding, characterized in that the aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acid and the calcium compound are reacted by dropwise adding a solution of the aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acid to a solution of the calcium compound as a metal-imparting agent, a charge controlling agent produced by said method, which has a shape coefficient (SF-1) average value of at most 250 and a shape coefficient (SF-2) average value of at most 200, and an electrostatic image developing toner containing said charge controlling agent having a presence ratio on a toner surface of at least 2.0 mg/1 g of toner.

Abstract: The invention disclosed herein relates to linear compounds in the form of oligomers or polymers containing unsubstituted or substituted phenol units and unsubstituted or substituted salicylic acid units. These compounds are useful as additives for lubricants and fuels. Metal salts of these compounds are useful as lubricant additives. A process for making these compounds is disclosed.

Abstract: A cyclic compound comprising m units of formula Ia and n units of formula (Ib) joined together to form a ring, wherein Y is a divalent bridging group which may be the same or different in each unit; R0 is H, a C1-C6 alkyl or a metal or ammonium cation; R5 is H or a C1-C6 alkyl; and j is 1 or 2; R3 is hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl or a hetero-substituted hydrocarbyl group; each of R1, R2 and R4, which may be the same or different, is hydroxyl, hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or hetero-substituted hydrocarbyl, with the proviso that at least one of R1, R2, R4 is hydroxyl, and m+n is 4 to 20, m is 1-8 and n is at least 3; and with the proviso that at least one of the conditions a) to e) below is satisfied: (a) the cyclic compound comprises at least one formula (Ia) unit in the form of a carboxylate anion, (b) the caclic compound comprises at least one formula (Ia) unit in the form of an alkaline earth metal or alkali metal carboxylate salt, (c) the cyclic compound comprises at least 2 units of formula (Ia) (d) the cyclic co

Abstract: The invention disclosed herein relates to linear compounds in the form of oligomers or polymers containing unsubstituted or substituted phenol units and unsubstituted or substituted salicylic acid units. These compounds are useful as additives for lubricants and fuels. Metal salts of these compounds are useful as lubricant additives. The process for making these compounds involves reacting phenol units and salicylic acid units in an organic solvent.

Abstract: The present invention provides an inexpensive process for the preparation of lithium salts of formula LiX having a desired or required level of purity using lithium chloride and lithium sulfate. In the process of the invention, a lithium salt selected from lithium chloride, lithium sulfate, and combinations thereof is reacted with NaX or KX in a aqueous, semiaqueous, or organic solution and the precipitated salts are removed to obtain the LiX solution of desired purity. Preferably, a semiaqueous solution containing water and an organic solvent is used at some point in the reaction. The process of the invention eliminates the use of highly acidic materials and thus reduces the cost of raw materials and the need for specialized equipment.

Abstract: A cyclic compound comprising m units of the formula Ia.

Abstract: A cyclic compound comprising m units of the formula Ia.

Abstract: A cyclic compound comprising m units of the formula Ia. and n units of the formula (Ib) joined together to form a ring, wherein Y and y2 are divalent bridging groups which may be the same or different in each unit; Ro is H or (C1-C6) alkyl or is a metal or amnmonium cation; R5 is H or (C1-C60) alkyl or OH group; j is 1 or 2; R3 is hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl or a hetero-substituted hydrocarbyl group; each of R1, R2 and R4, which may be the same or different, is hydroxyl, hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or hetero-substituted hydrocarbyl, with the provisos that i) at least one of R1, R2, R4 is hydroxyl, and m +n is 4 to 20, m is 1-8 and n is at least 3, and ii) in formula Ia at least one OH group is in the meta or para position to the COORo group and/or at least one R5 group is OH.

Abstract: The present invention relates to S-[2-[(1-Iminoethyl)amino]ethyl]-2-methyl-L-cysteine, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides a 4-fluorosalicylic acid derivative represented by the following general formula (1): ##STR1## (wherein X.sup.1, X.sup.2 and X.sup.3 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom with a proviso that there is no case in which all of X.sup.1, X.sup.2 and X.sup.3 are hydrogen atoms or fluorine atoms simultaneously); and a process for producing the above 4-fluoro-salicylic acid derivative.The 4-fluorosalicylic acid derivative of the present invention is a novel compound not described in any literature and is very suitable as a raw material for production of a 3-fluorophenol derivative (the 3-fluorophenol derivative is very useful as an intermediate for liquid crystal, recording material, medicine and agricultural chemical) because the 4-fluorosalicylic acid derivative can be easily converted to the 3-fluorophenol derivative.

Abstract: A process for the production of an alkyl salicylic acid in which the alkyl substituent has at least 6 carbon atoms is disclosed, comprising reacting salicylic acid with an olefin having at least 6 carbon atoms at elevated temperature in the presence of sulphuric acid as a catalyst. Lubricating oil additives comprising a metal salt of such alkylated salicylic acids and a process for making them are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a salicylate analogue having the structure ##STR1## wherein R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, i-butyl; pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, phenyl, naphthyl and cyclohexyl; wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, a C1-C12 alkyl group, F, Cl, Br, I, CO.sub.2 H, CONHR, CONR.sub.2, CO.sub.2 R, C.tbd.N, CHO, COR, SO.sub.3, SO.sub.2 NHR, SO.sub.2 NR.sub.2, OH, OR, OCOR, SH, SR, OCONHR, OCONR.sub.2, SCOR, SCONHR, SCONR.sub.2 and NH2, NHR, NHCOR and NR2; and wherein R1 is in the 3-, 4-, 5- or 6-position, or a combination thereof. Also provided are various pharmaceutical compositions of the novel compounds of the present invention.

Abstract: This invention embodies a process for releasing acidic organic compounds in high yield and good purity from aqueous solutions of their salts which comprises converting the salts by carbon dioxide to their corresponding free acidic organic compounds and metal hydrogen carbonates, removing the acidic organic compounds from the mixture by extraction with an essentially water-insoluble organic solvent, and re-extracting the organic phase with carbon dioxide containing water. Using this process, the acidic organic compounds are completely released from their corresponding salts, i.e., the organic solution is free of salt. The acidic organic compounds released by the claimed process are organic compounds which contain acidic protons which can be replaced by metals. Some examples are carboxylic acids, sulfonic acids, phosphonic acids, phenols, naphthols, and aliphatic alcohols.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 5-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-salicylic acid comprising the reaction of an organometallic derivative with a suitable substituted benzene in the presence of a transition-metal based catalyst is described.

Abstract: An image recording material comprises a support and an image recording layer provided thereon which contains a salicyclic acid derivative or its metal salt, which functions as a developer of a leuco dye to form a color image. A new salicylic acid developer is herein disclosed. The salicylic acid developer is a salicylic acid derivative having the formula (I) or its metal salt: ##STR1## in which each of R.sup.13 and R.sup.15 independently is hydrogen, an alkyl group, an aryl group or a tertiary aralkyl group; R.sup.16 is an alkyl group or an aryl group; and when R.sup.15 is hydrogen R.sup.13 is a tertiary aralkyl group. An image recording process employing the image recording material is also disclosed.

Abstract: Carboxylic acids are sorbed from aqueous feedstocks at pHs close to or above the acids' pH.sub.a into a strongly basic organic liquid phase or onto a basic solid adsorbent or moderately basic ion exchange resin. the acids are freed from the sorbent phase by treating it with aqueous alkylamine or ammonia thus forming an alkylammonium or ammonium carobxylate which dewatered and decomposed to the desired carboxylic acid and the alkylamine or ammonia.

Abstract: A developer comprising at least one polyvalent metal salt of a nuclear substituted salicylic acid of the following general formula is provided. ##STR1## In the formula, R.sub.1 represents an alkyl group having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, R.sub.2 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, R.sub.3 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group provided that at least one of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is a secondary butyl group, a secondary hexyl group, an isohexyl group, a secondary octyl group, an isononyl group, a secondary decyl group, a secondary dodecyl group or an isododecyl group and the total number of the carbon atoms in R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 is from 9 to 18, M is a polyvalent metal atom, and m is a valence of M. An aqueous dispersion containing the developer and a method for preparing the developer are also described.

Abstract: A process for the selective carbonylation of a conjugated diene by contacting with carbon monoxide in the presence of a hydroxyl-group-containing compound such as water, alcohol, phenol or carboxylic acid in liquid phase using a catalyst system formed by the combination of:(a) a palladium compound and(b) at least one organic bidentate phosphine.

Abstract: A new compound, namely lidocaine salicylate monohydrate of formula: ##STR1## has been proposed, which has shown strong local anesthetic and cardiac antiarrhythmic activity.

Abstract: A process for the production of aromatic carboxylic acids which comprises carbonylating substituted iodoaromatic compounds in the presence of carbon monoxide, a catalytic amount of a transition metal catalyst, and a Bronsted base in a mixture of a carboxylic acid and water under aromatic carboxylic acid forming conditions of temperature and pressure.

Abstract: Essentially pure salicylic acid crystals, typically containing less than 0.01% inorganic salt, less than 0.01% para-hydroxybenzoic and 4-hydroxyisophthalic acid and well adopted for foodstuff and pharmaceutical applications, are facilely recovered from an aqueous solution of sodium salicylate by (i) adding an organic solvent for salicylic acid to such aqueous solution, in an amount sufficient to dissolve the salicylic acid corresponding to said sodium salt thereof, (ii) next adding thereto an at least stoichiometric amount, relative to said sodium salicylate, of a strong inorganic acid, and (iii) separating therefrom an essentially organic phase which comprises said salicylic acid and an aqueous phase which comprises an inorganic sodium salt.

Abstract: The invention relates to metal salicylates of the formula ##STR1## wherein Me is a metal ion of valency n,n is 2, 3 or 4, andeach of the rings A and B independently of the other is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy or an .alpha.-methylbenzyl radical.The metal salicylates are particularly suitable developers for the color former in pressure-sensitive or heat-sensitive recording materials.

Abstract: Iron-antimony metallic oxide catalysts which have become deactivated after being used for the production of aldehydes, acids, nitriles, or dienes through oxidation, ammoxidation, or oxidative dehydrogenation of organic compounds in fluidized-bed reactors are regenerated by adding to the catalyst a solid molybdenum component which is volatile or capable of forming a volatile compound under reaction conditions. The metallic oxide catalysts contain as essential components (I) Fe, (II) Sb, (III) at least one element selected from the group consisting of V, MO, and W, and (IV) Te.

Abstract: This invention relates to a series of compounds having therapeutic activity, consisting of the derivatives obtained by reacting 4-methyl-5-[(2-aminoethyl)-thiomethyl]-imidazole with non-steroidal, traditional, antiinflammatory agents. The derivatives are carboxamides of formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 =H; --CH.sub.3 ; --C.sub.2 H.sub.5 ; and ##STR2## of the antiinflammatory agents, i.e. the acylic radical of the antiinflammatory acid, or ##STR3## of the antiinflammatory acid and the corresponding physiologically acceptable salts on the imidazole ring.

Abstract: A process for recovering carboxylic acids with a material of which the main component is a polymeric compound having a pyridine skeletal structure and a crosslinked structure, followed by desorbing the captured carboxylic acids by use of a desorbing agent.