Abstract: A process for producing a calcium carboxylate comprising contacting a nitrile compound, a calcium compound selected from calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide or mixtures thereof, and water at a temperature of about 90° C. to about 250° C. at a sufficient pressure and for a sufficient time to produce a reaction mixture comprising calcium carboxylate.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for preparing a compound of formula (1) wherein: A represents naphthyl or phenyl optionally substituted; and Ar1, Ar2 independently represent a saturated or aromatic carbocyclic group, optionally substituted.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for preparing dicarboxylic acid monoesters from cyanocarboxylic acid esters. More particularly, using the nitrilase from Acidovorax facilis 72W (ATCC 55745) in various forms as an enzyme catalyst, an aliphatic or aromatic cyanocarboxylic acid ester is converted to the corresponding dicarboxylic acid monoester with high chemoselectivity at 100% conversion. An embodiment of the invention also provides a process for obtaining high chemoselectively and high regioselectivity.

Abstract: A process for producing 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-1, 4-benzenedicarboxylic acid, comprising heating 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-1,4-benzenedicarboxamide together with sulfuric acid exhibiting an acidity function (—Ho) of 10.27 to 14.44 in the presence of water contained in an amount smaller than a stoichiometric value of hydrolysis at 110 to 190° C. This process efficiently produces 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid which is a precursor of dimethyl 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-1,4-benzenedicarboxylate useful as a herbicide.

Abstract: A method for recovering and recycling excess hydrogen from process vent streams in the production of highly pure terephthalic acid where the production of the pure terephthalic acid comprises catalytically hydrogenating impure terephthalic acid, which typically contains 4-carboxybenzaldehyde (4-CBA), color bodies and other impurities, in aqueous liquid phase solution at elevated temperature and pressure.

Abstract: A process for producing 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid, comprising heating 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-1,4-benzenedicarboxamide together with sulfuric acid exhibiting an acidity function (—Ho) of 10.27 to 14.44 in the presence of water contained in an amount smaller than a stoichiometric value of hydrolysis at 110 to 190° C. This process efficiently produces 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid which is a precursor of dimethyl 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-1,4-benzenedicarboxylate useful as a herbicide.

Abstract: Glycine derivatives represented by the following formula (1) and cleanser compositions containing the same: ##STR1## wherein R is a linear or branched alkyl group having 11 to 13 carbon atoms, a linear or branched alkenyl group having 11 to 13 carbon atoms, or a linear or branched hydroxyalkyl group having 11 to 13 carbon atoms, and M.sub.1 and M.sub.2 are the same or different from each other and each independently is a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal atom, 1/2 (an alkaline earth metal atom), an ammonium group, a monoalkanolammonium group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, a dialkanolammonium group having 2 to 22 carbon atoms in total, a trialkanolammonium group having 3 to 22 carbon atoms in total, or a protonated basic amino acid, are excellent in foaming, detergency, comfort in use and safety, are antipollutive and can be used for various purposes, for example, a cleanser composition for the hair and body or tableware.

Abstract: A method for preparing aromatic compounds including 1,4-difluoropyromellitic dianhydride represented by formula (12): ##STR1## and 1,4-difluoropyromellitic acid represented by formula (15): ##STR2## by dehydrating or hydrolyzing and dehydrating precursors.

Abstract: A process for making acrylmaleic acid and arylmaleic anhydride derivative useful as intermediates for the preparation of arylmaleimides in the synthesis of compounds having activity in the central nervous system. The process involves reacting arylacetonitriles with glyoxylic acid to provide novel intermediate 3-aryl-3-cyanopropeneoates which may be converted to the arylmaleic acid and arylmaleic anhydride derivatives.

Abstract: A trifluorobenzene compound represented by the general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein Z represents a cyano group or a carboxyl group, and a process for producing said compounds.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for purifying a crude terephthalic acid mother liquor stream comprising oxidation catalysts, terephthalic acid, color bodies and impurities by hydrogenation in the presence of a rhodium-on-carbon catalyst wherein color bodies and impurities are hydrogenated to saturated compounds for subsequent oxidation to carbon oxides. The terephthalic acid in said stream is thereupon recovered.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of naphthalene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid, wherein 4-bromo-1-naphthoic acid is reacted with at least 1 mole of copper-(I) cyanide per mole of 4-bromonaphthoic acid in a polar, aprotic solvent, and the copper salt complex of 4-cyanonaphthoic acid thus obtained is saponified in an alkaline medium.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of naphthalene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid, which comprises reacting 1,4-dihalogenonaphthalene with at least 2 moles of copper-I cyanide per mole of dihalogenonaphthalene in a polar, aprotic solvent and subjecting the copper salt complex of 1,4-dicyanonaphthalene thus obtained to alkaline hydrolysis.

Abstract: A nitrile, such as terephthalonitrile or nicotinonitrile is hydrolyzed, in the vapor phase, in the presence of a solid acid catalyst, with ammonia which is evolved in the reaction and absorbed by the catalyst being stripped from the catalyst to reduce the production of intermediate amide products.

Abstract: A nitrile, such as terephthalonitrile or nicotinonitrile is reacted with water, in the vapor phase, in the presence of a catalyst, such as supported phosphoric acid, to produce the corresponding carboxylic acid.

Abstract: A nitrile, such as terephthalonitrile is catalytically reacted with water, in the vapor phase, to produce a gaseous effluent containing the corresponding carboxylic acid, as well as unreacted nitrile, ammonia and water. The acid product is separated from the gas by sublimation, preferably at a temperature above the dew point of the other components of the mixture.