Abstract: This invention provides a process for producing bicyclo[3.3.0]octanes expressed by the following formula [II] ##STR1## wherein R.sub.11 represents H, a one-equivalent cation or R.sub.1, R.sub..omega.' , represents R.sub..omega.' , and R.sub.21 represents H or R.sub.2,from a thiol compound expressed by the following formula [I], ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 represents a C.sub.1-10 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alicyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl (C.sub.1-2)alkyl group or a tri(C.sub.1-7 hydrocarbyl)silyl group, Ar represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, R.sub..omega. represents a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-13 alkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-13 alkenyl group, and R.sub.2 represents a hydroxyl-protecting group.This process enables to obtain isocarbacyclines or synthetic intermediates therefor with industrial advantages.

Abstract: Bicyclic sulfonamido derivatives represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a hydrogen or lower alkyl; R.sub.2 is an alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted arly, aralkyl or hetelocycle; R.sub.3 is hydrogen or methyl; X is an alkylene or alkenylene which may be substituted by a fluorine atom or atoms and may contain an oxygen, sulfur and/or phenylene in the chain; Y is straight or branched alkylene or alkeneylene, oxygen, or sulfur; m is 0 or 1; and n is 0, 1 or 2, or their salt, said derivatives being useful as antithrombotic, anti-vasoconstricting, and anti-bronchoconstricting drugs.

Abstract: The invention also relates to carbacyclin derivatives of general formula I' ##STR1## wherein R.sub.9 is an alkyl group of 1-10 carbon atoms or the group --C.dbd.C--(CH.sub.2).sub.m --R.sub.6 whereinm is 1 to 16 andR.sub.6 is hydroxy on amino.

Abstract: Carbacyclin derivatives of Formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen or OR.sub.2, wherein R.sub.2 is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, ##STR2## or a heterocyclic residue; or R.sub.1 is NHR.sub.3 wherein R.sub.3 is an acid residue (acyl) or R.sub.2,n is 2, 3, 4, or 5,X is hydrogen or fluorine,A is --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --, trans--CH.dbd.CH--, or --C.tbd.C--,W is a free or functionally modified hydroxymethylene group or a free or functionally modified ##STR3## wherein the OH-group can be in the .alpha.- or .beta.-position, D is ##STR4## a straight-chain, saturated aliphatic group of 1-10 carbon atoms, a branched, saturated or a straight-chain or branched, unsaturated aliphatic group of 2-10 carbon atoms, all of which can optionally be substituted by fluorine atoms,m is 1, 2, or 3,E is a direct bond, --C.tbd.C--, or --CR.sub.6 .dbd.CR.sub.7 -- wherein R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 are different from each other and are hydrogen or alkyl or 1-5 carbon atoms, or are hydrogen or halogen,R.sub.

Abstract: Novel HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors of formulae (I) and (II) are disclosed.

Abstract: Described are substituted tetrahydroindanes defined according to the generic structure: ##STR1## wherein Z is a moiety selected from the group consisting of: ##STR2## wherein X represents chloro or bromo; wherein R.sub.1 represents:--OR.sub.3 or --O.sup..crclbar. M.sup..sym. ;wherein R.sub.3 represents hydrogen, methyl or ethyl; wherein M represents alkali metal, sodium potassium or lithium; wherein R.sub.2 represents hydrogen or the moiety: ##STR3## as well as uses of substituted tetrahydroindanes defined according to the structure: ##STR4## wherein Z' represents a moiety selected from the group consisting of: ##STR5## wherein R.sub.2 is hydrogen and wherein R.sub.1 is the moiety:--OR.sub.3 'wherein R.sub.

Abstract: A process for preparing compounds represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein: X is hydrogen or lower alkoxy;Y is hydrogen, exo-(lower alkyl) or endo-(lower alkyl);n is an integer from 2-4;R.sub.2 is hydrogen or methyl; andR.sub.3 is linear or branched alkyl, ##STR2## --(CH.sub.2).sub.m -phenyl or --CH.sub.2 O-phenyl; in which any phenyl may be optionally substituted with lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, or halogen, anda is an integer of 0, 1 or 2;b is an integer of 3-7;m is an integer of 0, 1 or 2,as a mixture or separately in a sequence starting from an epoxide represented by the formula ##STR3## and processes for making the novel intermediates.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for manufacturing optically active carbacyclin intermediate products from racemic cis-bicyclo[3.3.0]octane-2-carboxylic acids. This process makes it possible in an advantageous way to produce important intermediates for the synthesis of stable and pharmacologically active carbacyclin derivatives.

Abstract: Novel 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutary-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors which are useful as antihypercholesterolemic agents and are represented by the following general structural formulae (I) and (II): ##STR1## and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds (II) in which Z is hydrogen are disclosed.

Abstract: Azulene derivatives of the following formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 stands for an alkyl group of 1 to 3 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 stands for an alkyl group of 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and R.sup.3 is at the 5- or 6-position and stands for an alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an aryl group of 6 to 9 carbon atoms or an aralkyl group of 7 to 10 carbon atoms; have antihyperlipidemic activity. Many of the compounds are also novel per se.

Abstract: Described are substituted tetrahydroindanes defined according to the generic structure: ##STR1## wherein Z is a moiety selected from the group consisting of: ##STR2## wherein X represents chloro or bromo; wherein R.sub.1 represents:--OR.sub.3 or --O.sup..sym. M.sup..crclbar. ;wherein R.sub.3 represents hydrogen, methyl or ethyl; wherein M represents alkali metal, sodium potassium or lithium; wherein R.sub.2 represents hydrogen or the moiety: ##STR3## as well as uses of substituted tetrahydroindanes defined according to the structure: ##STR4## wherein Z' represents a moiety selected from the group consisting of: ##STR5## wherein R.sub.2 is hydrogen and wherein R.sub.1 is the moiety:OR.sub.3 'wherein R.sub.

Abstract: Perfluoro(cycloaliphatic methyleneoxyalkylene) compositions are provided. These compositions comprise perfluoro(cycloaliphatic methyleneoxyalkylene) carbonyl fluoride compounds having (a) a perfluorocycloaliphatic moiety which can have up to two perfluoroalkyl substituents and a perfluoroalkylene substituent, and (b) a perfluoromethyleneoxyalkylene carbonyl fluoride radical, the methylene group of the radical being bonded to a ring carbon atom or the perfluoroalkylene substituent of the moiety and the alkylene group of the perfluoromethyleneoxyalkylene carbonyl fluoride being a perfluoro(methyl)methylene group, a perfluoroisopropyleneoxy(methyl)methylene group, or a poly(perfluoroisopropyleneoxy)perfluoro(methyl)methylene group having up to about 10 perfluoroisopropyleneoxy units.

Abstract: Novel 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors which are useful as antihypercholesterolemic agents and are represented by the following general structural formulae (I) or (II): ##STR1## wherein: n is 1 to 5;R is hydrogen or ##STR2## R.sup.1 is hydrogen or methyl; R.sup.2 is hydrogen or methyl; andR.sup.3 is hydrogen, C.sub.1-5 alkyl or C.sub.1-5 alkyl substituted with a member of the group consisting of phenyl, dimethylamino, or acetylamino; andthe dotted lines at a, b and c represent optional double bonds and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds (II) in which R.sup.3 is hydrogen are disclosed.

Abstract: There are disclosed a (2-chloro-3-oxo-1-alkenyl)-bicyclo[3.3.0 octene derivative represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 COOR.sup.5, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --O--CH.sub.2 COOR.sup.5, --CH.dbd.CHCH.sub.2 COOR.sup.5 or --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 C.tbd.C--COOR.sup.5 group where R.sup.5 in the groups represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R.sup.2 represents a hydrogen atom, an acyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, a tri(1 to 7 carbon atoms)-hydrocarbylsilyl group or a group forming an acetal bonding with an oxygen atom of a hydroxy group; R.sup.

Abstract: Sweeteners of the formula: ##STR1## and food-acceptable salts thereof, where the substituents are disclosed herein.

Abstract: Prostaglandin derivatives, and specifically derivatives of isocarbacyclin, have an optionally substituted methylene group as a substituent on the .alpha.-carbon atom of the .alpha.-side chain. They have a variety of physiological effects, notably a strong ability to inhibit blood platelet aggregation and a strong anti-ulcer activity.

Abstract: An isocarbacyclin derivative represented by the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl group having 5 to 10 carbon atoms, and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 represent a hydrogen atom or a protective group for the hydroxyl group; and a process for production thereof.

Abstract: There are disclosed a bicyclo [3.3.0]octane derivative represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a substituent selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom and a protective group of a hydroxy group;R.sup.2 is a substituent selected from the group consisting of --CH.sub.2 OR.sup.5 and ##STR2## where R.sup.5 is a substituent selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom and a protective group of a hydroxy group,R.sup.6 is a substituent selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group, an alkenyl group and an alkynyl group, said substituent being straight, branched or cyclic and having 5 to 10 carbon atoms,X is a substituent selected from the group consisting of a vinylene group and an acetylene group, andR.sup.7 is a substituent selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, and an alkynyl group said substituent being straight, branched or cyclic and having 5 to 10 carbon atoms; andR.sup.3 is a substituent represented by the formula --Y--(CH.sub.2).

Abstract: Novel 2,4-pentadienoic acid derivatives are disclosed. As the examples are mentioned 3-(4-carboxy-trans, trans-1,3-butadienyl)-6-exo-(3.alpha.-hydroxy-trans-1-octenyl)-7-endo-hydr oxybicyclo[3.3.0]oct-2-ene, 3-(5-carboxy-trans, trans-2,4-pentadienyl)-6-exo-(3.alpha.-hydroxy-trans-1-octenyl)-7-endo-hyd roxybicyclo[3.3.0]oct-2-ene and the like. These compounds are useful as a platelet aggregation inhibitor, especially as a thrombosis-prophylactic agent.

Abstract: Carbacyclin derivatives with anti-ulcer activity comprise compounds of the general formula (I): ##STR1## (wherein R.sup.1 is selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom and an alkyl group having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms; R.sup.2 is selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom and a methyl group; and R.sup.3 is selected from the group consisting of a 3-butenyl group, a 4-pentenyl group and a 5-methyl-4-hexenyl group), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

Abstract: Compounds useful in treating cardiovascular disorders such as thrombosis, hypertension and atherosclerosis are depicted in formulas (1), (2) and (3): ##STR1## wherein: A is --C.tbd.C--, trans --HC.dbd.CH--, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 -- or --CH.dbd.CHCH.sub.2 --;X is lower alkoxy, hydroxy, or (2,2,2)-trifluoroethoxy;Y is hydrogen, exo-(lower alkyl) or endo-(lower alkyl);is an integer of 2-4;R.sub.1 is --CH.sub.2 OH, --CHO, --CO.sub.2 R or --CO.sub.2 H, and the olefin formed by the R.sub.1 (CH.sub.2).sub.n CH.dbd. moiety is either (E) or (Z);R.sub.2 is hydrogen or methyl, or optionally --CH.dbd.CH.sub.2 when A is --CH.dbd.CHCH.sub.2 --; andR.sub.3 is linear or branched alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having 5-10 carbon atoms, ##STR2## --(CH.sub.2).sub.m -phenyl or CH.sub.

Abstract: A novel prostacyclins expressed by the following formula (1) ##STR1## wherein a symbol between the 2-position and 3-position indicates single bond or double bond; G indicates --CO.sub.2 R.sup.5 or --CONR.sup.6 R.sup.7 in which R.sup.5 is a hydrogen atom, C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkyl group, substituted or unsubstituted alicyclic group, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl (C.sub.1 -C.sub.2) alkyl group, tri (C.sub.1 -C.sub.7) hydrocarbon-silyl group, or one equivalent cation, R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are identical or different and each representing a hydrogen atom, or C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkyl group, or R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are substituted or unsubstituted five to six-membered ring which may join together with a nitrogen atom to which they are linked and further contain a hetero atom; R.sup.1 indicates a hydrogen atom, or methyl group; R.sup.2 indicates an unsubstituted C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 alkyl group substituted or unsubstituted alicyclic group, or substituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: Prostacyclin (PGI.sub.2) analogs having a 6a-carba feature, for example a compound of the formula ##STR1## said analogs having pharmacological activity. Processes for preparing them and the appropriate intermediates are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to allenic prostacyclin derivatives of the formula: ##STR1## wherein: n is 0, 1, 2R.sup.1 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower hydroxyalkyl, or a pharmaceutically acceptable cation;R.sup.2 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, halogen, aryl, alkylthio, phenylthio, alkylsulfinyl, phenylsulfonyl, or trifluoromethyl,R.sup.3 is a lower alkyl, a cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, a cycloheteroalkyl, a lower alkyl having one to eight carbons substituted with one or more fluorines or containing 1 or 2 unsaturated bonds; and carbon 15 may be in the R or the S configuration, or a mixture of R and S with the proviso that when R.sup.1 is a lower alkyl or lower hydroxyalkyl that carbon 15 is not in the R configuration.These compounds are useful for the treatment of platelet dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Also disclosed is the process for preparing these compounds and their appropriate intermediates.

Abstract: Processes for preparing compounds which exhibit seed germinating activity are disclosed. An ester of acetoacetic acid is condensed with a ketone to produce a substituted cyclohexenone which is reacted with a thiol to get a dithioketal which is then desulfurized to produce an ester of a substituted cyclohex-2-ene-1-carboxylic acid which exhibits seed germinating activity. The same compound can be produced by a different process which reacts the substituted cyclohexenone with a reducing agent. An exemplary reducing agent would be an organosilane and a Lewis acid.

Abstract: Novel 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors which are useful as antihypercholesterolemic agents are represented by the following structural formulae (I) and (II): ##STR1## are disclosed.

Abstract: Carbacyclin derivatives of Formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is OR.sub.2, wherein R.sub.2 is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, a heterocyclic residue, or NHR.sub.3, wherein R.sub.3 is an acid residue or hydrogen;X is oxygen;A is --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --, trans--CH.dbd.CH--, or --C.tbd.C--;W is free or functionally modified hydroxymethylene or free or functionally modified ##STR2## wherein the OH-group can be in the .alpha.- or .beta.-position; D is a straight-chain or branched, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic group of 1-10 carbon atoms, which can optionally be substituted by fluorine atoms, 1,2-methylene, 1,1-trimethylene;E is --C.tbd.C-- or --CR.sub.6 .dbd.CH.sub.7 -- wherein R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 are hydrogen or alkyl of 1-5 carbon atoms;R.sub.4 is an aliphatic group, cycloalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, or a heterocyclic group;R.sub.5 is free or functionally modified hydroxy and,when R.sub.

Abstract: Prostacyclin (PGI.sub.2) analogs having a 6a-carba feature, for example a compound of the formula ##STR1## said analogs having pharmacological activity. Processes for preparing them and the appropriate intermediates are disclosed.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel sweeteners of the formula: ##STR1## wherein A is hydrogen, alkyl containing 1-3 carbon atoms, hydroxyalkyl containing 1-3 carbon atoms, alkoxymethyl wherein the alkoxy contains 1-3 carbon atoms or --CO.sub.2 R in which R is alkyl containing 1-3 carbon atoms;A' is hydrogen or alkyl containing 1-3 carbon atoms;A and A' taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form cycloalkyl containing 3-4 carbon atoms;Y is --(CHR.sub.2).sub.n -R.sub.1 or --CHR.sub.3 R.sub.4 ;R.sub.1 is alkyl-substituted cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, bicycloalkyl or bicycloalkenyl containing at least one alkyl in the .beta.-position of the ring, up to 7 ring carbon atoms and up to a total of 12 carbon atoms;R.sub.2 is H or alkyl containing 1-4 carbon atoms;R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are each cycloalkyl containing 3-4 ring carbon atoms;n=0 or 1; andm=0 or 1;and food-acceptable salts thereof.

Abstract: Oxygenated decaline derivatives of formula ##STR1## wherein X represents a COOH or a CHO group are obtained according to a process which consists in the oxidation of a ketone of formula ##STR2## by means of oxygen in a basic medium constituted by potassium tert-butoxide in 1,2-dimethoxyethane.Compounds (I) are useful starting materials for the preparation of AMBROX.RTM. (registered tradename of Firmenich SA, Geneva, Switzerland) which is an ingredient in perfumes.

Abstract: Disclosed is a pharmaceutical composition having circulation ameliorating effect and antiulcer effect containing a prostaglandin I.sub.2 analogue represented by the formula shown below or a non-toxic salt or a cyclodextrin inclusion compound thereof as the effective ingredient: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 4 to 7 carbon atoms or a phenyl group, A represents a pentyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a 1-methyl-3-hexynyl group, a 2-methyl-3-hexynyl group, a 1-methylhexyl group, a 2-phenethyl group, a 1,1-dimethylpentyl group, a 2-methylpentyl group, a 1-cyclohexylethyl group, a 2-methylhexyl group, a 1-methyl-3-pentynyl group or a 2,6-dimethyl-5-heptenyl group; the double bond between the carbon atoms at 4- and 5-positions is E or Z or a mixture thereof; the asymmetric center in the substituent represented by A is in the R-configuration or the S-configuration or a mixture thereof.

Abstract: Prostaglandin analogues of the formula: ##STR1## (wherein R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or an aliphatic or alicyclic hydrocarbon radical, Y.sup.1 represents a carbonyl or hydroxymethylene group, A.sup.1 represents an alkylene linkage containing 1, 2 or 3 carbon atoms and optionally bearing a methyl or ethyl substituent, R.sup.2 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl or ethyl group and R.sup.3 represents a hydrogen atom or R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 form an alkylene linkage containing 2 or 3 carbon atoms, optionally bearing a methyl or ethyl substituent, such that the symbols A.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3, together with the carbon atoms through which they are connected, may form a cycloalkyl ring of 5, 6, 7 or 8 carbon atoms, optionally bearing one or two methyl or ethyl substituents, or A.sup.1 and R.sup.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is (a) hydrogen, (b) C.sub.1-10 alkyl, (c) C.sub.1-10 alkyl substituted by halogen; C.sub.1-4 alkoxy; C.sub.6-10 aryl; C.sub.6-10 aryl substituted by 1-3 halogen atoms, a phenyl group, 1-3 C.sub.1-4 alkyl groups or a chloromethyl, fluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, carboxy, hydroxy or C.sub.1-4 alkoxy group; di-C.sub.1-4 -alkylamino; or tri-C.sub.1-4 -alkylammonium, (d) C.sub.4-10 cycloalkyl, (e) C.sub.4-10 cycloalkyl substituted by C.sub.1-4 alkyl, (f) C.sub.6-10 aryl, (g) C.sub.6-10 aryl substituted by 1-3 halogen atoms, a phenyl group 1-3 C.sub.1-4 alkyl groups or a chloromethyl, fluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, carboxy, hydroxy or C.sub.1-4 alkoxy group, or (h) an aromatic heterocycle of 5 or 6 ring atoms one of which is O, N or S;A is --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --, trans--CH.dbd.CH-- or --C.tbd.C--;W is hydroxymethylene, RO-methylene, CH.sub.3 or CH.sub.3, ##STR2## wherein OH or OR is in the .alpha.- or .beta.

Abstract: A compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein X.sup.1 is a free or an esterified carboxyl group, or a group of the formula: ##STR2## (R.sup.a and R.sup.b are each independently a hydrogen atom, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group, a C.sub.3 -C.sub.7 cycloalkyl group, a benzyl group, a phenyl group, a phenyl group substituted with a halogen atom or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group, or, when taken together with the adjacent nitrogen atom to which they are attached, they represent a 5 to 7 membered saturated heterocyclic group, Y.sup.1 is a group of the formula: ##STR3## (R.sup.6 is a hydrogen atom or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group), ##STR4## (R.sup.6 is as defined above), ##STR5## R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group or a protected hydroxyl group, R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, when taken together, mean a shingle linkage to from a double bond between the carbon atoms which they are linked, R.sup.3 is a hydroxyl group or a protected hydroxyl group, R.sup.4 is a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: Novel 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors which are useful as antihypercholesterolemic agents and are represented by the following general structural formulae (I) or (II): ##STR1## wherein: n is 1 to 5;R is hydrogen or ##STR2## R.sup.1 is hydrogen or methyl; R.sup.2 is hydrogen or methyl; andR.sup.3 is hydrogen, C.sub.1-5 alkyl or C.sub.1-5 alkyl substituted with a member of the group consisting of phenyl, dimethylamino, or acetylamino; andthe dotted lines at a, b and c represent optional double bonds and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds (II) in which R.sup.3 is hydrogen are disclosed.

Abstract: A method for preparing a cis-bicyclo[3.3.0]octylidene derivative represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group; R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom or a protective group for hydroxyl group; and Y is ##STR2## where R.sup.3 is a hydrogen atom or a protective group for hydroxyl group; R.sup.4 is a hydrogen atom or a straight, branched or cyclic alkyl group, alkenyl group or alkynyl group; and X is a group represented by CH.dbd.CH or C.tbd.C,comprises carrying out the catalytic hydrogenation reaction of a (1-alkenyl)-cis-bicyclo[3.3.0]octene derivative represented by the formula: ##STR3## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and Y have the same meanings as defined above, in the presence of a metal carbonyl compound or its complex represented by the formula:Mw(CO)x(H)y(R)zwherein M is a metal element of the group VIB; R is a .pi. ligand or a phosphine ligand; w is 1 or 2; x is an integer of 3 to 6; y is 0 or 1; and z is 0 or an integer of 1 to 3.

Abstract: Novel compounds of the following general formula: ##STR1##

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I): ##STR1## [wherein X represents a hydrogen atom or a 2-methylbutyryl group, Y represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group and R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are the same or different and each represents an oxygen atom or a group of formula .dbd.N--OR.sup.3 (wherein R.sup.3 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group)], the free hydroxy-carboxylic acids corresponding thereto and salts and esters of said acids may be prepared by oxidizing and, if necessary, oximating a corresponding ML-236A, ML-236B, MB-530A or MB-530B compound, and these compounds have valuable antihypercholesteraemic activity.

Abstract: Novel compounds of the following general formula: ##STR1##

Abstract: The 13,14-didehydro-15-oxo analogues of natural prostaglandins possess high cytoprotective activity and low diarrheogenic activity, low anti-hemostatic activity and low smooth muscle contraction activity.

Abstract: A group of retinoids having "vitamin A type" activity which have the structure ##STR1## wherein R3 is a trimethylcyclohexenylethylene, tetramethyltetrahydronaphthalene or methoxytrimethylphenylethylene group;R1 and R2 which are different are selected from --OH, --OR4 and --NHR, provided one of R1 and R2 is OH; R4 is alkyl of 1 to 20 carbons; and R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 4 carbons, hydroxyalkyl of 1 to 4 carbons, alkylhydroxyalkyl of 1 to 4 carbons, phenyl, hydroxyphenyl and carboxyphenyl, and R5 is a lactone or lactam of the structure ##STR2## and X is oxygen or NR where R is as above, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

Abstract: Compounds useful in treating cardiovascular disorders are the carboxylic acids depicted in formulas (1) and (2) ##STR1## as well as their pharmaceutically acceptable, non-toxic salts and esters, wherein:n is an integer from one to four;R.sub.1 is hydroxy;R.sub.2 is hydrogen; orR.sub.1 and R.sub.2 together are an oxo group;R.sub.3 is ##STR2## wherein A is --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --; trans--CH.dbd.CH--; --C.tbd.C--; andR.sub.4 is linear or branched alkyl of one to twelve carbons, preferably 1-10 carbons, most preferably 3-8 carbons, cycloalkyl of three to eight carbons; phenyl optionally substituted with one or two identical substituents selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, hydroxy, trifluoromethyl, and halo; or phenylloweralkyl optionally substituted with one or two identical substituents selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, hydroxy, trifluoromethyl, and halo.

Abstract: A compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein X.sup.1 is a free or an esterified carboxyl group, or a group of the formula: ##STR2## (R.sup.a and R.sup.b are each independently a hydrogen atom, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group, a C.sub.3 -C.sub.7 cycloalkyl group, a benzyl group, a phenyl group, a phenyl group substituted with a halogen atom or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group, or, when taken together with the adjacent nitrogen atom to which they are attached, they represent a 5 to 7 membered saturated heterocyclic group), Y is a group of the formula: ##STR3## (R.sup.6 is a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group) or ##STR4## (R.sup.6 is as defined above), R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group or a protected hydroxyl group, R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, when taken together, mean a single linkage to form a double bond between the carbon atoms which they are linked, R.sup.3 is a hydroxyl group or a protected hydroxyl group, R.sup.4 is a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of beta-disubstituted monocarboxylic acids derived from tertiary acyclic, monocyclic or bicyclic hydrocarbons. The process consists in reacting said hydrocarbons with vinylidene chloride and either a functional compound where the molecule includes a tertiary carbon atom bonded to the heteroatom of a functional group such as a tertiary alcohol, an ether, or a tertiary halide or an alkene, in the presence of a concentrated protonic acid. The reaction can be carried out in the presence of a catalyst of the Lewis acid type and particularly BF.sub.3. These acids are useful as synthesis intermediates and as additives for oils and lubricants.

Abstract: Novel compounds of the following general formula: ##STR1##

Abstract: The present specification provides novel analogs of carbacyclin (CBA.sub.2), 6a-carba-prostacyclin (6a-carba-PGI.sub.2), which have pronounced prostacyclin-like pharmacological activity, e.g., as platelet anti-aggregatory agents. Specifically the novel chemical analogs of CBA.sub.2 are those substituted by fluoro (C-5), alkyl (C-9), interphenylene (C-5), methano (C-6a,9), and an additional (olefinic) valence bond (C-6a,9). Further provided are benzindene analogs of CBA.sub.2 and substituted forms thereof, i.e., 9-deoxy-2', 9-methano (or 2', 9-methano)-3-oxa-4,5,6-trinor-3,7-(1',3'-interphenylene)-PGF.sub.1 compounds. Also provided are a variety of novel chemical intermediates, e.g., substituted bicyclo[3.3.0]octane intermediates, and chemical process utilizing such intermediates which are useful in the preparation of the novel CBA.sub.2 analogs.

Abstract: Prostaglandin analogues of the general formula: ##STR1## (wherein R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a straight- or branched-chain alkyl group, Y.sup.1 represents a carbonyl or hydroxymethylene group, represents a single or double bond, A.sup.1 represents an alkylene linkage containing 2 or 3 carbon atoms and optionally bearing a methyl or ethyl substituent, R.sup.2 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl or ethyl group and R.sup.3 represents a hydrogen atom or else R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 form an alkylene linkage containing 2 or 3 carbon atoms, optionally bearing a methyl or ethyl substituent, such that the symbols A.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3, together with the carbon atoms through which they are connected, form a cycloalkyl ring of 6, 7 or 8 carbon atoms, optionally bearing one or two methyl or ethyl substituents, X.sup.1 represents an ethylene or trans-vinylene group, Y.sup.2 represents a carbonyl or hydroxymethylene group, and either (i) A.sup.

Abstract: Aldoxime or ketoxime-O-alkanoic acid is prepared by transoximation of an aldehyde or ketone, the reaction being conducted in a liquid phase at a pressure below one atmosphere. Conversion of the aldoxime or ketoxime-O-alkanoic acid to the ester or salt form is also described.

Abstract: Compounds of general structural formula: ##STR1## wherein Q is: ##STR2## or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, C.sub.1-3 alkyl esters or .alpha.-monoglyceride when Q is a dihydroxy acid are useful as antihypercholesterolemic agents for the treatment of atherosclerosis, familial hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipemia and like diseases. They also have useful antifungal activity.

Abstract: A compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein X.sup.1 is a free or esterified carboxyl group, a hydroxymethyl group, a cyano group, a group of the formula: ##STR2## (R.sup.a and R.sup.b are each independently a hydrogen atom, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group, a C.sub.3 -C.sub.7 cycloalkyl group, a benzyl group, a phenyl group, a phenyl group substituted with a halogen atom or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group, or, when taken together with the adjacent nitrogen atom to which they are attached, they represent a 5 to 7-membered saturated heterocyclic group) or a group of the formula: ##STR3## (R.sup.a and R.sup.b are each as defined above), Y is an ethylene group or a vinylene group, R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group or a protected hydroxyl group, R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, when taken together, means a single linkage to form a double bond between the carbon atoms which they are linked, R.sup.3 is a hydroxyl group or a protected hydroxyl group, R.sup.4 is a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.