Abstract: Methods and compositions are described for reducing airway reactivity and the susceptibility to asthmatic bronchoconstriction that involve increasing sphingolipid content in airways and lungs of a mammalian subject.

Abstract: By searching various kinds of compounds having CaSR agonistic activity, the present invention provides CaSR agonistic agents, pharmaceutical compositions, preventive or therapeutic agents for diarrhea and kokumi-imparting agents each of which comprise the compound. More specifically, the present invention provides CaSR agonistic agents, pharmaceutical compositions, preventive or therapeutic agents for diarrhea and kokumi-imparting agents each of which comprise a glutamic acid derivative having CaSR agonistic activity or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

Abstract: There is disclosed a sulfonium salt shown by the following general formula (1). There can be a sulfonium salt capable of introducing an acid-generating unit generating an acid having an appropriate acid strength and not impairing adhesion with a substrate into a base polymer; a polymer using the said sulfonium salt; a chemically amplified resist composition using the said polymer as a base polymer; and a patterning process using the said chemically amplified resist composition.

Abstract: By searching various kinds of compounds having CaSR agonistic activity, the present invention provides CaSR agonistic agents, pharmaceutical compositions, preventive or therapeutic agents for diarrhea and kokumi-imparting agents each of which comprise the compound. More specifically, the present invention provides CaSR agonistic agents, pharmaceutical compositions, preventive or therapeutic agents for diarrhea and kokumi-imparting agents each of which comprise a glutamic acid derivative having CaSR agonistic activity or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

Abstract: Described are sulfonated aromatic compounds and methods of making said compounds. The compounds are useful as monomers in a variety of polymers such as polyamides and polyesters, and can impart flame resistant properties.

Abstract: A composition containing a compound represented by General Formula (I) below (see the definition in the specification for the symbols in the formula) or a salt thereof has an excellent CaSR agonistic effect and provides a pharmaceutical agent, a CaSR agonistic agent, a prophylactic or therapeutic agent for a disease that can be ameliorated through CaSR activation as well as seasonings and an agent for imparting kokumi.

Abstract: A medicament having an excellent CaSR agonist action which enables the prevention or treatment of diabetes or obesity is provided by a composition comprising the compound represented by general formula (I) as defined, or a salt thereof.

Abstract: The present invention is generally directed to thiol quantitation assays, methods of performing the assays, and compounds used in the assays. It is more specifically directed to assays that include one or more disulfides and related molecules and methods. The disulfides contain a FRET pair.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel class of reactive fluorescent agents that are based on a pyrene sulfonic acid nucleus. The agents are readily incorporated into conjugates with other species by reacting the reactive group with a group of complementary reactivity on the other species of the conjugate. Also provided are methods of using the compounds of the invention to detect and/or quantify an analyte in a sample. In an exemplary embodiment, the invention provides multi-color assays incorporating the compounds of the invention.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions that may alleviate symptoms of ocular stress, as well as methods of their production, use, and storage compositions. The compositions comprise at least one ocular epithelial cell associating group and at least one hydrophilic group. In one embodiment the at least one ocular epithelial cell associating group and at least one hydrophilic group are substituents on a conjugated polyaromatic core. The compositions may be used in ophthalmic compositions and ophthalmic devices.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel class of reactive fluorescent agents that are based on a pyrene sulfonic acid nucleus. The agents are readily incorporated into conjugates with other species by reacting the reactive group with a group of complementary reactivity on the other species of the conjugate. Also provided are methods of using the compounds of the invention to detect and/or quantify an analyte in a sample. In an exemplary embodiment, the invention provides multi-color assays incorporating the compounds of the invention.

Abstract: A series of crosslinkable sulfonated poly(ether ketone)s containing cycloalkenyl groups were synthesized by aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction. To decrease the swelling of fuel cell membranes, crosslinking of theses polymers by radical polymerization has been explored. These polymeric films exhibit good thermal and oxidative stability, and good dimensional stability in hot water. The proton conductivity of one example at room temperature is 7.52*10?2 S/cm. The results showed that these materials containing cycloalkenyl groups are possible inexpensive candidate materials for proton exchange membranes in fuel cell applications.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of making asymmetrical bis(thiosemicarbazones), compounds useful as synthetic intermediates in the method, new bis(thiosemicarbazones) that can be readily accessed by use of the method and methods of treatment and imaging utilising some of the new bis(thiosemicarbazones).

Abstract: By searching various kinds of compounds having CaSR agonistic activity, the present invention provides CaSR agonistic agents, pharmaceutical compositions, preventive or therapeutic agents for diarrhea and kokumi-imparting agents each of which comprise the compound. More specifically, the present invention provides CaSR agonistic agents, pharmaceutical compositions, preventive or therapeutic agents for diarrhea and kokumi-imparting agents each of which comprise a glutamic acid derivative having CaSR agonistic activity or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

Abstract: Classes of compounds that exhibit effective inhibition of autotaxin enzymes are provided. Such classes include naphthalenesulfones, phenylsulfones, and certain peptides with unnatural amino acids and exhibit reactivity with autotaxin to ultimately reduce the size of the reactive sites thereon to prevent conversion of lysophosphatidyl choline to lysophophatidic acid. Furthermore, such compounds can be incorporated within delivery forms for human ingestion. As such, these compounds accord an excellent manner of potentially reducing generation of certain cancers attributable to the presence of naturally occurring autotaxin within the human body. Methods of inactivating autotaxin to certain degrees therewith such compounds are encompassed within invention as well.

Abstract: Described herein is a degradable linking agent that includes a core molecule with one or more charged groups; and one or more photoreactive groups covalently attached to the core molecule by one or more degradable linkers.

Abstract: Novel fluorescent dyes are disclosed for use in analyte detection. In particular, mono- and bis-substituted HPTS dyes and methods of making them are provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel fluorescent compounds and covalent attachment chemistries which facilitate the use of these compounds as labels for ultrasensitive and quantitative fluorescent detection of low levels of biomolecules. In a preferred embodiment, the fluorescent labels of this invention are novel derivatives of the hydroxy-pyrene trisulphonic and disulphonic acids which may be used in any assay in which radioisotopes, colored dyes or other fluorescent molecules are currently used. Thus, for example, any assay using labeled antibodies, proteins, oligonucleotides or lipids, including fluorescent cell sorting, fluorescence microscopy (including dark-field microscopy), fluorescence polarization assays, ligand, receptor binding assays, receptor activation assays and diagnostic assays can benefit from use of the compounds disclosed herein.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel fluorescent compounds and covalent attachment chemistries which facilitate the use of these compounds as labels for ultrasensitive and quantitative fluorescent detection of low levels of biomolecules. In a preferred embodiment, the fluorescent labels of this invention are novel derivatives of the hydroxy-pyrene trisulphonic and disulphonic acids which may be used in any assay in which radioisotopes, colored dyes or other fluorescent molecules are currently used. Thus, for example, any assay using labeled antibodies, proteins, oligonucleotides or lipids, including fluorescent cell sorting, fluorescence microscopy (including dark-field microscopy), fluorescence polarization assays, ligand, receptor binding assays, receptor activation assays and diagnostic assays can benefit from use of the compounds disclosed herein.

Abstract: Urea and thiourea derivatives inhibit cell function of the chemokine receptor CCR-3. These compounds offer an effective means for treating a range of diseases thought to be mediated by the CCR-3 receptor. A variety of useful urea and thiourea derivatives can be synthesized using liquid and solid phase synthesis protocols.

Abstract: A azomethine yellow dye compound of general formula (I): General formula (I) wherein R1 and R2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent; R3 represents a substituent; m indicates an integer from 0 to 3; when m is 2 or greater, R3's may be the same or different and may be mutually bonded to form a condensed ring; R3 may be bonded to R1 or R2 to form a condensed ring; R4 represents an aryl group or a heterocyclic group; R5 and R6 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent; R7 represents a substituent; n indicates an integer from 0 to 4; when n is 2 or greater, R7's may be the same or different and the may be mutually bonded to form a condensed ring; R7 may be bonded to R5 or R6 to form a condensed ring; and R5 and R6 may be bonded to each other to form a ring.

Abstract: Novel addition products of hydroxyl-protecting groups (such as isocyanates) with oxyalkylene-substituted intermediates, such as poly(oxyalkylenated) aniline compounds, for the eventual production of substituted, and substantially pure, colorants, particularly diazo and triphenylmethane derivatives, through the reaction of such intermediates with certain reactants are provided. These new colorants exhibit improved wax and/or oil solubility and high purity, particularly due to the inability of certain impurities to deleteriously react with the protected hydroxyl groups of either the intermediate or the colorant during and/or after formation thereof. A method for producing such novel colorants through utilization of these novel substantially pure colorant intermediates is also provided.

Abstract: An ultraviolet radiation absorbing agent for bonding to an ocular lens. The agent has the formulaA--NH--Bwherein A is an ultraviolet absorbing compound and B is a specific reactive group or a moiety containing reactive group.

Abstract: Onium salt capable of generating acid upon exposure to actinic radiation having the following structure:(R.sub.1).sub.a (R.sub.2).sub.b (R.sub.3).sub.c Q.sup.+ --A--M.sup.+ X.sup.- --B--X'.sup.-where:Q is S;R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are independently substituted or unsubstituted aromatic, aliphatic, or aralkyl groups having 7-18 carbon atoms;M.sup.+ is a cationic organic radical;A is a divalent radical selected from the group of hindered alkylene groups, substituted or unsubstituted aromatic or aralkyl groups;B is a divalent aromatic sensitizer which absorbs radiation having a wavelength longer than 300 nm and is capable of transferring an electron to Q,x.sup.- and X'.sup.- are anionic groups; and wherein A provides a spatial separation between Q and M, and B provides a spatial separation between X and X', such that the spatial separation provided by A between Q and M is substantially the same as the spatial separation provided by B between X and X'.

Abstract: Oxamides useful as dye intermediates have the formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently of each other hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl or phenyl,X is hydroxyl, nitro or a radical of the formula --NR.sup.3 R.sup.4, where R.sup.3 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkanoyl and R.sup.4 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl or phenyl,Z is C.sub.2 -C.sub.8 -alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted phenylene or substituted or unsubstituted naphthylene, or X--Z and R.sup.1 are, together with the nitrogen atom joining them together, the radical of the formula ##STR2## where R.sup.3 is as defined above,L is a bridge member andY is vinyl or a radical of the formula --C.sub.2 H.sub.4 --A, where A is hydroxyl or a group which is detachable under alkaline reaction conditions.

Abstract: Novel semicarbazides of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, each independently of the other, are hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 alkenyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkoxy or phenyl, or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, together with the linking nitrogen atom, form a morpholine or piperazine radical, p is 0 or 1, and Q depends on the value of p as described herein. The novel compounds, which are water-soluble in aqueous application systems, have fibre affinity and are suitable for the photochemical and thermal stabilization of polyamide fibre materials and the dyeings produced thereon.

Abstract: A process for the .alpha.-monoalkylation of arylacetonitriles, arylacetoesters and arylacetic acids with dialkyl carbonates in liquid phase, in the presence of bases at temperatures ranging from about 100.degree. C. to about 270.degree. C.

Abstract: Development of medicament having anti-virus activity, particularly anti-HIV (anti-human immunodeficiency virus) activity. An anti-virus agent comprising bis-naphthalenedisulfonic acids having aliphatic spacer represented by the formula (1) and their physically usable salts.

Abstract: There is disclosed a water-soluble, asymmetrical oxalic acid diarylamide of general formula ##STR1## wherein the substituents R.sub.1 are each independently of the other unsubstituted or hydroxy- or alkoxy-substituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl, unsubstituted or C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl-substituted benzyl,R.sub.2 is hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl or phenyl-C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl,R.sub.3 is hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl, phenyl-C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkoxy,A is a direct bond or a divalent radical of formula --O--Q--, whereinQ is unsubstituted or hydroxy-substituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkylene,M is hydrogen or alkali metal, andr is 2, 1 or 0.The novel water-soluble compound having fiber affinity is suitable for the photochemical and thermal stabilisation of polyamide fiber materials and the dyeings produced thereon.

Abstract: Phenylene diamines of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 denotes hydrogen, formyl or oxalyl,R.sup.2 denotes hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl andR.sup.3 denotes hydrogen or C.sub.2 -C.sub.8 -alkanoyl,provided that R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are not both hydrogen and that when R.sup.2 is methyl or ethyl, R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 are not both hydrogen, and a process for the preparation of phenylene diamines.

Abstract: An organic polymeric material, which is preferably perfluorinated and which comprises a polymeric chain and at least one group pendant from the chain, in which the group pendant from the chain comprises a saturated cyclic group and at least one ion-exchange group or group convertible thereto, and in which the ion-exchange group of group convertible thereto is linked to the polymeric chain through the cyclic group. Also an ion-exchange membrane produced from the polymeric material, an electrolytic cell containing the membrane, vinyl monomers from which the organic polymeric material may be produced and intermediates useful in production of the monomers.

Abstract: Phenylene diamines of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 denotes hydrogen, formyl or oxalyl,R.sup.2 denotes hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl andR.sup.3 denotes hydrogen or C.sub.2 -C.sub.8 -alkanoyl,provided that R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are not both hydrogen and that when R.sup.2 is methyl or ethyl, R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 are not both hydrogen, and a process for the preparation of phenylene diamines.

Abstract: Antibacterial activity is exhibited by novel compounds having the formula ##STR1## or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are the same or different and each is hydrogen or alkyl or R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 taken together with the nitrogen atoms to which they are attached form a 1,2-diazacyclobutane, 1,2-diazacyclopentane, 1,2-diazacyclohexane, or 1,2-diazacycloheptane ring.Y.sub.1 and Y.sub.2 are either hydrogen or OR.sub.11 but are not the same.R.sub.11 is hydrogen, alkanoyl of from one to ten carbon atoms, substituted alkanoyl of from two to ten carbon atoms, phenylcarbonyl, (substituted phenyl) carbonyl, heteroarylcarbonyl, phenylalkanoyl, (substituted phenyl) alkanoyl, or heteroarylalkanoyl.

Abstract: Compounds corresponding to Formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 denotes an acyl group andX denotes hydrogen, halogen, alkoxy, aroxy, SO.sub.3 H or a heterocyclic group attached through --O-- or --N<are prepared form a compound corresponding to Formula II ##STR2## wherein X has the meaning already indicated and Q denotes the group required for completing a dicarbonimide ringby reduction of the said compound to the amino compound and acylation into a compound corresponding to Formula III ##STR3## wherein X, Q and R.sup.1 have the meanings indicatedfollowed by conversion of the compound corresponding to Formula III into a compound corresponding to Formula I by hydrazinolytic or hydrolytic decomposition of the dicarbonimide ring.

Abstract: This invention relates to bleaching compounds and compositions that provide effective and efficient surface bleaching of textiles over a wide range of bleach solution temperatures. The bleaching compounds of the invention yield a peroxyacid with a polar amide link in the hydrophobic chain when used in the bleaching compositions. In a preferred embodiment, the bleaching compositions of the invention are also detergent compositions.