Abstract: The disclosure relates to uses, methods and compositions for the inactivation of pathogens in biological compositions, using a glycol as a pathogen inactivating agent.

Abstract: Processes for separating a di-carboxylic acid or salt thereof from a mixture containing the di-carboxylic acid or salt thereof and one or more other components are provided. Also separation media useful for these separation processes is provided. In particular, processes for preparing an aldaric acid are described, such as glucaric acid from glucose, which includes separating the aldaric acid from the reaction product. Also, various glucaric acid products are described.

Abstract: A continuous process for the oxidative cleavage of vegetable oils containing triglycerides of unsaturated carboxylic acids, to obtain saturated carboxylic acids, comprising feeding to a first continuous reactor a vegetable oil, an oxidizing compound and catalyst capable of catalyzing the oxidation reaction of the olefinic double bond to obtain an intermediate compound containing vicinal diols: feeding to a second continuous reactor said intermediate compound, a compound containing oxygen and a catalyst capable of catalyzing the oxidation reaction of the vicinal diols to carboxylic groups, to obtain saturated monocarboxylic acids (i) and triglycerides containing saturated carboxylic acids with more than one acid function (ii); separating the saturated monocarboxylic acids (i) from the triglycerides (ii); hydrolyzing in a third reactor the triglycerides (ii) to obtain glycerol and saturated carboxylic acids with more than one acid function; and purifying said saturated carboxylic acids by fractioned crystalliza

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the production and purification of glycolic acid or glycolic acid derivatives by the carbonylation of methylene dipropionate in the presence of a solid acid catalyst and propionic acid. This invention discloses hydrocarboxylations and corresponding glycolic acid separations wherein the propionic acid stream is readily removed from the glycolic acid and the propionic acid is recycled.

Abstract: The disclosure provides anionic Gemini surfactants comprising at least two carbonyl moieties and at least two aliphatic moieties. In some aspects, at least two of the aliphatic moieties comprise at least seven carbon atoms and at least one pair of conjugated carbon-to-carbon double bonds. The anionic Gemini surfactants are polymerizable and may be used to prepare triply periodic multiply continuous lyotropic phase and polymers thereof that substantially retain triply periodic multiply continuous lyotropic phase structure.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing carboxylic acids, in particular mono- and dicarboxylic acids, by oxidative cleavage of a vicinal diol. According to the invention, said method consists of reacting a vicinal diol of formula I: where: p is an integer comprised between 1 and 6; R1 and R2 are, separately: an alkyl or hydroxyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms; a —(CH2)n—C02M group where n, which can be identical or different in R1 and R2, is an integer comprised between 1 and 11 and M is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an alkaline cation; or R1 and R2 jointly form an alkylene —(CH2)m- group where m is an integer comprised between 2 and 10, preferably between 2 and 6; with industrial-grade sodium hypochlorite (or bleach), in the absence of an organic solvent and without adding a catalyst, preferably at room temperature. The invention can be used for recycling natural vegetable oils.

Abstract: Recovery of acid, and in particular acetic acid, in a vinyl acetate production process. Vinyl acetate production produces heavy ends that comprise acetate containing compounds, such as monomers and polymers. Acid preferably is recovered by hydrolyzing the heavy ends and separating the resulting hydrolyzed stream to recover acid formed from the from acetate containing compounds.

Abstract: A catalyst and process for the production of acetic acid by the carbonylation of methanol and/or a reactive derivative thereof. The catalyst system comprises an iridium carbonylation catalyst, methyl iodide co-catalyst, optionally at least one of ruthenium, osmium, rhenium, zinc, gallium, tungsten, cadmium, mercury and indium and at least one non-hydrohalogenoic acid promoter. The non-hydrohalogenoic acid may be an oxoacid, a superacid and/or a heteropolyacid.

Abstract: The present invention provides a three step process for the preparation of hydroxy carboxylic acid. The present invention involves the hydroformylation of enol ester (e.g. vinyl acetate) using a cobalt catalyst (e.g. Co2(CO)8), optionally a promoter or a ligand containing O, N, N—O, P, As or Sb atom/s, to obtain a mixture of 2-acetoxy carboxaldehyde (e.g. 2-acetoxy propanal) and 3-acetoxy carboxaldehyde (e.g. 3-acetoxy propanal), oxidizing the product acetoxy carboxyaldehydes to the corresponding acetoxy carboxylic acid, in presence or absence of a Gr. 8 metal catalyst, followed by hydrolyzation of the product acetoxy carboxylic acids to the corresponding desired hydroxy carboxylic acids, in presence of an acidic catalyst and separating the catalyst and reusing it for another hydrolysis step.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing sorbic acid by thermal cleavage in a solvent of the polyester prepared from crotonaldehyde and ketene, the cleavage of the polyester being carried out in the presence of 20 to 100% by weight of a secondary or tertiary aliphatic, alicyclic nitrogen- and/or oxygen-containing amine, or aliphatic-aromatic substituted amine, as catalyst.

Abstract: Novel compounds, N,N′-bis(phosphonomethyl)-N,N′-bis(hydroxycarbonylmethyl)urea and N,N,N′,N′-tetrakis(hydroxycarbonylmethyl)urea, suitable for use in preparing N-acyl aminocarboxylic acids that can be readily converted to N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine are provided. The compounds may be formed by the reaction of bis-(phosophonomethyl)urea or urea respectively with carbon monoxide and formaldehyde in the presence of a carboxymethylation catalyst precursor and solvent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of diacids or mixtures of diacids from aqueous solutions derived from the washing of cyclohexane oxidation products. More specifically, the present invention provides a process for the preparation of aliphatic diacids from washing waters derived from a process for the oxidation of cyclohexane and containing peroxides, the process of the invention comprising successively:(a) at least partially deperoxidizing said washing waters by subjecting them to catalytic hydrogenation at a temperature of between about 0.degree. C. and about 100.degree. C., in the presence of at least one platinum group metal;(b) oxidizing with nitric acid the products contained in the washing waters after deperoxidation.

Abstract: The process for preparing an N-acylaminocarboxylic or N-acylaminosulfonic acid or an alkali metal salt thereof from an alkali metal aminocarboxylate or aminosulfonate and a carboxylic glyceride comprises(a) preparing a suspension of the solid anhydrous alkali metal aminocarboxylate or aminosulfonate in the carboxylic glyceride,(b) adding a strong base to the suspension to form an alkali metal N-acylaminocarboxylate or N-acylaminosulfonate, and(c) if desired, preparing the free N-acylaminocarboxylic or N-acylaminosulfonic acid therefrom in a conventional manner by adding an acid.

Abstract: Catalysts of the formula I?A.sub.a B.sub.b O.sub.x !.sub.p ?C.sub.c D.sub.d Fe.sub.e Co.sub.f E.sub.i F.sub.j O.sub.y !.sub.q I,whereA is bismuth, tellurium, antimony, tin and/or copper,B is molybdenum and/or tungsten,C is an alkali metal, thallium and/or samarium,D is an alkaline earth metal, nickel, copper, cobalt, manganese, zinc, tin, cerium, chromium, cadmium, molybdenum, bismuth and/or mercury,E is phosphorus, arsenic, boron and/or antimony,F is a rare-earth metal, vanadium and/or uranium,a is from 0.01 to 8,b is from 0.1 to 30,c is from 0 to 4,d is from 0 to 20,e is from 0 to 20,f is from 0 to 20,i is from 0 to 6,j is from 0 to 15,x and y are numbers determined by the valency and frequency of the elements other than oxygen in I, and p and q are numbers whose ratio p/q is in the range from 0.001 to 0.

Abstract: Process for the manufacture of xylaric acid, characterized in that it consists of the oxidative degradation of 5-ketogluconic acid in alkaline medium using oxygen or a gas containing it.The xylaric acid obtained is of use as a calcium-chelating agent or as a component of polyhydroxypolyamides or as an intermediate in the synthesis of xylitol.

Abstract: A method of preparing carboxylic acids or esters thereof by the oxidative cleavage of unsaturated fatty acids or esters thereof is carried out in a two-phase aqueous-organic system in which the organic phase contains the unsaturated fatty acid and/or the esters thereof and the aqueous phase contains hydrogen peroxide. The oxidative cleavage is carried out in the presence of a catalytic system including a catalyst belonging to the group constituted by tungstic and molybdic acids and alkaline salts thereof, and an onium salt which acts as a phase-transfer agent for the catalyst, and has the formula:(R.sub.2 R.sub.3 R.sub.4 R.sub.5 M).sup.+ Y.sup.-in which R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 represent hydrocarbon groups of which at least one must have more than 10 carbon atoms,M is N or P, andY.sup.- is an inorganic anion.

Abstract: A process for oxidation of a tetrahydro compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R and R' independently are H, alkyl, aryl or halo, to a glycol of the formula ##STR2## comprises treating the tetrahydro compound with hydrogen peroxide at an elevated temperature under reflux conditions in the absence of a catalyst. The thus-formed glycol can be further oxidized to a butanetetracarboxylic acid of the formula ##STR3## with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of a manganese salt, an iron salt, a chromium salt, a cerium salt, a persulfate, a perborate, a silicate, tungstic acid or an ammonium or alkali metal salt or heteropolyacid thereof, or molybdic acid or an ammonium or alkali metal salt or heteropolyacid thereof.

Abstract: In the oxidation of 2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-butanoic acid in solution in the presence of a ruthenium oxide catalyst to produce 2-oxo-3,3-dimethyl-butanoic acid, the improvement wherein oxidation is effected with oxygen.

Abstract: A process for oxidation of a tetrahydro compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R and R' independently are H, alkyl, aryl or halo, to a glycol of the formula ##STR2## comprises treating the tetrahydro compound with hydrogen peroxide at an elevated temperature in the absence of a catalyst.The thus-formed glycol can be further oxidized in a butanetetracarboxylic acid of the formula ##STR3## with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of a manganese salt, an iron salt, a chromium salt, a cerium salt, a persulfate, a perborate, a silicate, tungstic acid or an ammonium or alkali metal salt or heteropolyacid thereof, or molybdic acid or an ammonium or alkali metal salt or heteropolyacid thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for preparing a polycarboxylic acid, the process comprising subjecting a Diels-Alder reaction product of maleic anhydride and a diene and/or the corresponding acid to oxidative cleavage using hydrogen peroxide in the presence of at least one catalyst selected from the group consisting of tungstic acid, molybdic acid and heteropoly acids thereof.

Abstract: There is described a process for preparing alkyl esters of methyltartronic acid by hydroxylation of methacrylic acid to alpha-methylglyceric acid with H.sub.2 O.sub.2, in an aqueous medium, in the presence of H.sub.2 WO.sub.4 and optionally of H.sub.3 PO.sub.4 or H.sub.3 AsO.sub.4 or alkaline salts thereof as catalysts, at pH<2 and at temperatures of from 50.degree. to 100.degree. C., by subsequent oxidation of alpha-methylglyceric acid to methyltartronic acid with HNO.sub.3 in excess or with O.sub.2, in an aqueous-alkaline medium, in the presence of Pd or Pt carried on carbon or oxides thereof as catalysts, at temperatures of 60.degree.-100.degree. C., and final esterification of methyltartronic acid with alcohols C.sub.1 -C.sub.4.

Abstract: A process for converting .alpha.-hydroxycarboxylic acids to hydroxy free aliphatic carboxylic acids and aldehydes in the presence of a catalyst of the formula:M.sub.a M'.sub.b O.sub.xwhereinM is at least one of an element selected from Group IB, VIB, IVA; andM' is at least one of an element selected from Groups IA, IIA, IVA, VA, VIA, VIIIB, VB.

Abstract: Preparation of 2-keto-aldonic acids, e.g., 2-keto-gluconic acid, by oxidizing an aldose, e.g. glucose, or aldonic acid in aqueous solution with molecular oxygen. Use is made of a platinum catalyst together with a catalytic amount of lead and/or bismuth and/or a compound thereof. The pH of the solution is in the range of from 4 to 12 and preferably in the range of from 7 to 9. The reaction may be carried out at a temperature in the range of 0.degree. to 200.degree. C. and preferably in the range of from 25.degree. to 80.degree. C.

Abstract: Sodium 3,3-dimethyl-2-hydroxybutyrate and ruthenium dioxide hydrate are added to water, the pH rendered alkaline, and sodium hypochlorite is slowly added to produce sodium 3,3-dimethyl-2-oxobutyrate in high yield and purity. The solid catalyst is filtered off and may be re-used while the filtrate can be directly used in further synthesis.

Abstract: An extremely mild, oxidative process for converting alkoxyalkanols to the corresponding acids is disclosed which comprises reacting the alcohol with an alkali metal hydroxide and tert-butyl hydroperoxide in the presence of a catalytic amount of palladium.

Abstract: An improved process for producing adipic acid from the acidic wash waters which arise in the process for oxidizing cyclohexane with air, by treatment with nitric acid at from 10.degree. to 50.degree. C., with removal of the heat of reaction by external cooling, wherein the reaction mixture is led, at a flow velocity of at least 2.0 m/sec, as a thin layer spirally in counter-current to the coolant, under conditions which do not perturb the flow of the reaction mixture.

Abstract: 1,4-Dioxan-2-ones are prepared by contacting carbon monoxide with formaldehyde, a 1,2-glycol, and a catalytic amount of hydrogen fluoride. The products of this reaction are readily converted into diglycolic acids by heating with aqueous caustic in the presence of a nickel catalyst.