Abstract: The present invention relates to an ionic liquid comprising an anion and a cation, wherein the cation is a primary, secondary or tertiary ammonium ion containing a protonated nitrogen atom.

Abstract: Activity-generating delivery molecules comprising the structure R3—(C?O)-Xaa-NH—R4 wherein Xaa is any D- or L-amino acid residue with a non-hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted side chain, R3—(C?O)— and —NH—R4 are independently a long chain group, each long chain group containing one or more carbon-carbon double bonds, and salts, compositions and methods of use thereof. The activity-generating delivery compounds and compositions are useful for generating activity of an active agent in a cell, tissue, or subject.

Abstract: Sphingolipid metabolite mimetics and methods of synthesizing them are provided. The sphingolipid metabolite mimetics are shown to be effective at inducing apoptosis in various types of tumor cells. Further, the sphingolipid metabolite mimetics are shown to be effective at sensitizing multiple types of tumor cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Formulations containing one or more sphingolipid metabolite mimetics and, optionally, one or more cell death receptor agonists are provided. Methods of treating cancer in a subject in need thereof are provided using one or more sphingolipid metabolite mimetics.

Abstract: This disclosure provides a range of amino acid lipid compounds and compositions useful for drug delivery, therapeutics, and the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and conditions. The amino acid lipid compounds and compositions can be used for delivery of various agents such as nucleic acid therapeutics to cells, tissues, organs, and subjects.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a species of peptide and non-peptide inhibitors of Akt, an oncogenic protein. Beginning with a residue of Akt target substrate GSK-3, the functional domains of the GSK-3 residue were characterized. Functionally homologous non-peptide groups were substituted for the amino acids of the GSK-3 creating a hybrid peptide-non-peptide and non-peptide compounds capable of binding to Akt. The non-peptide compounds show increased stability and rigidity compared to peptide counterparts and are less susceptible to degradation. The bound non-peptide compounds exhibit an inhibitory effect on Akt, similar to peptide-based Akt inhibitors.

Abstract: A photosensitive composition comprising: (A) a compound capable of generating a compound having a specific structure upon irradiation with actinic rays or radiation, a pattern forming method using the photosensitive composition, and a compound capable of generating a compound having a specific structure upon irradiation with actinic rays or radiation.

Abstract: Compounds and their syntheses are disclosed herein. Compositions and pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound are also described, and include compositions also comprising liposomes. Methods for the treatment of cancer in animals comprising administering a compound or a composition comprising a compound are also described.

Abstract: An inventive substrate is provided which includes a substrate compound of formula A-B1-B2-B3-B4: wherein A is a sugar moiety; B1 is a linker moiety allowing the conjugation of moiety A and the remaining structure of the substrate; B2 is a linker moiety with a free reactive amino group so as to be available for reaction with carboxylic acids or detectable tags; B3 contains a permanently charged element such as a quaternary ammonium group so as to increase sensitivity for mass spectrometry analysis; and B4 of various carbon length conferring specificity amongst individual substrates in detection methods. Also provided is a molecule of the formula B1-B2-B3-B4, with similar structural characteristics to an enzymatic product produced by the action of a target enzyme on an inventive substrate. Further provided are methods for using inventive substrates for detecting enzymatic activity.

Abstract: A magnesium compound represented by Formula 1 wherein the magnesium compound is dissolvable in an ether solvent, an electrolyte solution for magnesium batteries that includes the magnesium compound and a magnesium battery including the electrolyte solution are provided: wherein, in Formula 1, X1 is a halogen atom; and at least one of X2 and X3 each independently is an electron withdrawing group, wherein, when X2 or X3 is not an electron withdrawing group, X2 or X3 is a hydrogen atom, a C1-C20 alkyl group, or a C6-C20 aryl group.

Abstract: The present invention provides synthetic routes for preparing various isomers of cyclohexane-based coolants, such as menthyl esters and menthanecarboxamide derivatives, in particular those substituted at the amide nitrogen, for example with an aromatic ring or aryl moiety. Such structures have high cooling potency and long lasting sensory effect, which make them useful in a wide variety of consumer products. One synthetic route involves a copper catalyzed coupling of a primary menthanecarboxamide with an aryl halide, such reaction working best in the presence of potassium phosphate and water. Using this synthetic route, specific isomers can be prepared including the menthanecarboxamide isomer having the same configuration as l-menthol and new isomers such as a neoisomer having opposite stereochemistry at the carboxamide (C-1) position. The neoisomer unexpectedly has potent and long lasting cooling effect.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a thermo-responsive draw solute that can be applied to water desalination and purification based on forward osmosis. The thermo-responsive draw solute has a molar mass of 50 to 3000 g/mol and undergoes a phase transition at a temperature of 0° C. to 70° C. The thermo-responsive draw solute creates optimum conditions for the desalination of seawater and the purification of contaminated water based on forward osmosis. The present invention also relates to a method for water desalination and purification using the thermo-responsive draw solute. The method consumes little energy for water desalination or purification, is simple to apply to water desalination or purification, and enables separation of the draw solute in a very easy manner.

Abstract: Compositions and methods useful in administering nucleic acid based therapies, for example association complexes such as liposomes and lipoplexes are described.

Abstract: Compounds including various oligomers of piperlongumine and/or piperlongumine analogues as well as certain piperlongumine analogues that exhibit improved toxicity to cancer cells are disclosed. Also provided are compositions that comprise the compounds, methods of making compositions comprising the compounds, methods of making the compounds, and the use of compounds in methods for treating cancer.

Abstract: Providing a crosslinkable composition and a crosslinking agent is objected to, which are capable forming a crosslinked product that is superior in retort resistance, with suppressed bleeding out from the crosslinked product, and that has favorable interlayer adhesiveness when formed into a multilayered structure crosslinked product. The present invention provides a crosslinkable composition containing (A) a polymer having an SP value of no less than 9.5 (cal/cm3)1/2 and no greater than 16.5 (cal/cm3)1/2, and (B) a crosslinking agent having one or more polar groups that include an oxygen atom and a nitrogen atom not constituting an aromatic ring, and two or more polymerizable groups. The difference between the SP value of the polymer (A) and the SP value of the crosslinking agent (B) is preferably no greater than 2 (cal/cm3)1/2, and more preferably no greater than 1 (cal/cm3)1/2. A decomposition temperature of the crosslinking agent (B) is preferably no less than 240° C.

Abstract: This invention relates to a polyether-amido-amine corn-pound, obtainable by a two-step reaction of a poly-etheramine with an alkyl acrylate and a polyalkyle-neimine, whereas the polyetheramine and the polyalkyleneimine have at least one primary or secondary amine group, in which the first step comprises the reaction of the polyetheramine with the alkyl acrylate and the second step comprises the reaction of the polyalkyleneimine with the product of the first step. The invention also relates to a method for synthesising a polyether-amido-amine compound by a two-step-reaction. Another object of this invention is a curable composition containing at least one polyether-amido-amine-compound of this invention and a method for coating the surface of a substrate or for binding at least two substrates together using such a curable composition.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel separation reagent capable of obtaining a high extraction % of rhodium in a chlorine-based acid solution, which has never existed heretofore, and a method for separating and recovering a platinum group metal using the same. An organic phase composed of an amide-containing tertiary amine separation reagent represented by the structural formula shown below is brought into contact with an acid solution containing a platinum group metal, thereby extracting rhodium, platinum and palladium with the organic phase.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing asphalt is disclosed. The process comprises the steps of: (i) heating bitumen; (ii) heating aggregate; and (iii) mixing the hot bitumen with the hot aggregate in a mixing unit to form asphalt. From 10 to 200 wt % of sulphur, based upon the weight of the bitumen, is added in at least one of the steps (i), (ii) or (iii) and from 0.1 to 20 wt % of a compound of formula A, based upon the weight of the bitumen, is added in at least one of the steps (i), (ii) or (iii). R1 and R2 are independently chosen from C6-C30 alkyl or alkenyl.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds, compositions and methods for systemic and local delivery of biologically active molecules.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds which are modulators of TNF-? signaling and methods of use thereof for treating a patient having a TNF-? mediated condition.

Abstract: Provided is a preventive and/or therapeutic agent for malaria, comprising, as an active ingredient, 5-acetamido-4-oxo-5-hexenoic acid (Alaremycin) or a derivative thereof. A preventive and/or therapeutic agent for malaria is used which comprises, as an active ingredient, Alaremycin or a derivative thereof represented by formula (I) (wherein R1 represents a hydroxy group, an amino group, or a substituted or unsubstituted straight chain or branched alkoxy group or alkylamino group having 1 to 8 carbons; R2 represents hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted straight chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbons, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 4 to 10 carbons; and R3 represents hydrogen or a methyl group).

Abstract: The invention relates to use of a diacetylene compound as a color former wherein the diacetylene compound has one of general formulae (I) to (V). The invention also includes methods of imparting color to a material including a compound as defined above, which comprises subjecting the material to irradiation.

Abstract: A method of imparting colour to a plastic substrate comprising applying to the substrate, or incorporating within the substrate, a diacetylene compound of general formula (I) wherein n=1 to 20; R1=an optionally substituted C1-20 alkyl group which may contain heteroatoms; T=H, an optionally substituted C1-20 alkyl group which may contain heteroatoms or —(CH2)m—C(?O)-Q2R2; Q1=NH, CO, NHCONH, OCONH, COS, NHCSNH or NR3, wherein m, Q2 and R2 are independently selected from the same groups as n, Q1 and R1 respectively; R3 is an optionally substituted C1-20 alkyl group which may contain heteroatoms; and irradiating the substrate to impart colour to the substrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to processes for the preparation of crystalline polymorphic forms of lacosamide (Formula I), including processes for inter-conversion among such polymorphic forms.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are coating solutions comprising a reactive monomer, process and compositions for preparing the same that are suitable for a coating and/or reactive coating. More particularly, the present invention relates to monomers comprising a multifunctional N-vinylformamide crosslinking moiety and their use in coatings. Also disclosed are applications and compositions comprising coating solutions of a reactive monomer and its application in printing processes and inks.

Abstract: Provided are an epoxy resin curing agent having excellent properties and high gas barrier capability that epoxy resin has and, in addition thereto, capable of realizing good adhesiveness to polyester and aluminium; an epoxy resin composition containing the curing agent; an adhesive for lamination including the composition as the main ingredient thereof; and a laminate film, a multilayer wrapping material and a wrapping bag using the adhesive. The epoxy resin curing agent comprises a reaction product of the following (A), (B) and (C): (A) meta-xylylenediamine or para-xylylenediamine, (B) a polyfunctional compound having one acyl group and capable of forming an amide group moiety through reaction with a polyamine and forming an oligomer, (C) a metal (meth)acrylate salt with a divalent or more polyvalent metal.

Abstract: Providing a crosslinkable composition and a crosslinking agent is objected to, which are capable forming a crosslinked product that is superior in retort resistance, with suppressed bleeding out from the crosslinked product, and that has favorable interlayer adhesiveness when formed into a multilayered structure crosslinked product. The present invention provides a crosslinkable composition containing (A) a polymer having an SP value of no less than 9.5 (cal/cm3)1/2 and no greater than 16.5 (cal/cm3)1/2, and (B) a crosslinking agent having one or more polar groups that include an oxygen atom and a nitrogen atom not constituting an aromatic ring, and two or more polymerizable groups. The difference between the SP value of the polymer (A) and the SP value of the crosslinking agent (B) is preferably no greater than 2 (cal/cm3)1/2, and more preferably no greater than 1 (cal/cm3)1/2. A decomposition temperature of the crosslinking agent (B) is preferably no less than 240° C.

Abstract: The present invention provides arachidonic acid (AA) analogs and compositions containing those analogs as active agents for use in analgesic treatments. Various methods of manufacturing the inventive compounds are provided and pharmaceutical formulations, including injectable and oral dosages, are described. Certain analogs are additionally useful as antipyretic compositions and in related fever reducing treatments.

Abstract: The invention relates to pharmaceutical chemistry notably to new biologically active substances (BAS) and their properties. In particular, the invention relates to Creatine derivatives having a general formula: NH?C(NH2)—N(CH3)—CH2—CO—NH—R*X, wherein R—amino acid residue of aliphatic, aromatic or heteroaromatic L-amino acid or its derivative representing a salts of amino acid, amino acid esters, amino acid amides or peptides; X—lower organic or mineral acid or water. New substances are prepared by interaction of aforesaid amides of sarcosine having a general formula of HN(CH3)—CH2—CO—NH—R*X, wherein: R is amino acid residue or substituted amino acid residue; X is low-molecular-weight organic acid or mineral acid or water, with a guanidinylating agents with the in organic solvents at temperature not exceeding 50° C. New chemical compounds can be used as a remedy possessing a neuroprotective activity.

Abstract: A method for producing a diamine includes purifying a diamine from an aqueous solution containing a diamine salt by adding an alkaline substance to the aqueous solution and then filtering the resulting solution by allowing the solution to pass through a nanofiltration membrane to remove the salt, thereby obtaining an aqueous diamine solution.

Abstract: Ghrelin O-acyltransferase (GOAT) is inhibited with designed small molecules of the general formula: Methods comprise contacting the GOAT with an inhibitor and detecting a resultant inhibition.

Abstract: Activity-generating delivery molecules comprising the structure R3—(C?O)-Xaa-NH—R4 wherein Xaa is any D- or L-amino acid residue with a non-hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted side chain, R3—(C?O)— and —NH—R4 are independently a long chain group, each long chain group containing one or more carbon-carbon double bonds, and salts, compositions and methods of use thereof. The activity-generating delivery compounds and compositions are useful for generating activity of an active agent in a cell, tissue, or subject.

Abstract: Preventing skin aging by targeting multiple causes by a single bullet is of primal scientific and consumer interest.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds capable of facilitating transport of biologically active agents or substances into cells having the general structure: wherein Q is selected from the group consisting of N, O and S; L is any bivalent organic radical capable of linking each Q, such as C, CH, (CH2)l, or {(CH2)i-Y—(CH2)j}k, wherein Y is selected from the group consisting of CH2, an ether, a polyether, an amide, a polyamide, an ester, a sulfide, a urea, a thiourea, a guanidyl, a carbamoyl, a carbonate, a phosphate, a sulfate, a sulfoxide, an imine, a carbonyl, and a secondary amino group and wherein Y is optionally substituted by —X1-L?-X2—Z or —Z; R1-R6, independently of one another, are selected from the group consisting of H, —(CH2)p-D-Z, an alkyl, an alkenyl, an aryl, and an alkyl or alkyl ether optionally substituted by one or more of an alcohol, an aminoalcohol, an amine, an amide, an ether, a polyether, a polyamide, an ester, a mercaptan, an alkylthio, a urea, a thiourea, a guanidyl, or a carbamoyl group, and

Abstract: The disclosure provides, in part, compositions of perfluoro polyether compounds and associated methods for producing cellular labels for tracking cells by MRI and methods for labeling, detecting and quantifying cell numbers in vivo.

Abstract: Disclosed are cationic lipid compounds and compositions of lipid aggregates for delivery of macromolecules and other compounds into cells. The compounds can be used alone or in combination with other compounds to prepare liposomes and other lipid aggregates suitable for transfection or delivery of compounds to target cells, either in vitro or in vivo. The compounds are preferably polycationic and preferably form highly stable complexes with various anionic macromolecules, particularly polyanions such as nucleic acids. These compounds have the property, when dispersed in water, of forming lipid aggregates which associate strongly, via their cationic portion, with polyanions. Also disclosed are intermediates for preparing the compound and compositions of the invention and methods of using the compounds to introduce other compounds into cells.

Abstract: Disclosed are ?-amino acids that are unsubstituted in the ? position; that are substituted in the ? position with an aryl group; that are substituted in the ? position with an aryl group; that bear two substituents in the ? position; and/or that are substituted in the ? and ? positions with groups which, together with the carbon atoms at the ? and ? positions, form a ring. Also disclosed are methods for making the above-mentioned ?-amino acids and other ?-amino acids which involve providing an ?,?-unsaturated imide; converting the ?,?-unsaturated imide to a 2-substituted-isoxazolidin-5-one; and converting the 2-substituted-isoxazolidin-5-one to a ?-amino acid.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to alkanal derivatives of water-soluble polymers such as poly(ethylene glycol), their corresponding hydrates and acetals, and to methods for preparing and using such polymer alkanals. The polymer alkanals of the invention are prepared in high purity and exhibit storage stability.

Abstract: A composition is disclosed comprising a hydrophobic monomer having the structure: CH2?CR4C(O)NHC(R1R1)(C(R1R1))nC(O)XR3 wherein n is an integer of 0 or 1; R1 is independently selected from at least one of: a hydrogen atom, alkyls aryls, and alkylaryls, wherein the alkyls, aryls, and alkylaryls have a total of 10 carbon atoms or less; R3 is a hydrophobic group selected from at least one of: alkyls, aryls, alkylaryls and ethers, wherein the alkyls, aryls, alkylaryls and ethers have a total number of carbon atoms ranging from 4 to 30; R4 H or CH3; X is O or NH. In some embodiments the hydrophobic monomer is derived from an amine or an alcohol (HXR3) that has a hydrophilicity index of 25 or less. A polymerizable composition comprising the hydrophobic monomer is disclosed, which optionally may comprise a cross-linking monomer and/or a non-cross-linking monomer.

Abstract: Deuterium isobaric tag reagents are provided for the quantitation of biomolecules, where the reagents contain heavy isotope atoms, including one or more 2H in each reagent. Generally, the reagents are described by the formula: reporter group—balancer group—reactive group, wherein the reporter group and the balancer group are linked by an MS/MS scissionable bond. Each of the reporter group and balancer groups independently contain 0 to 9 heavy isotope atoms selected from 13C, 15N and 2H and the total number of 2H atoms in each reagent is 1 to 6. The mass of the reporter group is from 114-123 Daltons. Exemplary deuterium isobaric tag reagents include Di-ART, DiART-t-I, DiART-t-Br and DiART-t-M. Also provided are compositions containing more than one deuterium isobaric tag reagent and methods for making and using deuterium isobaric tag reagents.

Abstract: A compound which undergoes a color change upon irradiation, and which has the general structure: X—C?C—C?C—Y—(CO)n-QZ wherein X is H, alkyl or —Y—(CO)n-QW; each Y is the same or a different divalent alkylene group; Q is O, S or NR; R is H or alkyl; W is H, alkyl or Z; each Z is the same or a different unsaturated alkyl group; and each n is 0 or 1.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds having either agonist or antagonist activities for the neurotrophins NGF and BDNF and represented by monomeric or dimeric substituted dipeptides that are analogs of the exposed portions of loop 1 or loop 4 regions of these neurotrophins near or at a beta-turn of the respective loop. N-acylated substituents of these dipeptides are biostereoisomers of the amino acid residues preceding these dipeptide sequences in the neurotrophin primary structure. The dimeric structure is produced advantageously by using hexamethylenediamine to which dipeptides are attached via their carboxyl groups. The claimed compounds displayed neuroprotective and differentiation-inducing activities in cellular models and enhanced the amount of phosphorylated tyrosine kinase A and the heat shock proteins Hsp32 and Hsp70 in the concentration range of 10?9 to 10?5 M.

Abstract: Acid-labile poly(N-vinyl formamide) (“PNVF”) nanocapsules were synthesized by free radical polymerization of N-vinyl formamide with optional active ingredients on the surface of silica nanoparticles. Polymerization in the presence of a novel cross-linker that contains an acid-labile ketal facilitated stable etching of silica nanoparticle templates using sodium hydroxide and recovery of PNVF nanocapsules. The formamido side group of PNVF was then hydrolyzed by extended exposure to sodium hydroxide to produce polyvinylamine (“PVAm”) nanocapsules. PNVF and PVAm nanoparticles are also synthesized that form nanogels with optional active ingredients.

Abstract: The present invention provides new antifibrillogenic agents and peptides, compositions and cells containing same, compositions that bind to same, effective therapeutics for preventing or delaying the progression of, e.g., Alzheimer's disease and diabetes, methods for optimizing antifibrillogenic agents, and methods of using the antifibrillogenic agents, peptides, compositions, and cells of the invention for detecting and/or inhibiting amyloid fibril formation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an ionic liquid comprising an anion and a cation, wherein the cation is a primary, secondary or tertiary ammonium ion containing a protonated nitrogen atom.

Abstract: Ghrelin O-acyltransferase (GOAT) is inhibited with designed small molecules. Methods comprise contacting the GOAT with an inhibitor and detecting a resultant inhibition.

Abstract: Viscoelastic compositions are disclosed herein containing an effective amount of one or more random or structurally defined polycationic quaternary ammonium compounds for controlling the viscoelasticity of the composition. In one aspect, the present technology provides polycationic quaternary ammonium compounds that comprise bis-quaternary compound. The bis-quaternary compounds of the present technology can be symmetric or dissymmetric. In another aspect, the present technology provides viscoelastic well bore treatment fluids comprising water, and at least one polycationic quaternary ammonium compound that comprises a bis-quaternary compound. In another aspect, the present technology provides polycationic carboxylates. Preferred viscoelastic compositions of the present technology maintain viscoelasticity at a temperature greater than about 80° C., preferably greater than about 100° C. or 110° C.

Abstract: The invention relates to use of a diacetylene compound as a colour former wherein the diacetylene compound has one of general formulae (I) to (V). The invention also includes methods of imparting colour to a material including a compound as defined above, which comprises subjecting the material to irradiation.

Abstract: This disclosure provides a range of amino acid lipid compounds and compositions useful for drug delivery, therapeutics, and the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and conditions. The amino acid lipid compounds and compositions can be used for delivery of various agents such as nucleic acid therapeutics to cells, tissues, organs, and subjects.

Abstract: The disclosed invention provides new polyamine analogs and derivatives containing a hydrophobic region and a polyamine region as well as methods and compositions for their use.

Abstract: The invention relates to tuned multifunctional linker molecules for charge transport through organic-inorganic composite structures. The problem underlying the present invention is to provide multifunctional linker molecules for tuning the conductivity in nanoparticle-linker assemblies which can be used in the formation of electronic networks and circuits and thin films of nanoparticles. The problem is solved according to the invention by providing a multifunctional linker molecule of the general structure CON1-FUNC1-X-FUNC2-CON2 in which X is the central body of the molecule, FUNC1 and FUNC2 independently of each other are molecular groups introducing a dipole moment and/or capable of forming inter-molecular and/or intramolecular hydrogen bonding networks, and CON1 and CON2 independently of each other are molecular groups binding to nanostructured units comprising metal and semiconductor materials.