Abstract: Provided herein is a composition for forming a metal deposit on a substrate. The composition consists essentially of a carboxamide, trialkylamine chloride, and a metal salt. The carboxamide comprises Formula (I). The trialkylamine chloride and the carboxamide are in molar ratio between 1:1 and 1:30 to form an ionic liquid. The trialkylamine chloride is trimethylamine chloride (TMACl), triethylamine chloride (TEACl), triethanolamine chloride, or combinations thereof. The metal salt has the formula MXy, wherein M is a metal, X is a halide, and y is an oxidation number of M, the metal salt being in a concentration between about 0.2 and about 1.5 moles per liter of the ionic liquid. The metal deposit has an average grain size between about 0.2 ?m and about 3 ?m and contains less than about 1 mol % of each oxygen, carbon, and chlorine.

Abstract: The surfactants which can be produced from the trialkylamine intermediates include the quaternary ammonium compounds of formula:

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a fine cellulose fiber dispersion liquid includes: an oxidation process in which a cellulose is subjected to an oxidation treatment to obtain an oxidized cellulose; and a dispersion process in which the oxidized cellulose obtained in the oxidation process is subjected to a dispersion treatment in a water-based medium in which a pH thereof is adjusted to 4 to 12 using either an ammonia water or an organic alkali to obtain the fine cellulose fiber dispersion liquid.

Abstract: Composition and method for treating and/or preventing biological contamination using a biocide composition comprising at least one quaternary ammonium compound and urea. The method includes drying urea, and thereafter combining at least one quaternary ammonium compound and urea and may produce a potent biocide composition that is stable and able to chemically treat biological contamination in a variety of difficult to reach locations. Uses of the composition are also described.

Abstract: A semiconductor thin-film and method for producing a semiconductor thin-films comprising a metallic salt, an ionic compound in a non-aqueous solution mixed with a solvent and processing the stacked layer in chalcogen that results in a CZTS/CZTSS thin films that may be deposited on a substrate is disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to highly active and selective catalysts for alkyne metathesis. In one aspect, the invention includes a multidentate organic ligand wherein one substrate-binding site of the metal center is blocked. In another aspect, the invention includes N-quaternized or silane-based multidentate organic ligands, capable of binding to metals. In yet another aspect, the invention includes N-quaternized or silane-based multidentate catalysts. The catalysts of the invention show high robustness, strong resistance to small alkyne polymerization and significantly enhanced catalytic activity compared to their corresponding non-quaternized or non-silane-based multidentate catalyst analogs.

Abstract: As shown by the following formula (1), after methyl laurate (2 mmol) and water (8 mL) are added to an ammonium pyrosulfate catalyst (5 mol %), a hydrolysis reaction of methyl laurate is carried out by heating for 24 hours at 60° C. while stirring is performed, so that lauric acid can be obtained with a yield of 86%.

Abstract: A process for preparing N-[(1R)-1-(1-naphthyl)ethyl]-3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]propan-1-amine hydrochloride salt of formula (I) i.e. Cinacalcet hydrochloride and its intermediates of formulae (VII) and (VIII) wherein Z is chloride or another pharmaceutically acceptable anionic counterion.

Abstract: An agent for the oxidative dyeing of keratinous fibres is provided. The agent contains, as a developer-type oxidation dye precursor, a compound of Formula (I) that carries at least one cationic charge in Y.

Abstract: A polishing composition of the present invention is used for polishing an object containing a phase-change alloy and is characterized by containing an ionic additive. Examples of the ionic additive include a cationic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, an amphoteric surfactant, and a cationic water-soluble polymer.

Abstract: A photoresponsive ionic organic compound of formula (I); a method of producing the same; a photoresponsive carbon nanotube (CNT) dispersant; a CNT dispersion containing the dispersant; and a method of separating a CNT from the dispersion: wherein R1, R2, and R3 each represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group; A represents —CH— or a nitrogen atom; X represents an anion; and n is a number to give a charge of ?2 to nX.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a compound of formula (1): where R1 through R8, which can be identical or different from each other, each are selected from of the group comprising hydrogen and the radical —(CH2)k—X, where k is a whole number from 1 to 20 and where X is an organic radical comprising a) at least one neutral, protonizable nitrogen atom and/or b) at least one positively charged nitrogen atom, under the provision that at least 1 radical R1 through R8 is not hydrogen. The invention further relates to the production and use of said compound.

Abstract: Tissue matrices having anti-microbial properties are provided. In certain embodiments, the tissue matrices include cationic anti-microbial agents that form a stable bond with the tissue matrices without adversely affecting the biologic properties of the tissue matrices.

Abstract: Disclosed is an organic electronic material comprising charge transporting compounds and ionic compounds having electron-accepting properties and high solubility in a solvent. The organic electronic material is characterized by comprising charge transporting compounds and ionic compounds, and in that at least one of the ionic compounds is any one kind of compounds represented by general formulas (1b)-(3b). (In the formulas Y1-Y6 each independently represent a divalent linking group, R1-R6 each independently represent an electron-attracting organic substituent (these structures can further have substituents and hetero-atoms, and R1, R2 and R3, or, R4-R6 can respectively combine and become a ring shape or a polymer shape) and L+ represents a monovalent cation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition and method for inhibiting the formation of naphthenate solids in a liquid hydrocarbon. The method includes contacting a composition including a rosin amine having a formula (I): or (II): where formula (AA): represents a single or double bond; R1, R2 and R5 each independently represent H, alkyl, alkenyl or an alkynyl group each having between one and ten carbon atoms, —(R3O)nR4 wherein R3 is an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms and R4 is H, alkyl, alkenyl or an alkynyl group each having between one and ten carbon atoms; n is an integer between 5 and 50; X is a halide, sulphate, phosphate or acetate ion; and a demulsifier intermediate with the liquid hydrocarbon.

Abstract: Amines and amine derivatives that improve the buffering range, and/or reduce the chelation and other negative interactions of the buffer and the system to be buffered. The reaction of amines or polyamines with various molecules to form polyamines with differing pKa's will extend the buffering range, derivatives that result in polyamines that have the same pKa yields a greater buffering capacity. Derivatives that result in zwitterionic buffers improve yield by allowing a greater range of stability.

Abstract: Provided is a phase transfer catalyst for producing an aromatic aldehyde compound, comprising a compound of formula I, wherein R1 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, isobutyl or tertbutyl; R4, R5 and R6 are independently selected from alkyl groups containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms; and X is fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine.

Abstract: The present invention relates to quinolinium antiinfective agents in which the qunolinium nucleus is fused to an indole ring or the qunolinium nucleus is linked to a cyclic structure through an opened indole or a benzothiophene or benzofuran ring. The compound is further substituted with various substituent groups. The compounds are represented by formula (I), (II) and (III): Pharmaceutical compositions and methods of use are also included.

Abstract: Compounds of formulas: are disclosed. The compounds are useful for ameliorating the side effects of therapeutic opiates.

Abstract: Viscoelastic compositions are disclosed herein containing an effective amount of one or more random or structurally defined polycationic quaternary ammonium compounds for controlling the viscoelasticity of the composition. In one aspect, the present technology provides polycationic quaternary ammonium compounds that comprise bis-quaternary compound. The bis-quaternary compounds of the present technology can be symmetric or dissymmetric. In another aspect, the present technology provides viscoelastic well bore treatment fluids comprising water, and at least one polycationic quaternary ammonium compound that comprises a bis-quaternary compound. In another aspect, the present technology provides polycationic carboxylates. Preferred viscoelastic compositions of the present technology maintain viscoelasticity at a temperature greater than about 80° C., preferably greater than about 100° C. or 110° C.

Abstract: This invention relates to a bipolar antimicrobial particle for use in laundry detergent compositions, fabric conditioners, personal care and cosmetic compositions and a process for making the same. In view of the foregoing, it is an object of the present invention to provide a stabile antimicrobial agent immobilised on a carrier particle. It is a further objective to provide an antimicrobial particle with improved retention to the fabric so that larger amounts of antimicrobial will be available even after rinsing. Surprisingly it has been found that antimicrobial molecules tagged by surface reaction onto naturally occurring asymmetric clay surfaces, act as an antimicrobial particle with improved retention properties with improved stability.

Abstract: A method for preparing optically active methyl 4-(1-ammoniumethyl)benzoate sulfate by reacting racemic methyl 4-(1-aminoethyl)benzoate with an acylating agent in the presence of a lipase to give methyl 4-(1-aminoethyl)benzoate and subsequently precipitating methyl 4-(1-ammoniumethyl)benzoate sulfate by adding sulfuric acid.

Abstract: The invention provides a surfactant and/or a cleaning composition comprising a microbially produced branched fatty alcohol or a derivative thereof. The invention also provides a household cleaning composition and a personal or pet care cleaning composition comprising a microbially produced branched fatty alcohol or a derivative thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel cationic lipids, transfection agents, microparticles, nanoparticles, and short interfering nucleic acid (siNA) molecules. The invention also features compositions, and methods of use for the study, diagnosis, and treatment of traits, diseases and conditions that respond to the modulation of gene expression and/or activity in a subject or organism. Specifically, the invention relates to novel cationic lipids, microparticles, nanoparticles and transfection agents that effectively transfect or deliver biologically active molecules.

Abstract: The present invention provides an agent that modulates physiological condition of pests, wherein the agent has an ability to modulate the activity of an insect choline acetyltransferase; a method for assaying pesticidal activity of a test substance, which comprises measuring the activity of a choline acetyltransferase in a reaction system in which the choline acetyltransferase contacts with a test substance, and the like.

Abstract: An aqueous solution containing a quaternary ammonium salt as a guest compound of a clathrate hydrate, having a property of producing the clathrate hydrate when cooled, and further containing a phosphate of an alkali metal added thereto. A clathrate hydrate produced by cooling an aqueous solution containing a quaternary ammonium salt and a phosphate of an alkali metal, wherein the quaternary ammonium salt is the guest compound.

Abstract: An 'onium salt, e.g. a quaternary ammonium salt, of an anionic dye may be prepared by mixing an aqueous solution of a salt of the dye with a solution of a water-insoluble 'onium salt in an organic solvent, and separating a solution of the 'onium salt of the anionic dye in the organic solvent from the residual aqueous solution.

Abstract: Disclosed are a carbon nano-tube (CNT) thin film treated with chemical having an electron withdrawing functional group and a manufacturing method thereof. Specifically, the CNT thin film comprises a CNT composition to be applied on a plastic substrate. The CNT composition comprises a CNT; and chemical connected to the CNT and having an electron withdrawing functional group. In addition, the method for manufacturing a CNT thin film comprises steps of preparing a CNT; treating the CNT with chemical having an electron withdrawing functional group; mixing the CNT treated with the chemical with a dispersing agent or dispersing solvent to prepare a CNT dispersed solution; and forming a CNT thin film with the CNT dispersed solution. According to the CNT thin film and the manufacturing method thereof, a resistance of an electrode is decreased to improve the electric conductivity of the electrode.

Abstract: Novel compositions are provided containing a compound represented by the formula YOSF5 or ZOSF5, where: (a) Y is: (i) an organic cation other than (Me2N)3S+ or (ii) an inorganic cation, provided that when Y is the inorganic cation, the composition further includes a complexing agent; and (b) Z is C1-20 alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, combinations thereof, or analogues thereof containing at least one heteroatom, provided that the compound represented by the formula ZOSF5 is a molecular compound. Processes of making the cationic compounds are disclosed as are processes for using the compositions containing cationic compounds in nucleophilic replacement reactions to prepare the compositions containing molecular compounds including the OSF5 group.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds containing organofluorochlorophosphate anions, the preparation thereof and the use thereof, in particular as ionic liquids.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a rotaxane compound that can be used to separate molecules within a linkage layer formed on a solid substrate of a biochip by a predetermined distance. The compound is represented by Formula 1, in which a compound of Formula 3 vertically passes through a cavity of cucurbituril or its derivative of Formula 2. It further provides gene chips, protein chips and sensors for biomaterial assays which use the rotaxane molecules to allow biomaterials to be immobilized on a linkage layer such that they are regularly spaced apart from each other by a predetermined distance.

Abstract: The present invention describes a synthetic non-viral vector composition for gene therapy and the use of such compositions for in vitro, ex vivo and/or in vivo transfer of genetic material. The invention proposes a pharmaceutical composition containing 1) a non-cationic amphiphilic molecule or macromolecule and its use for delivery of nucleic acids or 2) a cationic amphiphilic molecule or macromolecule that transforms from a cationic entity to an anionic, neutral, or zwitterionic entity by a chemical, photochemical, or biological reaction and its use for delivery of nucleic acids. Moreover this invention describes the use of these non-viral vector compositions in conjunction with a surface to mediate the delivery of nucleic acids. An additional embodiment is the formation of a hydrogel with these compositions and the use of this hydrogel for the delivery of genetic material. A further embodiment of this invention is the use of a change in ionic strength for the delivery of genetic material.

Abstract: An 'onium salt, e.g. a quaternary ammonium salt, of an anionic dye maybe prepared by mixing an aqueous solution of a salt of the dye with a solution of a water-insoluble 'onium salt in an organic solvent, and separating a solution of the 'onium salt of the anionic dye in the organic solvent from the residual aqueous solution.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel inorganic acid salts of sibutramine, which have good physicochemical properties, and crystalline forms thereof. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds as effective ingredients, methods of preparing the compounds, and the use of the compounds.

Abstract: Disclosed is a novel sulphonic acid salt of sibutramine, which has good physicochemical properties. Also disclosed are a method of preparing the compound and a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound.

Abstract: Disclosed is a novel dicarboxylic acid salt of sibutramine, which has good physicochemical properties. Also disclosed are a method of preparing the compound and a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound.

Abstract: A quaternary ammonium composition is claimed which essentially consists of a) a cationic compound with general formula: wherein R1 is C8-C22-alkyl, C8-C22-alkenyl, C8-C22-alkylamidopropyl, C8-C22-alkenyl-amidopropyl, C8-C22-alkyl/alkenyl(poly)alkoxyalkyl, C8-C22-alkanoylethyl or C8-C22-alkenoylethyl, R2, R3 and R4 are C1—C22-alkyl, C2-C22-alkenyl or a group of the formula -A-(OA)n-OH, A is —C2H4— and/or —C3H6—, n is a number from 0 to 20 and X is an anion, b) water and c) a non-ionic solvent of the general formula R—O-(AO)nH, where R is hydrogen, alkyl or alkenyl containing 8 to 22 carbon atoms, or phenyl, A is C2H4 and/or C3H6 and n is a number from 0 to 20, which composition is characterized in that it contains less than 20% by weight of water.

Abstract: The photobase generator of the invention is represented by the following formula 1: wherein Ar, R, A+ and X? are as defined in the specification. Since the photobase generator of the formula 1 absorbs ultraviolet lights of relatively long wavelength and is photolyzed to generate a strong base efficiently, a composition containing the photobase generator and an episulfide compound is easily cured by polymerization under ultraviolet irradiation.

Abstract: Chromophores having two-photon or other multi-photon absorptivity. The chromophores are based on a structure of four stilbenoid groups attached to a paracyclophane core, where each stilbenoid group comprises a nitrogen-containing organic group attached by its nitrogen atom to a stilbenoid arm. In particular embodiments, at least one of the stilbenoid groups includes a sulfonium, ammonium, selenium, iodonium or phosphonium moiety. The chromophores have utility as photo-polymerization initiators and two-photon fluorophores for biological imaging.

Abstract: Ionic compounds having a freezing point of no more than 50° C., formed by the reaction of at least one amine salt of the formula R1R2R3R4N+X? (I) with at least one hydrated salt, which is a chloride, nitrate, sulphate or acetate of Li, Mg, Ca, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Bi, La or Ce; wherein R1, R2 and R3 are each independently a C1 to C5 alkyl or a C6 to C10 cycloalkyl group, or wherein R2 and R3 taken together represent a C4 to C10 alkylene group, thereby forming with the N atom of formula (I) a 5 to 11 membered heterocyclic ring, and wherein R4 is hydrogen, or phenyl, or C1 to C12 alkyl or cycloalkyl group, optionally substituted with at least one group selected from OH, Cl, Br, F, I, phenyl, NH2, CN, NO2, COOR5, CHO, COR5 and OR5, wherein R5 is a C1 to C10 alkyl or cycloalkyl group, and X? is an anion capable of being complexed by the said hydrated salt.

Abstract: Ionic compounds with a freezing point of up to 100° C. are formed by the reaction of an one amine salt of formula (I) R1R2R3R4N+X?, such as choline chloride with an organic compound (II) capable of forming a hydrogen bond with X; such as urea, wherein the molar ration of I to II is from 1:1.5 to 1:2.5. R1, R2, R3 and R4 may be H, optionally substituted C1 to C5 alkyl, optionally substituted C6 to C10 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C6 to C12 aryl, optionally substituted C7 to C12 alkaryl, or R1 and R2 taken together may represent a C4 to C10 optionally substituted alkylene group, thereby forming with the N atom of formula I a 5 to 11-membered heterocyclic ring and all of R1, R2, R3 and R4 are not identical, X? may be NO3?, F, Cl?, Br?, I?, BF4?, ClO4?, CN?, SO3CF3?, or COOCF3?. The ionic compounds are useful as solvents, and electrolytes for example in electroplating, electrowinning, and electropolishing, and as catalysts.

Abstract: The invention relates to a chemical compound of formula (I), wherein M1 represents an element selected from main groups II, III or IV of the periodic table of elements; x is equal to 1, 2, 3 or 4; y is equal to 2, 3 or 4, and; A represents a cation of main group V of the periodic table of elements; R1 is the same or different and represents a branched or unbranched linear or cyclic C1–C40 group that contains carbon; R2 is the same or different and represents a branched or unbranched linear or cyclic C1–C40 group that contains carbon; R3 represents a branched or unbranched linear or cyclic C1–C40 group that contains carbon, and; R4 represents a hydrogen atom; whereby R2 and R3 are always different from one another

Abstract: This invention provides a method of preparing a quaternary ammonium hydroxide compound having the formula (NR1R2R3R4)OH, wherein R1 and R2 are independently C1–C4 alkyl; R3 is benzyl or a C1–C20 alkyl or a C1–C20 aryl-sutstituted alkyl; R4 is a C8–C20 alkyl. The method includes the step of reacting a quaternary ammonium compound having the formula (NR1R2R3R4)+X?, wherein R1, R2, R3, and R4 are as defined above and X is Br or Cl, with a metal hydroxide in an aminoalcohol solvent to yield the quaternary ammonium hydroxide. The reaction forms metal bromide and/or metal chloride as a byproduct. The metal byproducts and excess metal hydroxide (if any) can be removed by methods known in the art. According to one preferred embodiment, the reaction of the quaternary ammonium compound with the metal hydroxide is performed in an anhydrous environment (i.e., with no water present).

Abstract: A low-viscosity polyisocyanate of reduced color, containing isocyanurate groups is prepared by partially trimerizing an aliphatic and/or cycloaliphatic diisocyanate in the presence of 0.02 to 2% weight, based on the weight of the diisocyanate starting material, of at least one trimerization catalyst containing a quarternary amine component and then removing excess diisocyanate from the reaction medium.

Abstract: A quaternary ammonium hydroxycarboxylate is produced by quaternizing a tertiary amine with a hydroxycarboxylic ester represented by the following Formula 1: wherein R1 to R3 are as defined in the disclosure. By using only one tertiary amine having at least one substituent different from R1 of the ester moiety of the hydroxycarboxylic ester and by controlling the reaction conditions, a mixture of quaternary ammonium hydroxycarboxylates having different quaternary ammonium ions is produced. By reacting an inorganic acid with the quaternary ammonium hydroxycarboxylate or its mixture, a quaternary ammonium salt of inorganic acid or its mixture is produced.

Abstract: The present invention relates to laundry detergent compositions which provide enhanced hydrophilic soil cleaning benefits comprising a zwitterionic polyamine, a surfactant system comprising a mid-chain branched surfactant, and carrier and other adjunct ingredients.

Abstract: The present invention relates to detergent compositions comprising a polyamine with defined end capping units and a mid-chain branched surfactant and also optionally containing a bleach agent, aluminosilicate, silicate, and/or detersive enzyme.

Abstract: The invention relates to chiral ionic liquids of the general formula [A]n+[Y]n?, whereby n=1 or 2, the anion [Y]n? is the anion of an organic or inorganic proton acid and the cation [A]+ an optically active organic ammonium cation with up to 50 carbon atoms, at least one chirality center and at least one functional group that can produce a coordination by forming hydrogen bridges or by providing free electron pairs. At least one chirality center is provided with a distance of up to 5 atomic bonds from the functional group. The invention also relates to a method for producing said chiral ionic liquids and to the use thereof in methods for the asymmetric synthesis, the asymmetric catalysis and for separating racemates.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of formula (I), prepared by quaternising a compound (II) by means of at least one compound R3—X?: R1=H or —CH3; R2=—CH3; —C2H5; —C3H7 or —C4H9; and compound (I) is optionally quaternised on one of the nitrogens, which is symbolised by the fact that the R3, X?and ? associated with this nitrogen are shown between brackets; if compound (I) is quaternised on a single nitrogen, R3 and X? have the following meanings: (1) R3=—CH3 or —CH2C6H5; and X?=Cl? or CH3OSO3?; or (2) R3=a C1-C12-alkyl group; and X?=Br? or I?; if compound (I) is quaternised on both nitrogens, the two X? may be the same or different and the two R3 may be the same, in which case: (3) R3=a C5-C12 alkyl group; and X?=CH3OSO3?, Br? or I?; or different, in which case: (4) one of the R3=—CH3 or —CH2C6H5; and X?=Cl? or CH3OSO3?; and the other=a C5-C12-alkyl group; and X?=Br? or I?.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds that inhibit the microbial NAD synthetase enzyme. For example, disclosed are compounds of the formula Ar1—X—Ar2—Y—L—Z—Q, wherein Q is Q1Ar3 or Ar3Q1; Ar1, Ar2, and Ar3 are independently aryl or heteroaryl, optionally substituted with one or more substituents; X, Y, and Z are independently selected from the group consisting of a covalent bond or groups containing one or more of C, H, N, O, S atoms; L is a linker and Q1 is an alkylenyl, alkylenyl carbonyloxy alkyl, or alkylenyl carbonylamino alkyl group, optionally having a substituent; a covalent bond; a group containing amidine or guanidine function wherein the amidine or guanidine may be optionally N-substituted with an alkyl; or a zwitterion; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.