Abstract: Chemoselective isolation of aliphatic hydroxyl group-containing and aromatic hydroxyl group-containing compounds is accomplished via formation of polymeric siloxyl ethers. Chemoselective release of aliphatic hydroxyl group-containing and aromatic hydroxyl group-containing compounds from polymeric siloxyl reagents is described.

Abstract: A process for the production of a color-stable composition containing cardanol, including (a) subjecting crude, cashew nutshell liquid to distillation to obtain a distillate; (b) reacting the distillate with acetic anhydride to obtain a reaction mixture; and (c) subjecting the reaction mixture to fractional distillation is provided. A method for the production of color-stable phenalkamines, including (a) subjecting crude, cashew nutshell liquid to distillation to obtain a distillate; (b) reacting the distillate with acetic anhydride to obtain a reaction mixture; (c) subjecting the reaction mixture to fractional distillation to obtain a cardanol-containing fractional distillate; and (d) reacting the fractional distillate with an aliphatic amine and formaldehyde to form a color-stable phenalkamine is also provided.

Abstract: Compounds containing phenolic hydroxy groups are removed from a gas stream which contains at least one aromatic amine generated during the gas-phase hydrogenation reaction of the corresponding nitroaromatic compounds with hydrogen, by adsorption on a basic solid.

Abstract: A process comprises contacting a product mixture with a base, optionally in the presence of a polyhydric alcohol, to produce a base-treated mixture and distilling the base-treated mixture in which the product mixture comprises an aromatic amine and a phenolic compound.

Abstract: Conjugated mono-, oligo- and polyazulenes are suitable for use as semiconductors or charge transport materials in optical, electrooptical or electronic devices including field effect transistors, electroluminescent, photovoltaic and sensor devices, and as field effect transistors and semi-conducting components.

Abstract: Novel propanoic acid derivatives are integrin receptor antagonists or inhibitors, in particular of the avb3 integrin receptor. The compounds of the invention are for instance useful for the treatment of solid tumors by inhibition of angiogenic growth of tumor vessel network, thus promoting tumor regression, inhibition of metastatic spread, thus avoiding cancer metastases, inhibition of bone resorption, thus controlling osteoporosis, inhibition of smooth muscle cells migration into neointima, thus blocking restenosis after percutaneous coronary angioplasty and the treatment of other pathological conditions mediated by cell adhesion, cell migration or angiogenesis such e.g. diabetic retinopaty, rheumatoid arthritis and inflammation.

Abstract: In a decarbonation process for removing carbon dioxide from a carbon dioxide-containing gas with the use of an amine compound-containing absorbing solution, an amine compound accompanying a decarbonated exhaust gas is efficiently recovered in the following manner: A water washing section is constituted in two stages, a first-stage water washing section 64 and a second-stage water washing section 65. In these water washing sections, recovery of the amine compound accompanying the decarbonated exhaust gas is performed sequentially. Regeneration tower refluxed water is supplied as washing water to the second-stage water washing section 65. Washing water is withdrawn from the second-stage water washing section 65 and supplied to the first-stage water washing section 64. Demisters 83, 84 and 85 are provided at outlets of a carbon dioxide absorption section 73, the first-stage water washing section 64 and the second-stage water washing section 65.

Abstract: Conjugated mono-, oligo- and polyazulenes are suitable for use as semiconductors or charge transport materials in optical, electrooptical or electronic devices including field effect transistors, electroluminescent, photovoltaic and sensor devices, and as field effect transistors and semi-conducting components.

Abstract: The subject of the present invention is a process for the decoloration of aqueous effluents comprising aromatic amines or their derivatives, in which process the effluents are brought into contact with at least one agent chosen from alkali metal or alkaline earth metal sulfites or alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydrogensulfites.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a process for producing crystals of 3-amino-2-hydroxyacetophenone salt having a high bulk density and improved flow properties, by treating 3-amino-2-hydroxyacetophenone of formula (1) ##STR1## or hydrogen halide salt thereof with sulfuric acid, in a solvent.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a stereospecific synthesis amenable to the large scale preparation of a hydrochloric acid addition salt of a chlorohydrin of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are amino protective groups and R.sup.3 is an amino acid side chain or a protected amino acid side chain. The synthesis involves reacting an aldehyde of the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are as defined hereinbefore with (chloromethyl)lithium at -20.degree. C. or below and contacting the resulting diastereoisomeric mixture of lithium alcoholates with aqueous hydrochloric acid to obtain a separable mixture of the hydrochloric acid addition salts of the chlorohydrin and its corresponding hydroxy diastereoisomer. The hydrochloric acid addition salt of the chlorohydrin is transformed readily into corresponding optionally amino-protected aminoepoxides; for example, 3(S)-(tert-butyloxycarbonylamino)-l,2(S)-epoxy-4-phenyl-butane.

Abstract: A process for the purification of tertiary amines in a crude mixture contaminated with undesirable primary and secondary amines which may have only a slight variance in boiling point with respect to the tertiary amine, wherein the crude mixture of the tertiary amine is treated at temperatures which may range from 0.degree. to 200.degree. C. but preferably from 20 to 150.degree. C. and at pressures of from 1 to 200 bar but most preferably under atmospheric pressure with a carboxylate of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -alkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.12 -cycloalkyl, C.sub.4 -C.sub.20 -cycloalkylalkyl, and aryl or C.sub.7 -C.sub.20 -aralkyl, both optionally mono- to penta- substituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 -cycloalkyl, or C.sub.4 -C.sub.12 -cycloalkylalkyl, and R.sup.

Abstract: A process for removing impurities from an aqueous feed mixture comprising a reaction solution produced by catalytic hydrogenation of nitrobenzene in an acid aqueous medium. An aqueous feed mixture comprising the reaction solution is contacted with an extractant comprising aniline for extraction from the feed mixture of 4,4'-diaminodiphenylether, thereby providing a primary raffinate that contains p-aminophenol and is contaminated with aniline. The primary raffinate is contacted at a pH of between about 5.5 and about 8.0 with a purifying solvent, the purifying solvent comprising an organic solvent effective for extraction of aniline from the primary raffinate, thereby producing a purified raffinate comprising p-aminophenol.Also described is a unified process for the preparation of N-acetyl-p-aminophenol in which p-aminophenol contained in the aforesaid purified raffinate is acetylated without prior separation of solid p-aminophenol from the raffinate.

Abstract: There are disclosed compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein ##STR2## R is hydrogen, lower alkyl, phenyl or benzyl; R.sup.1 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, trifluoromethyl, amino, mono- or di- lower alkylamino, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, lower alkoxycarbonyl, lower alkoxy or halo;R.sup.2 is hydrogen or lower alkyl;and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and their use in the treatment of psoriasis, ulcerative colitis, rheumatoid arthritis as well as in other inflammatory conditions.

Abstract: A process for the purification of crude 4-aminophenol which was prepared by the catalytic hydrogenation of nitrobenzene in aqueous sulfuric acid is described involving: adjusting the pH of an aqueous solution of crude 4-aminophenol to pH 4.0-5.0 at a temperature between 75.degree. C. and 85.degree. C.; mixing the aforesaid solution with toluene as the solvent, in order to extract various impurities and the dissolved nitrobenzene starting material; adjusting the pH of the resultant solution as required to maintain it at pH 4.0-5.0; allowing the resultant mixture to settle thereby forming a top organic layer and a bottom aqueous raffinate layer which raffinate contains 4-aminophenol and the by-product material, ortho-aminophenol; separating the two layers and repeatedly extracting the raffinate layer which toluene at pH 4.0-5.0 at a temperature of 75.degree.-85.degree. C.

Abstract: In a process for the production of an aminophenol which comprises reacting a divalent phenol and ammonia in the absence of a catalyst or in the presence of a water-soluble catalyst, then separating the reaction mixture after the reaction to recover a separated and recovered product containing an aminophenol and the unreacted divalent phenol, and separating and purifying the aminophenol from said separated and recovered product, the process for the production of an aminophenol which is characterized by, on separating and purifying said aminophenol, contacting said separated and recovered product with an aliphatic ether substantially incompatible with said aminophenol in an inert gas atmosphere at a temperature at which said separated and recovered product melts or higher, then cooling to induce the crystallization of the aminophenol, thereafter filtering and recovering to obtain a cake mainly composed of said aminophenol, further melting and contacting this cake with an aliphatic ether in an inert gas atmosphe

Abstract: An improved process for the preparation of N-acetyl-p-aminophenol. p-Aminophenol is acetylated in an aqueous medium to produce a crude aqueous reaction mixture and N-acetyl-p-aminophenol product is recovered by crystallization from an aqueous system comprising the reaction mixture. Crystals are separated from the crude mother liquor which contains residual N-acetyl-p-aminophenol and unreacted acetic acid. According to the improvement, residual N-acetyl-p-aminophenol and acetic acid are recovered from the crude mother liquor by liquid-liquid extraction with a water-immiscible organic solvent to produce an extract containing N-acetyl-p-aminophenol and acetic acid. The extract is distilled to strip off the solvent and acetic acid.

Abstract: Separate isomers via supercritical gas extraction.

Abstract: An improved process for the recovery and extractive purification of p-aminophenol is disclosed. The process involves contacting an aqueous feed solution prepared by catalytic reduction of nitrobenzene in acid medium and containing 4,4-diaminodiphenyl ether, aniline and other minor amine by-products with a base to adjust the pH of the solution to 4.0-5.0, and then extracting the resulting aqueous feed solution with a mixture of aniline and toluene to selectively dissolve 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether in the aniline-toluene mixture and to produce an aqueous phase containing principally p-aminophenol and an organic aniline-toluene phase cotaining p-aminophenol, 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether and other amine by-products. The ratio of aniline to toluene is within the range between approximately 4 parts by volume aniline to 1 part by volume toluene and approximately 1 part by volume aniline to 4 parts by volume toluene, preferably a ratio of 1:1.

Abstract: Aminophenols and analogous aromatic compounds, especially those containing a hydrocarbon-based substituent preferably having about 10 to about 750 aliphatic carbon atoms, react with 3- or 4-membered ring heterocyclic compounds, preferably epoxides, to form compositions useful as dispersants and detergents in lubricants and fuels.

Abstract: Amino phenols of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R is a substantially saturated, hydrocarbon-based group of at least about 30 aliphatic carbon atoms, a, b and c are, for example, each 1, 2 or 3, and Ar is an aromatic moiety such as a benzene nucleus, naphthalene nucleus or linked benzene nuclei, are useful additives for fuels and lubricants. These amino phenols can be conveniently prepared by nitrating an appropriate hydroxy aromatic compound and reducing the nitro groups to amino groups. Typically such amino phenols are formed by nitration and reduction of alkyl phenols having an alkyl or alkenyl group of at least about 50 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Amino phenols of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R is a substantially saturated hydrocarbyl substituent having an average of from about 30 to about 750 aliphatic carbon atoms; R' is a substituent selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, lower alkoxyl, nitro, and halo; and z is 0 or 1, are useful as additives for fuels and lubricants. These amino phenols can be conveniently prepared by nitrating an appropriate hydroxy aromatic compound and reducing the nitro groups to amino groups.