Abstract: An oxygen scavenging composition or system is provided comprising an oxygen scavenging material, a photoinitiator, and at least one catalyst effective in catalyzing an oxygen scavenging reaction, wherein the photoinitiator comprises a benzophenone derivative containing at least two benzophenone moieties. A film, a multi-phase composition, a multi-layer composition, a multi-layer film, an article comprising the oxygen scavenging composition, a method for preparing the oxygen scavenging composition, and a method for scavenging oxygen are also provided. Non-extractable benzophenone derivative photoinitiators and methods for preparing same are also provided.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing the useful substance 1-indanone from easily obtainable materials consists of reacting an indanyl ether represented by the generic formula ##STR1## under basic conditions to give a novel substance which is the indenyl ether derivative represented by the generic formula ##STR2## and hydrolyzing this to give the 1-indanone represented by the generic formula ##STR3##

Abstract: 4-(Substituted phenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-naphthalen-1-ones, which are useful as intermediates in the preparation of antidepressant agents, are conveniently prepared by reacting 1-substituted naphthalenes and an aromatic moiety in the presence of an acid catalyst. 4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-naphthalen-1-one, which is useful as an intermediate in the preparation of the antidepressant sertraline, is conveniently prepared by reacting 1-naphthyl acetate and o-dichlorobenzene in the presence of an acid catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel cyclohexane-1-3-dione derivatives of formula (1) useful as herbicides and plant-growth regulants, ##STR1## wherein X is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 haloalkyl, nitro, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkylthio, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkylsulfinyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkylsulfonyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 sulfamoyl, and N, N-di(C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl)sulfamoyl group; (X)n represents the number of X substituents which may be substituted on benzene ring, wherein n is 1, 2 or 3. Also, cyclohexyl moiety, one of the substituents on benzofuran ring, is substituted at C-4, C-5, C-6 or C-7 position on benzene ring; R.sup.1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl group; R.sup.2 is selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 alkenyl and C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 alkynyl group; R.sup.3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a process for the acylation of an aromatic ether.Preferably the invention relates to a process for the acylation of a substituted aromatic ether, in particular veratrol.The acylation process of the invention consists of reacting the ether with an acylation agent in the presence of a zeolitic catalyst, and is characterized in that the acylation reaction is carried out in the presence of an effective quantity of a catalyst comprising a faujasite type zeolite or a Y zeolite with the following physico-chemical characteristics:an atomic ratio denoted "global Si/Me.sup.1 " between the number of atoms of the element silicon and the number of atoms of every trivalent element Me.sup.1 contained in the zeolite in the range 2.4 to 90, preferably in the range 2.4 to 75, and more preferably in the range 2.4 to 60;an Me.sup.2 alkali metal content such that the atomic ratio Me.sup.2 /Me.sup.1(IV) between the number of atoms of alkali metal Me.sup.

Abstract: Novel dibenzoylresorcinol-based compounds are disclosed wherein the dibenzoylresorcinol is bonded to the residue of either an alcohol or a carboxylic acid group, via a methylene carboxylate linking group; and wherein the dibenzoylresorcinol is bonded directly to a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group which does not include a pendent hydroxyl group. The groups attached to the dibenzoylresorcinol may contain a wide variety of functional sites which permit further reaction, e.g., copolymerization. The described compounds are very useful as UV light absorbers and may be used to form improved coating compositions which usually include a transparent, polymeric matrix material. The coating compositions may be applied to various substrates, e.g., thermoplastics, to afford a selection of enhanced properties, such as UV light resistance and abrasion resistance.

Abstract: The present invention provides high purity trifluoromethylacetophenones of the general formula:F.sub.3 C--(C.sub.6 H.sub.4)-(C.dbd.O)--CH.sub.3wherein the position of the CF.sub.3 -- group on the aromatic ring may be in the 2-, 3-, or 4- position relative to the acetyl, --(C.dbd.O)--CH.sub.3, group, said trifluoromethylacetophenone being substantially free of other organic or inorganic materials, wherein said trifluoromethylacetophenones are produced by a novel high yield process.

Abstract: There is provided a method for the control of phytopathogenic fungi and disease caused thereby which comprises contacting said fungi with a fungicidally effective amount of a benzophenone compound of formula I ##STR1## There are further provided benzophenone compounds of formula Ia which are useful as fungicidal agents and compositions useful for the protection of plants from the damaging effects of phytopathogenic fungi and fungal disease.

Abstract: Substituted cyclohexanones of the formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1 to R.sup.5 are as defined in the description, can be obtained by catalytic hydrogenation of phenols of the formula ##STR2## where R.sup.1 to R.sup.5 are as defined in the description.The reaction is carried out at from 20.degree. to 250.degree. C., from 1 to 200 bar and in an ether as solvent. If desired, an alkaline alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or ammonium compound is used as additive.

Abstract: There are provided aryne intermediates of formula I, useful in the manufacture of herbicidal compounds. ##STR1## Also provided is a method to prepare the formula I intermediates via the palladium catalyzed coupling of an o-halonitrobenzene or o-haloaniline with 3-butyne-1-ol.

Abstract: A process is described for the synthesis of 2-hydroxy-4-alkyloxy benzophenone by the selective alkylation of 2,4-dihydroxy benzophenone with a dialkyl carbonate, in liquid phase, in the presence of suitable catalysts, at a temperature ranging between 120.degree. and 220.degree. C. and at a total pressure ranging from 2 to 60 ate.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a process for the acylation of an aromatic ether.Preferably, the invention relates to a process for the acylation of an unsubstituted aromatic ether, in particular anisole.The acylation process of the invention consists of reacting the ether with an acylation agent in the presence of a zeolitic catalyst, and is characterized in that the acylation reaction is carried out in the presence of an effective quantity of a catalyst comprising a beta zeolite with an atomic ratio denoted "global Si/Me.sup.1 " between the number of atoms of the element silicon and the number of atoms of every trivalent element Me.sup.1 contained in the zeolite of no less than 15, preferably in the range 15 to 55, and more preferably in the range 18 to 35.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing 1-(3-trifluoromethyl)phenyl-propan-2-one intermediate in the synthesis of the anorexic drug fenfluramine consists of reacting the diazonium salt of 3-trifluoromethylaniline with isopropenyl acetate in a polar solvent in the presence of a catalytic amount of a cuprous salt and, optionally, of a base and purifying the crude product through the bisulfite complex or distillation under vacuum.

Abstract: An expedient synthesis of 4-(6-methoxynaphth-2-yl)-2-butanone is carried out by reacting 2-bromo-6-methoxynaphthalene with 3-ethylenedioxybutene in the presence of PdCl.sub.2 and triphenylphosphine, hydrogenating the 6-methoxy-2-(3-ethylene-dioxybuten-1-yl)naphthalene obtained and then hydrolysing the latter with an acid.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for the preparation of a compound of the general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein X, Y and R.sup.1 to R.sup.7 are as defined. In the process, the olefinic analog of the compound of general formula (I) is treated with a halogen-bearing compound in the presence of metallic zinc.

Abstract: A process for preparing the chiral (4S)-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-naphthalenone is disclosed wherein racemic 4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-naphthalenone is asymmetrically reduced by contacting the racemic tetralone with an asymmetric reagent to produce a mixture of cis and trans alcohols, separating the cis from the trans alcohols, and oxidizing the (4S) enantiomer of the resulting cis and trans alcohols. Also disclosed are novel intermediates used in the synthesis of the above chiral tetralone.

Abstract: The process forms an alkyl aralkyl ketone from an aralkenyl secondary alcohol having an allylic double bond relative to the hydroxycarbinyl group, and having the allylic double bond positioned between the aryl moiety and the hydroxycarbinyl group. This is accomplished by heating the alcohol in a chemically indifferent organic liquid medium to which a catalytic quantity of an iron polycarbonyl has been added, so that an internal rearrangement occurs. Among the ketones that can be efficiently produced in this manner is non-steroidal antiinflammatory agent, 4-(6'-methoxy-2'-naphthyl)-butan-2-one, generally known as nabumetone.

Abstract: Novel light producing 1,2-dioxetanes are described of the formula ##STR1## wherein ArOX is an aryl ring substituted with an X oxy group and A are passive organic groups which allow the 1,2-dioxetane to produce light when triggered by removing X. X is a chemically labile group which is removed by an activating agent. The 1,2-dioxetane compounds can be triggered to produce light at room temperatures.

Abstract: Selective oxidation employs ferromagnetic chromium dioxide followed by magnetic separation.

Abstract: Aromatic ethers/phenols are acylated, characteristically into hydroxy- and/or alkoxyaromatic alkylketones, and in particular, are acylated in the para-position relative to an alkoxy substituent borne by the aromatic nucleus, by reacting/condensing same with an acylation agent, for example acetyl chloride or acetic anhydride, in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of a bismuth halide, or a precursor compound that generates, in situ, a bismuth halide.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the manufacture of hydroxyalkoxybenzophenones of general formula: ##STR1## in which R represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl radical or an optionally substituted C.sub.1 to C.sub.20 alkyl or aralkyl group,R' represents a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted C.sub.1 to C.sub.20, preferably C.sub.1, C.sub.8 or C.sub.12, alkyl or aralkyl group,by reaction of an .alpha.,.alpha.,.alpha.-trihalotoluene with a polyhydroxyphenol or a hydroxyalkoxyphenol.According to this process, the reaction is carried out in the presence of a sulphur-containing or selenium-containing catalyst consisting of a compound of the mercaptan or seleno-mercaptan type and preferably containing a short C.sub.1 to C.sub.20, preferably C.sub.2 to C.sub.12, carbon chain which is largely sterically unhindered.

Abstract: A process for producing 2,4-dihydroxyacetophenone is provided wherein resorcinol and acetic acid are reacted in the presence of a proton acid catalyst while removing formed water.

Abstract: A compound selected from those of formula (I): ##STR1## wherein A, X, Y, Z, R, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are as defined in the description.This compound or its physiologically tolerable salts may be used therapeutically as platelet anti-aggregation agent.

Abstract: Described are compounds defined according to the structure: ##STR1## wherein Z represents para cyclohexylene or para phenylene and wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are the same or different methyl or hydrogen; and wherein R.sub.4 represents hydrogen, methyl or ethyl with the proviso that the sum of the carbon atoms in R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 is 2. Also described are para-C.sub.5 alkyl-substituted ethoxycyclohexanes defined according to the structure: ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 represent the same or different methyl or hydrogen; and wherein R.sub.4 represents hydrogen, methyl or ethyl with the proviso that the sum of the carbon atoms in R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.

Abstract: A method for making acyl substituted resorcinols is disclosed and the method comprises the step of contacting resorcinols and acid halides in the presence of catalytic amounts of transition metal Lewis acids.

Abstract: Described are 1-oxo-substituted and unsubstituted isobutyl-4-ethoxy-benzenes and mixtures thereof with bicyclopentadiene derivatives, wherein the 1-oxo-substituted and unsubstituted isobutyl-4-ethoxy-benzenes are defined according to the structure: ##STR1## wherein Y.sub.1 represents one of the moieties: ##STR2## and wherein the bicyclopentadiene derivatives are defined according to the structure: ##STR3## wherein Z.sub.1 and Z.sub.2 represent hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 lower alkyl or C.sub.2 -C.sub.3 acyl and Z.sub.3 represents methyl or hydrogen with the proviso that Z.sub.1 and Z.sub.2 are not both hydrogen, and uses thereof in augmenting, enhancing or imparting aromas in and to perfume compositions, colognes, perfumed polymers and perfumed articles.

Abstract: Compounds represented by general formula (I), herbicides or selective herbicides for paddy field containing said compounds as active ingredients, method of controlling growth of undesirable plants by applying the herbicides on places where control is desired. ##STR1## wherein A represents a --S(O)nR.sup.1 in which n is 0 or 2 and R.sup.1 represents a (substituted) lower alkyl; a cycloalkyl; a (substituted) benzyl; a (substituted) phenyl; or a --OR.sup.2 in which R.sup.2 represents a (substituted) phenyl;B represents a halogen, a nitro, a lower alkyl, or a lower alkylsulfonyl;D represents a hydrogen, a lower alkyl, a lower alkoxy, a lower alkoxymethyl, or a lower alkoxycarbonyl;E represents a halogen, a (substituted) lower alkoxy, a lower alkylthio, a (substituted) lower alkylsulfonyl, or a lower alkylsulfonyloxy.The herbicides of the present invention can prevent a wide variety of noxious weeds and further selectively prevent weeds on paddy field with considerably reduced phytotoxicities on rice plant.

Abstract: Alternative methods for synthesizing haloenones and haloakenes and their use as starting materials for synthesis of substituted or unsubstituted alkyl and aryl substituted enones and alkenes, including tamoxifen and tamoxifen analogs, using such haloenones and haloalkenes.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of novel compounds with a tetraline-type structure, which are useful as perfuming ingredients, is described.

Abstract: Methods are provided for preparing all four diastereomers of 2-alkyl-3-hydroxyalkanals, 2-alkyl-3-silyloxyalkanals, and the like, with high enantiocontrol, using non-aldol chemistry. The synthetic methods also provide novel, stereospecific routes to polypropinates and chiral 2-substituted-1,3 diols.

Abstract: 1-Indanones of the formula IV or IVa ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 to R.sup.7 are preferably hydrogen or alkyl, or adjacent radicals R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 form a ring, are obtained in a one-step reaction by reacting a compound I ##STR2## with a compound of the formula II ##STR3## or with a compound of the formula (III) ##STR4## in anhydrous hydrogen fluoride and with boron trifluoride.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of preparing optically active alcohols which consist substantially (at least 75% e.e.) or entirely of one enantiomer of formula 4 ##STR1## wherein R and A are as defined therein. The method comprises, which maintaining enantiomeric excess, converting an optically active cyanohydrin of formula 1 ##STR2## into optically active protected cyanohydrin of formula 2 ##STR3## converting the protected cyanohydrin of formula 2 into an optically active compound of formula 3 ##STR4## removing the protecting group B.

Abstract: Herein is disclosed a process for producing a .beta.-ketoalcohol by the oxidative ring-opening reaction of a 1,3-dioxane derivative, said .beta.-ketoalcohol being able to be a substrate for asymmetric reaction.

Abstract: This invention is a process for the production of acetylated aromatic products, including acetyl benzoeyclobutenes, in one step and in high yield. The process comprises contacting an aryl halide with an alkyl vinyl ether in the presence of a zerovalent palladium catalyst complex and a hydrogen halide acceptor in a aqueous solvent mixture containing at least about one molar equivalent of water based on moles of the aryl halide.

Abstract: Ketone compounds are obtained by rearrangement of epoxides in the presence of iodide ions providing quaternary ammonium and phosphonium salts, optionally in admixture with alkali metal or alkaline earth metal iodides, are used as the rearrangement catalysts.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved, large scale process for the preparation of compounds of formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R is halogen atom or hydroxyl,R.sup.2 is hydrogen atom or hydroxyl,R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are hydrogen or alkoxy having 1-6 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A process for the acylation of naphthyl ethers of the formula ##STR1## using acylating agents of the formula R.sup.2 --CO--X to give acylated naphthyl ethers of the formula ##STR2## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently of one another are C.sub.1 -- to C.sub.10 -alkyl, C.sub.2 -- to C.sub.10 -alkenyl or C.sub.3 - to C.sub.8 -cycloalkyl and R.sup.2 is additionally C.sub.6 - to C.sub.10 -aryl and X is Cl, Br, --OCOR.sup.2, OH or C.sub.1 - to C.sub.3 -alkoxy, comprises carrying out the reaction presence of zeolite catalysts which have the formula Z.Al.sub.2 O.sub.3.x SiO.sub.2 (III) in the anhydrous and template-free form, in which Z is M.sup.I.sub.2 O, M.sup.II O and/or (M.sup.III).sub.2 O.sub.3, in which M.sup.I is an alkali metal atom, ammonium or a hydrogen atom, M.sup.II is an alkaline earth metal atom and M.sup.

Abstract: Conversion of alcohol to organic compounds which comprises contacting the alcohol with a heterogeneous catalyst composition comprising crystallineCu.sub.2-X Cr.sub.y Al.sub.6-y B.sub.4 O.sub.17 M.sub.m M'.sub.nwhere M is a divalent metal, M' is a monovalent metal, m is a number in a range from 0 to 0.8, n is a number in a range from 0 to 1.6, X is a number in a range from 0 to 10 0.8 and is equal to the sum of m and n/2, and y is a number in a range from 0.01 to 3, having a characteristic X-ray diffraction pattern.

Abstract: A method for preparing isomerically pure 2,5-dichlorobenzophenones in good to high yields is provided. The invention comprises Friedel-Crafts aroylation of 1,4-dichlorobenzene using an aroyl halide or aromatic anhydride and at least one Lewis acid, the latter being present in an amount of at least about 1.1 mole per mole of aroyl halide or aromatic anhydride, preferably about 1.5 moles per mole of aroyl halide or aromatic anhydride and, more preferably, from about 2 to about 2.5 moles of Lewis acid per mole of aroyl halide or aromatic anhydride. Preferably, the molar ratio of 1,4-dichlorobenzene to aroyl halide ranges from about 1.2:1 to about 8:1.

Abstract: A process for producing an aromatic acylation product from an aromatic compound, an olefin and carbon monoxide, which comprises the steps of:(a) reacting an olefin with carbon monoxide in the presence of hydrogen fluoride and boron trifluoride at a pressure of not more than 100 kg/cm.sup.

Abstract: The preparation of .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated aldehydes and ketones IO.dbd.C(R.sup.1)--CR.sup.2 .dbd.CR.sup.3 R.sup.4 Iis carried out by acid hydrolysis of cyclic .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated acetals II ##STR1## in the presence of saturated aldehydes.

Abstract: A novel multi-step process for preparing the (4S)-enantiomer of 4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-naphthalenone in a highly-optically pure form is disclosed. The process involves (1) first reacting 3,4-dichlorocinnamyl chloride with L-(-)-ephedrine in a chlorinated lower hydrocarbon solvent to form the corresponding chiral N-methyl-N-(.beta.-hydroxy-.beta.-phenylisopropyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)p ropenoamide; (2) then subjecting the chiral .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated amide formed in the first step to a Grignard reaction with phenyl magnesium chloride or bromide, followed by hydrolysis, to effect a conjugate addition of the phenyl group and the hydrogen element to the aforesaid .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated propenoamide and so selectively form the corresponding chiral N-methyl-N-(.beta.-hydroxy-.beta.

Abstract: A compound represented by the formula: ##STR1## and a compound represented by the formula: ##STR2## wherein R is C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkoxy, which is an intermediate for producing the above compound (1) are disclosed.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, aromatic ketones are prepared by the acylation of aromatic reactants using boron trifluoride as a catalyst and in a solvent medium comprising anhydrous liquid sulfur dioxide. The acylation proceeds in accordance with the equation I: ##STR1## wherein n ranges from 5 to 9, Ar is phenylene and n is 5, naphthalene and n is 7, or a bis phenylene radical having the structure: ##STR2## and n is 9; wherein Z is selected from the group consisting of a covalent carbon to carbon bond, O, S, SO.sub.2, C.dbd.O and C.sub.1 to C.sub.3 alkylene or alkylidene, X is selected from the group consisting of H, OH, halogen, C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkyl C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkoxy and combinations thereof, R is an alkyl group containing from 1 to about 16 carbon atoms and Y is selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, acyloxy and halogen.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalytic dehydrogenation of alcohols to produce ketones and/or aldehydes. The catalyst comprises a dehydrogenation metal and a non-acidic microporous crystalline material as a support. The support may contain indium, tin, thallium or lead, when the dehydrogenation metal is a Group VIII metal.

Abstract: A process is provided for the preparation of unsaturated carbonyl compounds having at least one cycloalkenic moiety in the molecule, which comprises contacting an allylic type unsaturated alcohol and a conjugated diene in the presence of a catalyst system obtainable by combining a Group VIII metal compound and a ligand containing one or more donor atoms selected from Group V A and VI A elements.

Abstract: Aromatic carbonyl compounds, in particular arylene ether ketones, are prepared by reacting an appropriate reagent system in the presence of free Lewis acid and a complex between a Lewis acid, for example, aluminum trichloride, and an inorganic salt controlling agent, for example, lithium chloride, and, optionally, a diluent, such as methylene chloride. The process is particularly advantageous for the preparation of substantially or all para-linked arylene ether ketones as the presence of the Lewis acid/Lewis base complex markedly reduces alkylation and ensures the substantial absence of ortho substitution.

Abstract: A process for oxidizing an organic compound selected from an aliphatic, aromatic, aliphatic/aromatic, cycloaliphatic and heterocyclic alcohol, thiol, sulfide, aldehyde, amine, amide, ketone, acid, ether, ester, and organic compounds containing an activated carbon-carbon double bond, which process comprises contacting said organic compound dissolved in an organic solvent with a hypochlorous acid solution.

Abstract: A process for the synthesis of alpha,alpha-difluoroketones from alpha,alpha-difluoroacylsilanes and intermediates therefor.

Abstract: A compound which has the biological action of inducing cell differentiation has general chemical formula (I), in which R.sub.1 is a straight or branched chain or cyclic alkyl or alkenyl group; R.sub.2 is an alkoxy or hydroxy group; R.sub.3 is a hydrogen or halogen atom; and, R.sub.4 is a halogen atom. Preferred values for the groups are R.sub.1 =C.sub.3 to C.sub.8 alkyl; R.sub.2 =methoxy; and, either or both of R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 =chlorine. The compounds: 1) 2,6-dihydroxy-3,5-dichloro-4-methoxy valerophenone; 2) 2,6-dihydroxy-3,5-dichloro-4-methoxy butyrophenone; and, 3) 2,6-dihydroxy-3-chloro-4-methoxy valerophenone are of particular interest.