Abstract: Phenyl acetylenic acetals and thioacetals and their use in the treatment of allergy, asthma, inflammation, arthritis, hyperproliferative skin disease, psoriasis or contact dermatitis are disclosed. Also disclosed are intermediates useful for producing said phenyl acetylenic acetals and thioacetals.

Abstract: Compounds having non-linear optical activity of the general formula ##STR1## wherein D and A are electron donor and acceptor groups, respectively, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are aromatic bridging groups, X and Y are preferably groups capable of partaking in polymerization reactions are suitable for use in polymer-based light modulator devices.

Abstract: Novel insecticides have the formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 is hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylthio, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkylthio, C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 carboalkoxy, C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 alkylcarbonyl, nitro or cyano;R.sub.2 is hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylthio, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkylthio, C.sub.3 haloalkenoxy, nitro, cyano, C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 alkylcarbonyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylsulfonyl or C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 carboalkoxy;R.sub.3 is hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy;provided that:R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are not all hydrogen; orR.sub.1 and R.sub.2 taken together are C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 alkylene, C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 alkyleneoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 perhaloalkyleneoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylenedioxy or halo-C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkylenedioxy;R.sub.

Abstract: A two step process, each of the steps being novel, for the production of trifluorovinyl ethers by reaction of a siloxane with selected acyl fluorides or carboxylic anhydrides, is disclosed. Also disclosed is a novel silyl ester intermediate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of cyclopropanecarbaldehydes of formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl or benzyl, which comprises a) reacting a tetrahydrofuran of formula ##STR2## with a halogenating agent to form a 1,2,4-trihalobutyl ether of formula ##STR3## in which X is halogen and R.sub.2 is unsubstituted or halo-substituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 cycloalkyl that is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl or by C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, or phenyl or benzyl each of which is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, nitro or cyano, andb) then reacting the compound of formula III with an aqueous bisulfite solution to form a bisulfite adduct of formula ##STR4## in which X is halogen and Y is a cation equivalent of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal ion, andc) then cyclising the adduct, in the presence of a base, with a thiolate of formula ##STR5## in which R.sub.1 is C.

Abstract: A modified epoxy resin or compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein A is the backbone reside of a glycidyl ether epoxy resin with removal of the glycidyloxy groups; R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently a hydrogen atom or C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl; R.sup.3 is a glycidyl group; and n is an integer of greater than 1. A method for producing the modified epoxy resin is also disclosed.

Abstract: Propargylic and allenic sulfones are disclosed having the ability to selectively cleave nucleic acids, especially deoxyribonucleic acid. Such compositions are capable of being synthetically modified to effect cleavage at selected, sequenced sites on nucleic acids.

Abstract: Abstract of the Disclosure: Diphenylheteroalkyl derivatives of the formula I ##STR1## where A and R.sup.1 -R.sup.6 have the meanings specified in the description, and the preparation thereof are described.The substances are suitable for controlling diseases and as cosmetic agents.

Abstract: The invention concerns a diaryl ether cycloalkane of the formula I, or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof, ##STR1## wherein Ar.sup.1 is optionally substituted phenyl or naphthyl; X.sup.1 is oxy, thio, sulphinyl or sulphonyl;Ar.sup.2 is optionally substituted phenylene, or a 6-membered heterocyclene moiety containing up to three nitrogen atoms;R.sup.1 is (1-6C)alkyl, (3-6C)alkenyl, (3-6C)alkynyl, cyano-(1-4C)alkyl or (2-4C)alkanoyl, or optionally substituted benzoyl; andR.sup.2 and R.sup.3 together form a (3-6C)alkylene group which defines an optionally substituted ring having 4 to 7 ring atoms.The invention also concerns processes for the manufacture of a diaryl ether cycloalkane of the formula I, or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions containing said cycloalkane. The compounds of the invention are inhibitors of the enzyme 5-lipoxygenase.

Abstract: A process for production of fluorinated sulfones from fluorinated organic sulfides by oxidation of the sulfides with an oxidizing reagent made from fluorine, water and acetonitrile. The sulfones are useful as second order nonlinear optical dyes.

Abstract: Polymers comprising fluorine-containing poly(ether sulfones) and monomers comprising aromatic fluorine-containing sulfones used in the preparation of these polymers.

Abstract: An herbicide compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkoxy, nitro; cyano; C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 haloalkyl, or R.sup.a SO.sub.n -- wherein n is 0 or 2 and R.sup.a is C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkyl;R.sup.1 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl;R.sup.2 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; orR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together are alkylene having 2 to 5 carbon atoms;R.sup.3 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl;R.sup.4 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; orR.sup.3 and R.sup.4 together are oxo;R.sup.5 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl;R.sup.6 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; orR.sup.5 and R.sup.6 together are alkylene having 2 to 5 carbon atoms;R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 independently are (1) hydrogen; (2) halogen; (3) C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; (4) C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy; (5) trifluoromethoxy; (6) cyano; (7) nitro; (8) C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl; (9) R.sup.b SO.sub.n --wherein n is the integer 0, 1 or 2; and R.sup.b is (a) C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; (b) C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: Heteroatom containing perfluoroalkyl terminated neopentyl mercapto-alcohols of the formulas I and IIHS--[CH.sub.2 C(CH.sub.2 X--E--R.sub.f).sub.2 CH.sub.2 ]--OH (I)HS--[CH.sub.2 C(CH.sub.2 X.sub.1 --R.sub.f).sub.2 CH.sub.2 ]--OH (II)are prepared from the corresponding perfluorinated neopentyl oxetans where R.sub.f is a straight or branched chain perfluoroalkyl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms or said perfluoroalkyl substituted by perfluoroalkoxy of 2 to 6 carbon atoms, E is a linking group, and X and X.sub.1 are heteroatom moieties.The reaction products of these fluorinated mercapto-alcohols with electrophiles are disclosed as are certain functional derivatives. Compositions containing such materials provide improved thermal stability and useful low surface energy oil and water repellent coatings for textiles, glass, paper, leather, and other materials.

Abstract: Oxidized diphenylheteroalkanes of the formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 to R.sup.6 and A have the meanings specified in the description, and the preparation thereof are described. The substances are suitable for controlling diseases and as cosmetic agents.

Abstract: Herbicides of formula: ##STR1## in which: n=0,1, 2f=0,1A is chosen from the groups ##STR2## in which: Ar is chosen from the groups ##STR3## B is chosen from optionally substituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkyl and C.sub.3 -C.sub.

Abstract: This invention provides a novel method for the preparation of optically active arylalykylsulfone derivatives, having a chiral center in the alkyl moiety in either the (R)- or the (S)-configuration. These optically active sulfones find use in the stereospecific synthesis of steroid or vitamin D compounds having chiral center at either carbon 24 or carbon 25 of the side chain. The method comprises the steps of reacting an optically active sulfinate ester having a chiral center at sulfur with a racemic alkyl Grignard reagent to obtain a mixture of diastereomeric sulfoxides, separating the mixture of diastereomeric sulfoxides, and oxidizing separately each of the diastereomers to obtain the desired optically active sulfone.

Abstract: A process for producing a 4-benzoyl-5-hydroxylpyrazole of the formula III: ##STR1## which comprises reacting carbon monoxide and a 5-hydroxypyrazole of the formula II: ##STR2## with a substituted benzene of the formula I: ##STR3## in the presence of a base and a catalyst of Group VIII of the Periodic Table.

Abstract: Diphenylheteroalkyl derivatives of the formula I ##STR1## where A and R.sup.1 -R.sup.6 have the meanings specified in the description, and the preparation thereof are described.The substances are suitable for controlling diseases and as cosmetic agents.

Abstract: A compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein X has the formula --CR.sup.5 .dbd.CR.sup.6 --, --C.tbd.C-- or ##STR2## wherein ring A is phenyl, naphthyl or heterocyclic; wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen, alkyl, alkanoyl or aroyl;wherein R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4, which may be the same or different, each is an electron withdrawing substituent or each is hydrogen or alkyl, alkoxy or dialkylamino, provided that when ring A is phenyl or naphthyl at least one of R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 is an electron-withdrawing substituent;wherein R.sup.5 and R.sup.6, each is hydrogen, halogeno or alkylwherein R.sup.7 is alkyl or halogenoalkyl; and wherein R.sup.8 has the formula --Y--Q--R.sup.9 wherein Y is straight- or branched-chain alkylene or alkenylene; wherein Q is --O--, --S--, --SO-- or --SO.sub.2 --;and wherein R.sup.9 is alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms which contains one or more defined substituents, processes for their manufacture and pharmaceutical compositions containing them.

Abstract: Benzaldehydes of the formula ##STR1## can be obtained by reaction of substituted .beta.-amino-styrenes of the formula ##STR2## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.8, R.sup.9, R.sup.10, m, n and o have the scope of meaning indicated in the description, with oxygen in the presence of a Cu compound in the solution of an aprotic polar solvent at 0.degree.-120.degree. C.

Abstract: Fungicidal and plant growth-regulating azolylmethylcyclopropyl derivatives of the formula ##STR1## in which R represents halogen, alkyl or optionally substituted phenyhl, or represents the groupings --Y--R.sup.2,whereinY represents oxygen, sulphur, SO or SO.sub.2 andR.sup.2 represents optionally substituted phenyl,R.sup.1 represents hydrogen, alkyl or acyl,X represents nitrogen or a CH group,Z represents halogen, alkyl with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, alkoxy with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, alkylthio with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, halogenoalkyl with 1 or 2 carbon atoms and 1 to 5 halogen atoms, halogenoalkoxy with 1 or 2 carbon atoms and 1 to 5 halogen atoms, halogenoalkylthio with 1 or 2 carbon atoms and 1 to 5 halogen atoms or phenyl which is optionally substituted by alkyl with 1 or 2 carbon atoms and/or halogen, or represents phenoxy which is optionally substituted by alkyl with 1 or 2 carbon atoms and/or halogen andm represents the number 0, 1, 2 or 3, and addition products thereof with acids and metal salts.

Abstract: An aromatic polycyclic compound has the formula ##STR1## wherein R represents --SO.sub.3 H, SO.sub.2 NHR.sub.3, ##STR2## --SO.sub.2 R.sub.3, --SOR.sub.3 or --SR.sub.3, R.sub.3 represents lower alkyl, monohydroxyalkyl, polyhydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, carboxyalkyl, aminocarboxyalkyl or alkoxyalkyl,R' represents hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, hydroxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 acyloxy or amino,R" represents hydrogen, lower alkyl or lower alkoxy, orR' and R", taken together, form an oxo, methano or hydroxyimino radical,R.sub.1 represents hydrogen or lower alkyl,n is 0 or 1,when n=1, R.sub.2 represents hydrogen or lower alkyl, or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, taken together form a vinylene radical, andAr represents an aromatic radical selected from ##STR3## wherein R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6, R.sub.7, R.sub.8, R.sub.9, R.sub.10 and R.sub.11 represent hydrogen or lower alkyl, at least one of R.sub.4 and/or R.sub.5 being other than hydrogen, and at least two of R.sub.8 -R.sub.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of compounds of the formula ##STR1## in which the side chains --CH.sub.2 --SO.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --OH are in the ortho-, meta- or para-position relative to one another and the amino group is in the 4-position in the case where the two side chains are in the 1,2- or 1,3-position, by reacting 1 mol of xylylene dichloride with at least 2 mol of mercaptoethanol at 40.degree.-150.degree. C. in an aqueous medium in the presence of an acid-binding agent to give the corresponding compound of the formula ##STR2## oxidizing this product with at least 4 mol of hydrogen peroxide at 50.degree.-120.degree. C. at a pH<7 in the presence of tungsten(VI) compounds to a compound of the formula ##STR3## converting this product with anhydrous sulfuric acid at 30.degree.-45.degree. C. to the corresponding bis(sulfuric ester), nitrating the latter with high-percentage nitric acid at 0.degree.-60.degree. C.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing halogenated sulfones by reacting a halogenating agent with a salt of a hydroxysulfone. The halogenated sulfones are useful as an intermediate for vitamin A or its carboxylic acid esters employed as medicines or feed additives.

Abstract: Heteroatom containing perfluoroalkyl terminated neopentyl glycols of the formulas HO[--CH.sub.2 C(CH.sub.2 X--E--R.sub.f).sub.2 CH.sub.2 O].sub.1-3 --H or HO[--CH.sub.2 C(CH.sub.2 X--R.sub.f).sub.2 CH.sub.2 O].sub.1-3 --H are prepared from halogenated neopentyl glycols or oxetanes and thiols of the formula R.sub.f --E--SH, amines of the formuls R.sub.f --E--NH--R, alcohols of the formula R.sub.f --E--OH or perfluoro-amides, wherein R.sub.f is a straight or branched chain perfluoroalkyl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms or said perfluoroalkyl substituted by perfluoroalkoxy of 2 to 6 carbon atoms.The polymeric reaction products of said fluorinated diols, and optionally other diols with isocyanates to prepare polyurethanes; with amines and isocyanated to prepare polyureas/polyurethanes; with acids or derivatives to prepare polyesters or polycarbonates are disclosed. These include polymeric, random or block urethane, and/or urea, and/or ester compositions containing the residue of at least one R.sub.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for producing vitamin A or its carboxylic acid ester by treating inexpensive and readily available industrial starting materials with potassium hydroxide which is widely employed industrially and is inexpensive.

Abstract: New chemical reactions of 1,1,2-trifluoro-1,3-butadiene provide simple access to a series of new fluorinated alkene derivatives. These derivatives provide a simple, general methodology for the stereocontrolled preparation of 2-fluoro-2-alkenoate esters and related monofluoroalkene derivatives which include fluoro analogs of known insecticides, pheromones or pharmaceuticals. A new method for the preparation of 1,1,2-trifluoro-1,3-butadiene is also provided.

Abstract: Heteroatom containing perfluoroalkyl terminated neopentyl glycols of the formula HO[--CH.sub.2 C(CH.sub.2 X--E--R.sub.f).sub.2 CH.sub.2 O].sub.1-3 --H prepared from halogenated neopentyl glycols and thiols of the formula R.sub.f --E--SH, or amines of the formula R.sub.f --E--NH--R wherein R.sub.f is a hydrophonic, olephobic fluoroaliphatic group of up to 20 carbon atoms, E is alkylene of up to 10 carbon atoms, optionally interrupted by up to three groups including --NR, --O, --S--, --SO.sub.2 --, --O.sub.2 C, CONR, and --SO.sub.2 NR, and X is S,SO.sub.2 or NR.sub.2, where R is independently hydrogen, alkyl, or hydroxyalkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms are described.The polymeric reaction products of said fluorinated diols, and optionally other diols with isocyanates to prepare polyurethanes; with amines and isocyanates, to prepare polyureas/polyurethanes; with acids or derivatives, to prepare polyesters or polycarbonates are disclosed.

Abstract: A process for producing carotenoids and carotenoid intermediates via reduction of sulfonyl polyenes with a dithionite in the presence of ammonia or an aliphatic amine, including novel intermediates in this process, which carotenoids are known coloring agents for foodstuffs, animal feeds, pharmaceuticals, etc.

Abstract: Sulfur-substituted alkenyl compounds, synthesis thereof, intermediates therefor, and the use of the compounds to control pests.

Abstract: A compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein X has the formula ##STR2## wherein ring A is phenyl, naphthyl or heterocyclic; wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen, alkyl, alkanoyl or aroyl; wherein R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4, which may be the same or different, each is an electron withdrawing substituent selected from halogeno, nitro, cyano, trifluoromethyl, alkylthio, alkylsulphinyl and alkylsulphonyl or each is hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy or dialkylamino provided that when ring A is phenyl or naphthyl at least one of R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 is an electron-withdrawing substituent; wherein R.sup.5 and R.sup.6, which may be the same or different, each is hydrogen, halogeno or alkyl; wherein R.sup.7 is alkyl or halogenoalkyl; and wherein R.sup.8 is carbamoyl, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, halogenoalkyl, halogenoalkenyl, halogenoalkynyl, alkanoyl, alkylcarbamoyl, dialkylcarbamoyl or aroyl; or wherein R.sup.

Abstract: .beta.-substituted polyfluoropropionate salts, derivatives and copolymers and processes for the preparation thereof.

Abstract: A compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein X has the formula --CR.sup.5 .dbd.CR.sup.6 --, --C.tbd.C-- or ##STR2## wherein ring A is phenyl, naphthyl or heterocyclic; wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen, alkyl, alkanoyl or aroyl;wherein R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4, which may be the same or different, each is an electron withdrawing substituent of each is hydrogen or alkyl, alkoxy or dialkylamino, provided that when ring A is phenyl or naphthyl at least one of R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 is an electron-withdrawing substitutent;wherein R.sup.5 and R.sup.6, each is hydrogen, halogeno or alkyl;wherein R.sup.7 is alkyl or halogenoalkyl; and wherein R.sup.8 has the formula --Y--Q--R.sup.9 wherein Y is straight- or branched-chain alkylene or alkenylene; wherein Q is --O--, --S--, --SO-- or --SO.sub.2 --; andwherein R.sup.9 is alkyl or up to 6 carbon atoms which contains one or more defined substituents, processes for their manufacture and pharmaceutical compositions containing them.

Abstract: Aryl difluoromethyl sulfone adds to alkehydes under phase transfer conditions to give novel substituted alcohols of the general formulaRCH(OH)CF.sub.2 SO.sub.2 Ar (I)wherein R is an aryl, cycloaliphatic, sec- or tert-aliphatic, or heterocyclic group and Ar is an aryl group. The substituted alcohols of formula I are of particular utility as intermediates in the synthesis of a variety of useful end products. For example, the products of formula I may be utilized in desulfonylation reactions, oxidation reactions and fluorination reactions.

Abstract: Novel Isoprene Derivatives which have mucosa-protective and gastric acid secretion-inhibiting properties and are useful for combatting ulcers both by treating and as a prophylaxis against gastric and/or duodenal ulcers.

Abstract: A process for producing vitamin A represented by the formula ##STR1## which comprises treating a compound represented by the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1 represents an aryl group which may be substituted, R.sup.21 and R.sup.22 each represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkanoyl group, R.sup.3 represents an acetal-type protective group for a hydroxyl group, and X represents a halogen atom, with a base; and novel intermediate compounds useful for the above process.

Abstract: There are disclosed novel unsubstituted or substituted phenoxyfluorobenzyltetramethylcyclopropylmethyl ethers of formula ##STR1## wherein Y is hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl which is substituted by 1 to 9 halogen atoms, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy which is substituted by 1 to 9 halogen atoms, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylthio or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylthio which is substituted by 1 to 9 halogen atoms, or is C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 alkenyl or C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 alkynyl and their benzyl ether intermediates of formula IV ##STR2## wherein X is halogen or p-tosyl. Also disclosed is a process for the preparation of these compounds and compositions containing them for use in pest control, especially for controlling insects that attack plants and animals, in particular their larval stages. The novel compounds are particularly effective against plant-destructive insects in rice crops.

Abstract: In preparing a diarylsulfone by condensing sulfuric acid or an aromatic sulfonic acid with an aromatic compound having at least one replaceable hydrogen atom on the aromatic ring, the process of the present invention is characterized in that the condensation reaction is carried out in the presence of at least one catalyst selected from the group consisting of a tungstic acid, molybdic acid and heteropoly acid thereof.

Abstract: Process for preparing aryl hydroxyethyl sulfones of the general formula (1)Ar--SO.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --OH (1)in which Ar denotes a phenyl or naphthyl radical, by reacting an aromatic of the formula (2)Ar--H (2)in which Ar has the abovementioned meanings, with carbyl sulfate at temperatures of 30.degree. to 100.degree. C., in the presence or absence of an organic solvent which is inert toward the reactants, then adding water or methanol to decompose the boron trichloride, and isolating the resulting aryl hydroxyethyl sulfone.

Abstract: A process for converting organic hydroxyl-containing compounds to halides which comprises reacting the hydroxyl-containing compound with a phosphorushalide reagent of formula: R.sub.n PX.sub.5-n wherein n is selected from 1, 2 and 3; R is selected from the group consisting of C-6 to C-10 aryl and substituted aryl wherein the substituents are selected from the group consisting of straight and branched chain alkyl, alkoxy, and haloalkyl, halogen, sulfonate and mixtures thereof; and X is a halogen. It is preferred to carry out the reaction in the presence of an arylphosphorusoxydihalide solvent. The use of an arylphosphorustetrahalide and particularly phenylphosphorustetrachloride is preferred. The arylphoshorustetrahalide can be prepared in situ by contacting a solution of the corresponding arylphosphorusdihalide in an arylphosphorusoxydihalide solvent with a halogen. The process can further comprise the step of heating the reaction mixture. Maintaining a reaction temperature of from about 0.degree. C.

Abstract: Six-membered ring compounds of the formula I ##STR1## wherein A is a benzene or cyclohexane ring,X.sup.1 to X.sup.6 independently of one another in each case are H, --OR, --COOR, --SR, --SOR, --SO.sub.2 R or, if A is a cyclohexane ring, also --O--COR, andR is in each case an alkyl group which has up to 15 C atoms and in which one or two CH.sub.2 groups can be replaced by O atoms, at least three of the substituents X.sup.1 to X.sup.6 being other than H,can be used as constituents of discotic liquid-crystal phases for liquid-crystal display elements.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of formula (I)ArCH.sub.2 R.sup.1 (I)or a monomethyl or a monoethyl ether thereof (the compound of formula (I) including these ethers may contain no more than 30 carbon atoms in total); ethers, esters thereof; acid additon salts thereof; wherein Ar is a perylene or substituted perylene ring system; R.sup.1 contains not more than eight carbon carbon atoms and is a group ##STR1## wherein m is 0 or 1;R.sup.5 is hydrogen;R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are the same or different and each is hydrogen or C.sub.1-3 alkyl optionally substituted by hydroxy;R.sup.8 and R.sup.9 are the same or different and each is hydrogen or C.sub.1-3 alkyl; ##STR2## is a five- or six-membered saturated carbocyclic ring; R.sup.10 is hydrogen, methyl or hydroxymethyl;R.sup.11, R.sup.12 and R.sup.13 are the same or different and each is hydrogen or methyl; R.sup.14 is hydrogen, methyl, hydroxy, or hydroxymethyl.

Abstract: Compounds of the general formula (1) ##STR1## in which the Zs, preferably identical to each other, each denote a hydroxy group or a sulfato, thiosulfato or phosphato group. They can be prepared by first converting biphenyl by sulfochlorination into biphenyl-4,4'-disulfochloride, then reducing the latter with an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal sulfite or hydrogensulfite to sulfinic acid, and in turn reacting the latter with ethylene oxide to give 4,4'-bis-(.beta.-hydroxyethylsulfonyl)-biphenyl, which can be esterified in conventional manner. They are used for modifying and improving the physical and coloristic properties of materials made of natural and/or synthetic polyamide fibers and/or polyurethane fibers and as auxiliaries in dyeing processes for such fiber materials.

Abstract: The invention provides surface-active random oligomers of the general formula:R.sub.1 --O--C.sub.2 H.sub.3 (Z)--O].sub.n H (I)in which R.sub.1 denotes a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon radical or a cyclo-aliphatic, aromatic or alkylaromatic radical containing 1 to 30 carbon atoms, Z denotes a group A and/or at least one group corresponding to the formula (II)R.sub.2 --O--C.sub.2 H.sub.3 (A)--O].sub.m CH.sub.2 -- (II)in which R.sub.2 denotes a hydrocarbon radical having the meaning indicated for R.sub.1 and containing a number of carbon atoms from 8 to 30, n denotes an average statistical value from 1 to 20, m denotes an average statistical value from 0.5 to 10 and A denotes a group of hydrophilic character. These oligomers can be used in cosmetic or pharmaceutical compositions.

Abstract: Triphenylene derivatives of the formula I ##STR1## wherein X.sup.1 to X.sup.6 are each, independently of one another, --SH, --SR, --SOR, --SO.sub.2 R or --S--COR, and each R is an alkyl group with up to 20 C atoms, it being possible for one or two CH.sub.2 groups to be replaced by O atoms and/or by unsubstituted or substituted vinylene or vinylidene groups, may be used as components of discotic liquid-crystalline phases.

Abstract: The present invention provides thioethers of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein Ar is a phenyl radical which is optionally substituted one, two or three times by alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkanoyl, hydroxyl, hydroxyalkyl, carboxyl, alkoxycarbonyl, carbamoyl, nitro, amino or halogen, Q is an oxygen or sulphur atom or an NH group, A is a straight-chained or branched C.sub.2 -C.sub.8 alkylene radical which is optionally substituted by a hydroxyl group or can be interrupted by an ethenylene or ethynylene group, n is 0, 1 or 2, and R is a hydrogen atom or a straight-chained or branched alkyl radical which is optionally substituted one or more times by the same or different radicals selected from alkoxycarbonyl, alkoxy, hydroxyl, carboxyl or optionally substituted carbamoyl or amino; as well as the pharmacologically acceptable salts thereof, with the proviso that A cannot be ethylene when Ar is a phenyl radical, Q is an oxygen atom and R is the group --CH.sub.2 COOH.

Abstract: Novel polyprenyl compounds have the general formula: ##STR1## represents a cis-isoprene unit, n is an integer of 11-19, Z.sup.1 is --CH.sub.2 OH or a functional precursor thereof, and either one of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom and the other is --S(O).sub.m R.sup.3 in which m is an integer of 0 (zero), 1 or 2 and R.sup.3 is a phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl or thiazolinyl group or such group substituted with at least one lower alkyl and/or halogen substituent. The topic novel polyprenyl compounds can be synthesized from derivatives of the polyprenol which is obtainable from leaves of Ginkgo biloba or Cedrus deodara, among others, by extraction, if necessary followed by hydrolytic treatment. The novel polyprenyl compounds can be converted to mammalian dolichols or precursors thereof by reductive elimination of the --S(O).sub.m R.sup.3 group.

Abstract: .beta.-Substituted polyfluoroethyl compounds, process for the preparation thereof, copolymers thereof, compound intermediates, and process therefor. The copolymers are useful as ion exchange resins or structural foams.

Abstract: A novel fluorinated cation exchange membrane containing carboxylic acid groups and sulfonic acid groups, both in the form of a specific pendant structure, the carboxylic acid groups being at least 20% on one surface of the membrane and gradually decreasing toward the innerside of the membrane, which membrane is useful in electrolysis of an aqueous alkali metal halide solution with advantageously stable performance for a long term under more severe operational conditions than those conventionally used. The membrane can be prepared from a novel copolymer of a fluorinated olefin with a novel sulfur containing fluorinated vinylether of the formula: ##STR1## wherein k is 0 or 1, l is an integer of 3 to 5, Z is --S-- or --SO.sub.2 -- and R is C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkyl, an aryl, Cl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 perfluoroalkyl.

Abstract: A process for producing a 4-benzoyl-5-hydroxylpyrazole of the formula III: ##STR1## which comprises reacting carbon monoxide and a 5-hydroxypyrazole of the formula II: ##STR2## with a substituted benzene of the formula I: ##STR3## in the presence of a base and a catalyst of Group VIII of the Periodic Table.