Abstract: A process for making a hydrocarbyl vinyl ketone is disclosed. In this process a ketone having the structural formula CH.sub.3 COR, where R is lower alkyl, phenyl or C.sub.7 -C.sub.8 aralkyl, is reacted with methanol in an oxygen-containing atmosphere in the presence of a catalyst system comprising a catalytically effective amount of iron on an inert support. In another preferred embodiment, the catalyst system comprises a catalytically effective amount of a precious metal selected from the group consisting of silver and gold, in addition to iron, supported on an inert material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of acetylketene dialkyl acetals of the formula CH.sub.3 CO--CH.dbd.C(OR.sup.2).sub.2 in which R.sup.2 can be an alkyl radical with 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and also these compounds themselves, providing that R.sup.2 is an alkyl radical with 3 to 12 carbon atoms. In the preparation process an alkyl acetoacetate of the formula CH.sub.3 CO--CH.sub.2 COOR.sup.1 is reacted with a saturated primary or secondary alcohol R.sup.2 OH in the presence of an acid catalyst, in which R.sup.2 has the abovementioned meaning and in which R.sup.2 OH or is higher boiling than R.sup.1 OH.

Abstract: A process to produce Methyl Amyl Ketone heterogeneously via the cross-aldol condensation reaction between a C.sub.3 (isopropanol or acetone feed) and a C.sub.4 (butanol or butyraldehyde feed). The catalyst, hydrogen reduced copper oxide on gamma alumina, produces both high reactivity and long catalyst lifetimes. The catalyst is successfully regenerated. Efficiencies to MAK range from 50 to 80 wt. % and efficiencies to useful products range from 75 to 95 wt. % depending on the composition of the feed and temperature. Temperatures range from 200.degree. to 262.degree. C.In general, this catalyst readily catalyzes the cross-aldol condensation reaction between aldehydes (or primary alcohols) and ketones (or secondary alcohols) to produce higher molecular weight ketones; likewise, this catalyst catalyzes the aldol condensation reaction between the same or different ketones to again produce higher molecular weight ketones.

Abstract: Higher carbonyl compounds are prepared from C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 cyclic or acyclic alcohols containing at least one active hydrogen atom bonded to the beta carbon atom or readily convertible thereto under the reaction conditions by reacting the alcohol in the presence as catalyst of ruthenium metal or an oxide thereof supported on a solid support.

Abstract: Two ketone molecules (which can be the same or different) can be condensed together in the presence of hydrogen to produce a higher ketone by contacting the materials to be condensed with a hydrogenation catalyst and with a non-zeolitic molecular sieve, which has in its calcined form an adsorption of isobutane of at least about 2 percent by weight of the non-zeolitic molecular sieve at a partial pressure of 500 torr and a temperature of 20.degree. C. One or both ketones may be generated in situ by dehydrogenation of an alcohol. The non-zeolitic molecular sieves can achieve improved conversions and selectivities as compared with most conventional catalysts for the reaction.

Abstract: A novel process is described for the production of aliphatic ketones and an optional consequetive production of the corresponding carbinols. The starting reactants comprise ketones or aldehydes or compounds capable of converting to these in situ, such as alcohols. The reaction takes place in the presence of hydrogen in a selective temperature range, utilizing a catalyst comprising copper oxide.

Abstract: Aldehydes can be condensed with ketones or aldehydes to produce higher aldehydes or ketones by contacting the materials to be condensed with a nonzeolitic molecular sieve. The condensation may be carried out in the presence of hydrogen to give as product a saturated aldehyde or ketone. The ketone and/or aldehyde may be generated in situ by dehydrogenation of an alcohol, and the hydrogen thus liberated used to effect hydrogenation of the immediate unsaturated product of the condensation, thereby producing as the final product a saturated aldehyde or ketone. The non-zeolitic molecular sieves can achieve improved conversion rates and selectivities as compared with conventional catalysts for the reaction.

Abstract: .alpha.-Methyl-substituted ketones are prepared by reacting the corresponding unsubstituted ketones, which must possess two or more geminal hydrogen atoms in the .alpha.-position, with methanol in the gas phase at from 350.degree. to 500.degree. C. and under from 1 to 20 bar in the presence of a metal oxide.

Abstract: One or more aldehydes or ketones, or both, are produced by pyrolyzing an alcohol having at least two carbon atoms or an aldehyde having at least two carbon atoms, or both, over a Group VIII metal oxide catalyst, preferably a catalyst composed predominantly of iron oxide, notably ferric oxide. Preferably, the catalyst additionally contains a minor proportion of a Group IV-A metal oxide, most preferably germanium dioxide. The process provides a good yield of lower molecular weight aldehydes, such as formaldehyde, or higher molecular weight ketones, such as acetone, 2-pentanone and the like. Selective manufacture of products enriched either in aldehyde or in ketone can be achieved by a simple adjustment in the reaction conditions employed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for the preparation of ketones by a catalytic vapor phase reaction of using reactants such as ketones with carboxylic acids and/or carboxylic acid precursors. An example of such a reaction is that of acetone with pivalic acid over a ceria-alumina catalyst at a temperature of nearly 470.degree. C. to produce pinacolone.

Abstract: An acetal is produced at a high yield and a high selectivity by contacting an olefin and an alcohol with each other in the presence of (a) a nitrite, (b) a platinum group metal or the salts thereof and (c) a halide at a high reaction rate without requirement of any troublesome operations for the separation, recovery and regeneration of the catalyst.

Abstract: Aldoxime or ketoxime-O-alkanoic acid is prepared by transoximation of an aldehyde or ketone, the reaction being conducted in a liquid phase at a pressure below one atmosphere. Conversion of the aldoxime or ketoxime-O-alkanoic acid to the ester or salt form is also described.

Abstract: An acetal is produced at a high yield and a high selectivity by contacting an olefin and an alcohol with each other in the presence of (a) a nitrite, (b) a platinum group metal or the salts thereof and (c) a halide at a high reaction rate without requirement of any troublesome operations for the separation, recovery and regeneration of the catalyst.

Abstract: An acetal is produced at a high yield and a high selectivity by contacting an olefin and an alcohol with each other in the presence of (a) a nitrite, (b) a platinum group metal or the salts thereof and (c) a halide at a high reaction rate without requirement of any troublesome operations for the separation, recovery and regeneration of the catalyst.

Abstract: A process for augmenting or enhancing the aroma or taste of alliaceous flavors, particularly garlic flavors, by augmenting or enhancing the garlic and green aroma and taste nuances of alliaceous-flavored foodstuffs comprising the step of adding to a alliaceous-flavored foodstuff an aroma or taste augmenting quantity of a mixture of cis and trans isomers of a compound having the structure: ##STR1## wherein the wavy lines indicate both cis and trans juxtaposition of the hydrogen and methallyl moieties about the carbon-carbon double bond.

Abstract: An improvement in the alkoxylation of a compound having a reactive methylene group by contacting said compound with an orthoformic acid trialkyl ester in the presence of a catalyst, the improvement residing in employing at least 1.6 moles of orthoformic acid ester per mole of compound having a reactive methylene group and carrying out the process in the presence of a catalyst of the group of aliphatic carboxylic acids, anhydrides of aliphatic carboxylic acids, aromatic sulphonic acids, alkali metal alcoholates and alkanolamines.

Abstract: Described are compounds defined according to the structure: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 represent hydrogen or methyl with the provisos that:(i) the sum total of carbon atoms in R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 is three;(ii) when R.sub.7 is methyl, then R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 are both methyl, and(iii) when either R.sub.3 or R.sub.4 is methyl, then R.sub.7 is hydrogenand wherein R.sub.8 represents hydrogen, acetyl, alkoxyacyl, hydroxyacyl, or alkali metal carboxylate; and R.sub.9 is hydrogen or allyl with the additional proviso that R.sub.8 and R.sub.9 are not both hydrogen.Also described is the use of the subgenus of such compounds defined according to the structure: ##STR2## in augmenting or enhancing the aroma of perfume compositions, colognes and perfumed articles including solid or liquid nonionic, cationic, anionic or zwitterionic detergents, fabric softener compositions, fabric softener articles, cosmetic powders, hair preparations and the like.

Abstract: Derivative compounds of 1,5-dimethylbicyclo [3,2,1] octane of the general formula ##STR1## and perfume compositions containing these derivatives, wherein X represents a C.dbd.O group, a ##STR2## group or a ##STR3## group, in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are alkyl groups and R.sub.3 is an ethylene or trimethylene group which may be substituted with one or more alkyl groups. These derivative compounds may be prepared by oxidation of 1,5-dimethylbicyclo [3,2,1] octan-8-ol or an ester thereof optionally followed by reaction with an alkanol or a 1,2- or 1,3-alkane-diol.

Abstract: Compounds of the general formula I: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are equal or different alkyl-, alkoxyalkyl-, or aryl groups, or together form a ring; R.sub.3 is an allyl or benzyl radical; and R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 represent hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkenyl or further compounds of the formula II: ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 have the meaning indicated above and R.sub.6 stands for hydrogen or methyl or to compounds which are modified by the addition of hydrogen to at least one olefinic or carbonylic double bond of compounds of the general formula I or II. The invention also relates to a process for preparing the new compounds. The compounds of the general formula II are obtained by thermal treatment of a selection of compounds of formula I, for which R.sub.3 stands for the allyl or methallyl radical. The compounds according to the invention are used as fragrant and flavoring substances.

Abstract: This invention relates to a new process for the preparation of pinacolone (2.2-dimethyl-3-oxobutane) of the formula(CH.sub.3).sub.3 C--CO--CH.sub.3 (I),which process comprises reacting a 2-alkoxy-2-methylbutane of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is alkyl of from 1 to 4 carbon atomswith formaldehyde at a temperature of 40.degree. to 100.degree. C., in an aqueous medium and in the presence of a strong inorganic acid.Pinacolone (I) can be used as a solvent, and also as an intermediate product in organic synthesis, for example for the production of known herbicides.

Abstract: Process for the aromatization of various foodstuffs or beverages by means of 7-methyl-oct-3-en-2-one and foodstuffs, beverages or flavoring compositions containing this latter as organoleptically active ingredient. 7-Methyl-oct-3-en-2-one enables namely to develop a gustative note of fatty, oily, green type which is characteristic of foodstuffs subjected to frying.

Abstract: In the process for the production of a halogenoalkene of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkinyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aralkyl, aralkenyl or aryl radical or an optionally substituted heterocyclic radical,R.sup.2 represents a halogen atom, a cyano group, an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkinyl, cycloalkyl, aralkenyl, aryl, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl or aminocarbonyl radical or an optionally substituted heterocyclic radical, andX is a halogen atom,in which an .alpha.-hydroxy-phosphonic acid ester of the formula ##STR2## in which R.sup.3 each independently is an alkyl or phenyl radical, or the two radicals R.sup.3 together are an alkanediyl (alkylene) radical,is reacted with a phosphorus-containing olefinating agent of the formula ##STR3## in which Z.sup.1 is the phosphorus-containing radical ##STR4## R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 each independently is an alkyl, phenyl, alkoxy or phenoxy radical or together are an alkanedioxy radical, andR.

Abstract: For preparing carbonyl compounds containing certain functional groups, a carbonyl compound is reacted with an unsaturated compound in the presence of a trivalent-manganese initiator and an amine. There is a positive coaction between the trivalent-Mn catalyst and the amine. Typically, 2-methyl-3-butene-2-ol is reacted with acetone in the presence of triethylamine and manganese triacetate (bihydrated) to obtain 2-methyl-heptane-2-ol-3-one. Yields and selectivities are more than satisfactory.

Abstract: A novel 7-hydroxyprostaglandin E.sub.1, or a stereoisomer thereof, or a protected derivative thereof, having the following formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.8 represents H, CH.sub.3 or C.sub.2 H.sub.5, R.sup.9 represents H or CH.sub.3, R.sup.10 and R.sup.11 are identical or different, and each represents H, tetrahydropyranyl or t-butyldimethylsilyl. Also provided is a process for producing an adjacently disubstituted ketone including the above compounds, i.e. 7-oxoprostaglandin, etc. which comprises reacting an .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carbonyl compound with a cuprous salt and an organolithium compound in an aprotic inert organic medium in the presence of trialkylphosphine, the amounts of said cuprous salt and said organolithium compound being substantially equimolar, and reacting the product with a protected acetal derivative of an organic carbonyl compound or an aldehyde in the presence of a Lewis acid, if necessary, followed by reacting the product with a proton donor.

Abstract: An improved process for the preparation of higher unsaturated ketones, such as geranylacetone and farnesylacetone, by reacting a .beta.,.gamma.-unsaturated alcohol and an alkyl acetoacetate at an elevated temperature in the presence of an organic aluminum compound, with elimination, and removal, of the alcohol derived from the alkyl acetoacetate in a reactor system carrying a fractionating column. The improvement in the purity, yield, and especially space-time yield of the product is achieved by starting from an alcohol having a higher boiling point than that of the alkyl acetoacetate used, carrying out the reaction in the presence of a small amount of an inert liquid which has a boiling point between that of the alkyl acetoacetate and the alcohol to be eliminated therefrom, and ensuring that the temperature at the bottom of the fractionating column is only slightly higher than the boiling point of the added liquid, under the prevailing pressure.

Abstract: An improvement in the alkoxylation of a compound having a reactive methylene group by contacting said compound with an orthoformic acid trialkyl ester in the presence of a catalyst, the improvement residing in employing at least 1.6 moles of orthoformic acid ester per mole of compound having a reactive methylene group and carrying out the process in the presence of a catalyst of the group of aliphatic carboxylic acids, anhydrides of aliphatic carboxylic acids, aromatic sulphonic acids, alkali metal alcoholates and alkanolamines.

Abstract: Fungicidal 1-(azol-1-yl)-4-halo-1-phenoxy-butan-2-ones and -ols of the formula ##STR1## in which R represents alkyl with 1 to 4 carbon atoms;X represents hydrogen, alkyl with 1 to 4 carbon atoms or halogen;Y represents halogen;Z represents halogen, straignt-chain or branched alkyl with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl with 5 to 7 carbon atoms, halogenoalkyl with 1 or 2 carbon atoms and 1 to 5 halogen atoms, alkoxy with one or 2 carbon atoms, alkylthio with 1 or 2 carbon atoms, alkoxycarbonyl with 1 to 5 carbon atoms in the alkoxy part, amino, cyano, nitro, phenyl or phenoxy substituted with at least one of halogen, amino, cyano, nitro and alkyl with 1 to 2 carbon atoms, phenylalkyl with 1 or 2 carbon atoms on the alkyl part optionally substituted in the alkyl part by alkylcarbonyl with a total of up to 3 carbon atoms and in the phenyl part by halogen, nitro or cyano;n represents 0,1,2 or 3,A is --CO-- or CH(OH)--, andB is --N.dbd. or --CH.dbd., or a salt thereof.

Abstract: A 2-acyloxy-1-azolyl-3,3-dimethyl-2-phenoxy-butane of the formula ##STR1## in which A represents a nitrogen atom or the CH group,R represents alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, halogenoalkyl, optionally substituted phenyl, optionally substituted phenylalkyl, optionally substituted phenoxyalkyl, alkylamino, dialkylamino, optionally substituted phenylamino, halogenalkylamino, alkoxycarbonylamino, or alkoxyalkylamino,X represents hydrogen, halogen or alkylcarbonyloxy,Y represents halogen or alkylcarbonyloxy,Z represents halogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, halogenoalkyl, alkylthio, alkoxycarbonyl, optionally substituted phenyl, optionally substituted phenoxy, optionally substituted phenylalkyl, cyano or nitro, andn represents 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, the substituents Z being selected independently of one another when n is 2 or more,and salts and complexes thereof which possess fungicidal properties.

Abstract: The invention disclosed herein relates to pharmacologically active prostaglandins of the E and F series in which C-16 is substituted with hydroxyl and formyl or dimethoxymethyl as well as the pharmaceutically acceptable, non-toxic lower alkyl esters and salts thereof, and to the intermediates and processes for producing such compounds.

Abstract: Disclosed are improved procedures for preparing pinacolone from compounds of general formula (I) ##STR1## wherein, either adjacent two of A, B, C and D form a single bond between them and the remaining two are hydrogen atoms, or both A and D are hydrogen atoms and one of B and C is a hydrogen atom and the other represents OH, Cl, Br, HSO.sub.4, H.sub.2 PO.sub.4 or ClO.sub.4, anda new procedure which enables preparing pinacolone from a compound of general formula (II) ##STR2## wherein, both W and Y are each hydrogen atoms and X and Z are the same or different and each represents OH, Cl, Br, HSO.sub.4, H.sub.2 PO.sub.4, ClO.sub.4 or RCOO wherein R is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group of 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or one of W and Y is a hydrogen atom and the other forms a single bond together with X, and Z represents OH, Cl, Br, HSO.sub.4 H.sub.2 PO.sub.4, ClO.sub.4 or RCOO where R is defined as above.

Abstract: Novel substituted propargyl alcohols of the formula: ##STR1## novel allylic alcohols of the formula: ##STR2## and; .delta.,.epsilon.-unsaturated ketones of the formula: ##STR3## are provided. In the above formulas, R represents a group of the formula: ##STR4## wherein X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 are both hydrogen atoms or wherein one of X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 is a hydrogen atom, the other jointly with Z represents a bond; Z jointly with X.sub.1 or X.sub.2 represents a bond or separately represent a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group or a lower alkoxy group; R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are the same or different and represents hydrogen atoms or lower alkyl groups; n is 1 or 2; and when n is 2, X.sub.1, X.sub.2, X, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 may be the same or different. These novel compounds are easily produced and are useful as perfumes and as interrelated intermediates for the production of terpenoid compounds.