Abstract: Disclosed are methods for making aldehydes and ketones comprising allowing the corresponding primary or secondary alcohol to react in the presence of trichoroisocyanuric acid, a compound of formula R1SR2 and a base. In one embodiment, the alcohol is a compound of formula (I): wherein R3 is a protecting group. Also disclosed are methods for making 3-O-protected morphine dienol carboxylates comprising allowing a compound of formula (I) to oxidize in the presence of a chlorine-containing compound and a compound of formula R1SR2; and allowing the product of the oxidation step to react with an acylating agent.

Abstract: A composition comprising 2,3-butanediol is dehydrated to methyl vinyl carbinol and/or 1,3-butadiene by exposure to a catalyst comprising (a) MxOy wherein M is a rare earth metal, a group IIIA metal, Zr, or a combination thereof, and x and y are based upon an oxidation state of M, or (b) M3a(PO4)b where M3 is a group IA, a group IIA metal, a group IIIA metal, or a combination thereof, and a and b are based upon the oxidation state of M3. Embodiments of the catalyst comprising MxOy may further include M2, wherein M2 is a rare earth metal, a group IIA metal, Zr, Al, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, 2,3-butanediol is dehydrated to methyl vinyl carbinol and/or 1,3-butadiene by a catalyst comprising MxOy, and the methyl vinyl carbinol is subsequently dehydrated to 1,3-butadiene by exposure to a solid acid catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved and sustainable process for producing 3-methyl-3-pentene-2-one which is used in the synthesis of fragrance ingredients for perfumery applications.

Abstract: An acetone storage tank or acetone transfer pipe comprising stainless steel in which the amount of Cr is in the range 10.5 wt % to 20 wt %; the amount of Ni is ?9 wt %, and the amount of Mo is 2.75%?Mo?0 wt %, of the stainless steel.

Abstract: Techniques, systems and material are disclosed for transport of energy and/or materials. In one aspect, a method includes generating gaseous fuel (e.g., from biomass dissociation) at a first location of a low elevation. The gaseous fuel can be self-transported in a pipeline to a second location at a higher elevation than the first location by traveling from the first location to the second location without adding energy of pressure. A liquid fuel can be generated at the second location of higher elevation by reacting the gaseous fuel with at least one of a carbon donor, a nitrogen donor, and an oxygen donor harvested from industrial waste. The liquid fuel can be delivered to a third location of a lower elevation than the second location while providing pressure or kinetic energy.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the present application discloses methods to selectively synthesize higher alcohols and hydrocarbons useful as fuels and industrial chemicals from syngas and biomass. Ketene and ketonization chemistry along with hydrogenation reactions are used to synthesize fuels and chemicals. In another embodiment, ketene used to form fuels and chemicals may be manufactured from acetic acid which in turn can be synthesized from synthesis gas which is produced from coal, biomass, natural gas, etc.

Abstract: The invention relates to metal oxide particles and/or metal hydroxide particles, aftertreated with an organic phosphorus compound, process for the preparation thereof, and compositions comprising same.

Abstract: The present invention discloses processes for producing ?-nitrocarbonyl and ?-dicarbonyl compounds, which can be precursors in the synthesis of pyrrole compounds. A process for producing pyrroles such as 2,5-dimethylpyrrole, and structurally similar pyrrole compounds, is also disclosed.

Abstract: A hydrodeoxygenation catalyst comprises a metal catalyst, an acid promoter, and a support. The metal catalyst is selected from platinum, palladium, ruthenium, rhenium rhodium, osmium, iridium, nickel, cobalt, molybdenum, copper, tin, or mixtures thereof. The support is a promoted-zirconium material including texture promoters and acid promoters. The hydrodeoxygenation catalyst may be used for hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of sugar or sugar alcohol in an aqueous solution. In one embodiment the HDO catalyst may be used for HDO of fatty acids such as fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), triglycerols (in plant oil and animal fat), pyrolysis oil, or lignin. The hydrodeoxygenation catalyst for fatty acid process does not require the use of an acid promoter, it is optional.

Abstract: Ketones of the formula II where A is optionally alkyl-substituted C2-C12-alkanediyl, R1 and R2 are each, independently of one another, C1-C6-alkyl, or R1 and R2 together form optionally alkyl-substituted C3-C10-alkanediyl, and R3 is hydrogen or C1-C6-alkyl, are prepared by reacting a cyclic olefin of the formula I with dinitrogen monoxide to form the ketone of the formula II. The ketone of the formula II can be further hydrogenated to form the saturated ketone of the formula III. Macrocyclic ketones of the formula III, e.g. muscone, are sought after as fragrances.

Abstract: In a process for oxidizing a hydrocarbon to a product comprising at least one of the corresponding hydroperoxide, alcohol, ketone, carboxylic acid and dicarboxylic acid, the hydrocarbon is contacted with an oxygen-containing compound in at least one oxidation zone in the presence of a catalyst comprising a cyclic imide having an imide group of formula (I): wherein X represents an oxygen atom, a hydroxyl group, or an acyloxy group and wherein the oxygen-containing compound supplied to said at least one oxidation zone has a water content of less than or equal to 0.6% by weight of the oxygen-containing compound.

Abstract: A mixed bed polymeric catalyst, and use of that catalyst, comprising 10-90% by weight of a first catalyst having ion exchange resin loaded with metal of palladium, platinum, iridium, rhodium, ruthenium, copper, gold, and/or silver and 10-90% by weight of a second catalyst having strong acidic ion exchange resin devoid of metal, where the metal is uniformly distributed throughout a mixed bed.

Abstract: A method of purification and production of value-added, biobased chemicals and derivative products from crude bioglycerin is described herein. The present method provides methods for desalinating, decolorizing, and concentrating bioglycerin for the production of biobased chemicals or purified bioglycerin.

Abstract: Provided is a highly efficient method for the production of aldehydes and ketones, which is inexpensive, exhibits high reactivity, and is capable of easy separation of byproduct after the reaction. More particularly, there is provided a method for producing an aldehyde or a ketone, comprising at least an oxidation step of oxidizing a primary alcohol or a secondary alcohol in the presence of a polymeric carbodiimide represented by the following formula (1) and having a weight-average molecular weight of 300 to 5000, and a sulfoxide compound, together with an acid and a base, or together with a salt of the acid and the base.

Abstract: In a method of treating a residue stream from the production of bisphenol-A, the residue stream is contacted with an aqueous solution of a base under conditions effective to hydrolyze at least part of said residue stream into acetone and phenol and produce an effluent stream. Acetone is recovered from the effluent stream to produce a phenol-containing mixed phase stream which is substantially free of acetone and which contains water and unhydrolyzed heavy organic compounds. The phenol-containing mixed phase stream is then treated with a water-immiscible organic solvent to extract phenol and unhydrolyzed heavy organic compounds into said solvent and produce an organic phase containing the solvent, phenol and unhydrolyzed heavy aromatic compounds and an aqueous phase with reduced concentrations of phenol and unhydrolyzed heavy organic compounds. At least part of the phenol and the organic solvent are subsequently recovered from the organic phase.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for generating propylene glycol, ethylene glycol and other polyols, diols, ketones, aldehydes, carboxylic acids and alcohols from biomass using hydrogen produced from the biomass. The methods involve reacting a portion of an aqueous stream of a biomass feedstock solution over a catalyst under aqueous phase reforming conditions to produce hydrogen, and then reacting the hydrogen and the aqueous feedstock solution over a catalyst to produce propylene glycol, ethylene glycol and the other polyols, diols, ketones, aldehydes, carboxylic acids and alcohols. The disclosed methods can be run at lower temperatures and pressures, and allows for the production of oxygenated hydrocarbons without the need for hydrogen from an external source.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel alkoxy enones and enamino ketones, and to a novel process for preparation thereof. Alkoxy enones and enamino ketones are valuable intermediates for preparation of pyrazoles and anthranilamides, which can be used as insecticides.

Abstract: A method for preparing a ketone, and ketone produced therefrom, comprising charging to a column a catalyst of an ion exchange resin impregnated with a metal chelate, adding solvent to the column, and initiating production of the ketone by flowing the solvent and hydrogen through the column.

Abstract: A mixed bed polymeric catalyst, and use of that catalyst, comprising 10-90% by weight of a first catalyst having ion exchange resin loaded with metal of palladium, platinum, iridium, rhodium, ruthenium, copper, gold, and/or silver and 10-90% by weight of a second catalyst having strong acidic ion exchange resin devoid of metal, where the metal is uniformly distributed throughout a mixed bed.

Abstract: Provided is a highly efficient method for the production of aldehydes and ketones, which is inexpensive, exhibits high reactivity, and is capable of easy separation of byproduct after the reaction. More particularly, there is provided a method for producing an aldehyde or a ketone, comprising at least an oxidation step of oxidizing a primary alcohol or a secondary alcohol in the presence of a polymeric carbodiimide represented by the following formula (1) and having a weight-average molecular weight of 300 to 5000, and a sulfoxide compound, together with an acid and a base, or together with a salt of the acid and the base.

Abstract: A cost effective process is presented for carrying out catalytic, in particular also exothermic, endothermic or autothermal reactions with optimum yield and selectivity. The system used is a wall-flow monolith which forces a flow from the inlet channel through the porous wall into the outlet channel by reciprocal closure of the gas channels. This is operated such that mass transfer and heat transport are determined virtually exclusively by convection, and diffusion-related thermal conduction phenomena can be neglected.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel alkoxy enones and enamino ketones, and to a novel process for preparation thereof. Alkoxy enones and enamino ketones are valuable intermediates for preparation of pyrazoles and anthranilamides, which can be used as insecticides.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the preparation of compounds of the general formula II which can be obtained by 1,4 addition of 2-oxoalkanoates or 2-oxocarboxylic acids onto the appropriate ketones. The present invention also relates to the use of the PigD protein for catalysis of 1,4 additions of 2-oxoalkanoates/-carboxylic acids, for example pyruvate/pyruvic acid or 2-oxobutyrate/2-oxobutyric acid, onto aliphatic, aromatic and heterocyclic ?,?-unsaturated ketones. The 1,4 additions are effected here with CO2 elimination. The use of the PigD protein as a catalyst in the aforementioned 1,4 additions enables the synthesis of addition products with stereoactive centers these addition products being preparable with an enantiomeric excess of more than 80% ee.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for separating hydrogen chloride and phosgene, which comprises bringing a mixture of hydrogen chloride and phosgene into contact with an ionic liquid in which at least part of the hydrogen chloride is dissolved in a step a) and then separating off the hydrogen chloride dissolved in the ionic liquid in a step b).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a continuous method for functionalizing a carbon nanotube, and more specifically, to a continuous method for functionalizing a carbon nanotube by feeding functional compounds having one or more functional group into a functionalizing reactor into which a carbon nanotube mixture including oxidizer is fed under a pressure of 50 to 400 atm and a temperature of 100 to 600° C. to a subcritical water or supercritical water condition of a pressure of 50 to 40 atm by using a continuously functionalizing apparatus to obtain the functionalized products, such that the functional group of the functional compound can be easily introduced to the carbon nanotube, thereby increasing the functionalized effect of the carbon nanotube and increasing the dispersibility accordingly.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to reaction products prepared from at least one Michael addition donor material including two or more active methylene hydrogens; and at least one material capable of reacting with a Michael addition donor, the material having one Michael addition acceptor and at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, vinyl ether, amino, aminoalkyl, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, cyano, and cyanoalkyl groups; or reaction products prepared from (a) at least one Michael addition donor material comprising at least one Michael Addition donor group selected from the group consisting of cyano functional groups and phosphono functional groups; and (b) at least one material capable of reacting with the at least one Michael addition donor group, the material having at least one Michael addition acceptor, wherein the above reaction products are capable of forming free radicals upon exposure to actinic radiation; as well as compositions, and processes for making

Abstract: The present invention presents a catalyst that allows asymmetric hydroxymethylation reactions to progress with excellent asymmetric selectivity and a production method for optically active hydroxymethylated compounds using the catalyst. Optically active hydroxymethylated compounds are obtained with excellent asymmetric selectivity by using a catalyst obtained by mixing chiral ligands (for example, chemical formula 4) with scandium triflate and the like.

Abstract: The present invention provides a continuous process for recovering acetone from a waste stream from an acetone purification stage. The waste stream contains mesityl oxide and optionally acetone. The process for recovering acetone includes separating the waste stream in a separating device at least in one stream containing mesityl oxide and optionally a further stream containing acetone, then concentrating mesityl oxide in the mesityl oxide containing stream, and finally recycling the concentrated mesityl oxide stream to the separating device and bringing it into contact with a basic or acidic aqueous medium or with an acidic catalyst in the presence of water whereby mesityl oxide is at least partially hydrolyzed to acetone.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for catalytic synthesis of oxygenate from alcohol. At first, a feeding material comprising at least one alcohol is provided. Next, a copper-containing catalyst is provided and the catalyst further comprises at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of the following: zinc, magnesium, and aluminum elements. Following that, a catalytic reaction of the feeding material over the copper-containing catalyst is carried out to synthesize at least one oxygenate.

Abstract: There is provided a process for the production of carbonyl compounds, characterized by reacting a diol represented by the formula (1); wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 are the same or different, and independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted acyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxycarbonyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryloxycarbonyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyloxycarbonyl group, carboxyl group or a hydrogen atom, or R1 and R2 or R3 and R4 are bonded together with the carbon atoms to which they are bonded to form a ring, provided that all of R1, R2, R3 and R4 are not hydrogen atoms simultaneously; with bromine or an inorganic bromine compound in the presence of a trivalent bismuth compound and a base to form carbonyl compounds represented by the formula (2); wherein R1 and R3 are as defined above; and the formula (3); wherein

Abstract: 4,8-dimethyl-3,7-nonadien-2-one has aromatizing properties and increases the extendibility and intensity of the aroma when used in an aroma composition.

Abstract: A process for producing a carbonyl compound involves allowing water to undergo phase transition to a supercritical or subcritical state in the presence of an alcohol compound so as to produce/generate water-derived hydrogen and at the same time convert the alcohol compound into a corresponding carbonyl compound. Specifically, the process is carried out by introducing the alcohol in a reaction tube along with water and heating and/or pressurizing the mixture of the alcohol and the water to bring the water into a subcritical or supercritical state. In this manner, water-derived hydrogen is produced and the alcohol is converted to a corresponding carbonyl compound. The process is preferably carried out in an oxygen-free environment.

Abstract: A process for decomposing a cumene oxidation product mixture containing cumene hydroperoxide (CHP) and dimethylphenyl carbinol (DMPC) to produce phenol, acetone and alpha-methyl styrene (AMS) with enhanced safety of operation and reduced by-product formation which comprises the steps: mixing the cumene oxidation product in a stirred or back-mixed reactor with an acid catalyst, with 10 to 100 percent acetone relative to the amount of acetone produced during the decomposition reaction, and with up to 4 weight percent additional amounts of water relative to the reaction mixture, at an average temperature between about 50° C. and about 90° C. for a time sufficient to lower the average CHP concentration of the reactor to between about 0.2 and about 3.0 weight percent, and wherein a portion of DMPC is converted to dicumyl peroxide (DCP); then reacting the reaction mixture from step (a) at a temperature between about 120° C. and 150° C.

Abstract: A method for purifying a spent acid catalyst from an acid catalyzed chemical reaction that generates a mixture of a product, spent add and tar, includes the steps of separating the mixture of product, spent acid, and tar into a product fraction and a spent acid fraction, said spent acid fraction comprising a mixture of spent acid and tar, and separating the spent acid fraction, by flotation separation, centrifugation, or liquid-liquid coalescence, into a tar fraction and a de-tarred spent acid fraction. The fluidized tar and the de-tarred spent acid can each be further processed to produce concentrated acid.

Abstract: There is a process for removing by-product tar during the manufacture of isopropyl alcohol. The process comprises the following: a) reacting propylene with concentrated sulfuric acid and water to form isopropyl alcohol and a spent acid having a by-product tar; b) capturing at least a portion of the isopropyl alcohol; c) contacting the spent acid with a gas in bubble form; d) allowing a least a portion of the tar to separate from the remainder of the spent acid to form a layer of tar and a layer of cleaned acid solution; e) capturing the tar; and h) recycling the cleaned acid solution to step a) as a source of sulfuric acid. There is also a process for removing by-product tar during the manufacture of methyl ethyl ketone. The process is substantially the same except that 1-butene is substituted for propylene. There is also a process for removing tar from a spent acid.

Abstract: A novel chiral lead catalyst comprising a lead compound of the following formula: Pb(ORf)2 (wherein Rf represents a fluorine-containing alkylsulfonyl group) and a chiral crown ether compound having the structure of the following formula: which is applicable in a variety of reactions, and enables simple reaction operations with high yield and high optical selectivity, is provided. Also provided is a method of asymmetric synthesis using the same.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for manufacturing hydrazine by hydrolyzing an azine, in which the heat required for the reaction and the separation by distillation of the components is partly provided by injecting vaporized water.

Abstract: A system for purifying a cumene hydroperoxide cleavage product mixture comprises a cumene hydroperoxide cleavage product mixture feed containing impurities in fluid communication with an aqueous alkaline solution feed; the cumene hydroperoxide cleavage product mixture and aqueous alkaline solution feeds in fluid communication with a neutralization drum having a aqueous salt phase outlet; a aqueous salt phase feed containing impurities in fluid communication with a decomposer reactor having an oxidized aqueous salt phase outlet; an oxidizing agent feed in fluid communication with the aqueous salt phase feed containing the impurities prior to the decomposer reactor; and an oxidized aqueous salt phase feed containing water-soluble oxidized derivatives of the impurities in fluid communication with the cumene hydroperoxide cleavage product mixture prior to the neutralization drum.

Abstract: A system for purifying a cumene hydroperoxide cleavage product mixture comprises a cumene hydroperoxide cleavage product mixture feed containing impurities in fluid communication with an aqueous alkaline solution feed; the cumene hydroperoxide cleavage product mixture and aqueous alkaline solution feeds are in fluid communication with a neutralization drum having an aqueous salt phase outlet; an aqueous salt phase feed containing impurities in fluid communication with a heat treatment vessel having a heat-treated aqueous salt phase outlet; and a heat-treated aqueous salt phase feed containing water-soluble derivatives of the impurities in fluid communication with the cumene hydroperoxide cleavage product mixture prior to the neutralization drum.

Abstract: A first process for producing an optically active perfluoroalkylcarbinol derivative includes (a) reacting an optically active imine with a compound that is a hemiacetal of a perfluoroalkylaldehyde or a hydrate of a perfluoroalkylaldehyde to obtain a condensate; and (b) hydrolyzing the condensate under an acid condition. A second process for increasing optical purity of an optically active 4,4,4-trifluoro-3-hydroxy-1-aryl-1-butanone derivative includes (a) precipitating a racemic crystal of the derivative, from the derivative; and (b) removing the racemic crystal from the derivative. A third process for increasing optical purity of the butanone derivative includes recrystallizing the derivative. Novel compounds are optically active and inactive 4,4,4-trifluoro-3-hydroxybutanoic aryl ester derivatives.

Abstract: A process has been developed for oxygenating linear C2 to C6 alkanes to ketones or aldehydes. The process involves reacting the alkanes with oxygen in the presence of a catalyst comprising an imide promoter and a metal co-catalyst. An example of the imide is N-hydroxyphthalimide and an example of the co-catalyst is Co (acetylacetonate). The process is preferably carried out using an inert solvent, an example of which is acetic acid. Optionally, the oxygenated product can be hydrogenated to give the corresponding alcohol which can optionally in turn be dehydrated to provide the corresponding olefin.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for making hydrazine hydrate which consists in hydrolyzing methyl ethyl ketone azine to obtain hydrazine hydrate and methyl ethyl ketone, characterised in that it consists in purging heterocyclic compounds of the pyrazoline family to prevent coloration of the hydrazine hydrate.

Abstract: A material especially useful for the selective oxidation of hydrocarbons and other organic compounds includes a non-crystalline, porous inorganic oxide having at least 97 volume percent mesopores based on micropores and mesopores, and at least one catalytically active metal selected from the group consisting of one or more transition metal and one or more noble metal.

Abstract: A solid acid-base catalyst contains vanadium pentoxide hydrate. Moreover, it is preferable that the vanadium pentoxide hydrate in the solid acid-base catalyst has a composition which is represented by the following general equation (1): V2O5.nH2O  (1) (n: 0.1-3). Creation of the vanadium pentoxide hydrate was confirmed by measuring X-ray diffraction spectrum shown in FIG. 1. In accordance with the above arrangement, the solid acid-base catalyst can sufficiently display catalytic activity under mild conditions, and it can be suitably applied to various reactions, such as the syntheses of olefins or ethers through dehydration reactions of alcohols, the syntheses of aldehydes or ketones through dehydrogenation reactions of alcohols, hydrations and isomerization reactions of olefins, alkylations, esterifications, amidations, acetalizations, aminations, hydrogen shift reactions, aldol condensation reactions and polymerization reactions.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of unsaturated 4,5-allene ketones by reaction of tertiary propargyl alcohols with alkenyl alkyl ethers or ketals in the presence of aliphatic sulfonic acids or sulfonic acid salts.

Abstract: A catalytic dehydrogenation of alkylene glycol ether to ether ketone or aldehyde is disclosed. The dehydrogenation is performed with copper chromite catalyst and at least 5 wt % of water based on alkylene glycol ether. It has been found that the selectivity to formation of ether ketone or aldehyde increases with increasing the amount of water in the alkylene glycol ether.

Abstract: An alkaline earth metal salt of &bgr;-diketo compound is produced using 1 mol of a powdery alkaline earth metal compound and 2.04 mol or more of an aliphatic &bgr;-diketo compound. The reaction may be carried out while supplying both components to a reactor continuously or intermittently, or may be carried out by adding one component to the other continuously or intermittently. The highest temperature during the reaction may be at 50° C. or higher. The reaction mixture may be aged, and then dried at a temperature of at 100 to 180° C. in an atmosphere of an inert gas. The alkaline earth metal compound may be calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, or barium hydroxide. The aliphatic &bgr;-diketo compound may be represented by the following formula, particularly an acetoacetic acid ester or acetylacetone. According to the production method as mentioned above, highly stable alkaline earth metal salts of &bgr;-diketo compounds of high quality can be produced.

Abstract: A process for decomposing a cumene oxidation product mixture containing cumene hydroperoxide (CHP) and dimethylphenyl carbinol (DMPC) to produce phenol, acetone and alpha-methyl styrene (AMS) with enhanced safety of operation and reduced by-product formation which comprises the steps:

Abstract: A process for the direct carbonylation of saturated hydrocarbons has been developed. The process involves contacting the saturated hydrocarbons, which contain at least one primary, secondary or tertiary carbon atom, with carbon monoxide in the presence of a solid strong acid catalyst to produce an oxygenated saturated hydrocarbon. In a specific embodiment isobutane is reacted with carbon monoxide using sulfated zirconia as the catalyst to produce methylisopropyl ketone. The oxygenated hydrocarbon can subsequently be hydrogenated to give a reduced oxygenated saturated hydrocarbon. The hydrogenation can also be done simultaneously with the carbonylation, i.e., reductive carbonylation.

Abstract: A mass stream comprising mesityl oxide may be reacted with water in an acidic medium, a basic medium, or in the presence of an acidic catalyst, to convert the mesityl oxide to acetone. This process may be used in conjunction with the Hock process for manufacturing phenol and acetone to decrease the amount of mesityl oxide by-product, and increase the yield of acetone. Thus, cumene is oxidized to form cumene hydroperoxide, which is then cleaved in the presence of an acidic catalyst to form a cleavage product phase comprising phenol, acetone, and mesityl oxide. The cleavage product phase may then be distilled to provide a mass stream comprising mesityl oxide. At least some of the mesityl oxide of the mass stream is then, according to the process of the present invention, reacted with water, in an acidic medium, a basic medium, or in the presence of an acidic catalyst, thereby producing acetone.