Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of a carbonyl compound of the general formula (1)

Abstract: This invention provides a method for thermally converting volatile fatty acid (VFA) salts to ketones by mixing dry calcium salts of VFAs with hot heat transfer agent in an evacuated container, thereby causing thermal decomposition of the calcium salts of VFAs to form ketone-containing vapor and calcium carbonate; and separating the ketone-containing vapor from the calcium carbonate and heat transfer agent by condensing a mixture of ketones from the ketone-containing vapor. This invention also provides a process for conversion of VFA salts, produced by anaerobic fermentation of cellulosic biomass, into liquid fuels, volatile fatty acids, aldehydes, alcohols, and lactic acid.

Abstract: The present application refers to a process for preparing 6,10- and 6,9-dimethyl-5,10-undecadienyl-2-ones by telomerizing isoprene with alkyl acetoacetates in the presence of a catalyst system containing a transition metal compound catalyst and a phosphorus- or arsenic-containing compound cocatalyst, wherein the process is performed in the presence of a protic additive of the general formula in which: R1, R2, R3 represent an alkyl group with 1 to 9 carbon atoms, branched or unbranched, a cycloalkyl group with 6 to 8 carbon atoms, an aryl group, in particular phenyl, or an arylalkyl group, X(−) represents an inorganic or organic anion, y is 1 or 2, and the &bgr;-ketoester so obtained is saponified and decarboxylated in a manner known per se.

Abstract: A process is provided for the preparation of compounds of Formula (1): wherein X1 and X2 are each independently H, Cl or F, provided that at least one of X1 and X2 is Cl or F; one of R1 and R2 is H and the other is OH; and R5 is an unsubstituted alkyl, preferably a C1-6 alkyl, group.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the preparation of ketones by contacting one or more carboxylic acids with a niobium catalyst at elevated temperatures. The process includes the use of a modified base-exchanged niobium catalyst that is particularly useful for the production of cyclopropyl ketones such as cyclopropyl methyl ketone from cyclopropanecarboxylic acid and acetic acid.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for thermally converting volatile fatty acid (VFA) salts to ketones by mixing dry calcium salts of VFAs with hot heat transfer agent in an evacuated container, thereby causing thermal decomposition of the calcium salts of VFAs to form ketone-containing vapor and calcium carbonate; and separating the ketone-containing vapor from the calcium carbonate and heat transfer agent by condensing a mixture of ketones from the ketone-containing vapor. This invention also provides a process for conversion of VFA salts, produced by anaerobic fermentation of cellulosic biomass, into liquid fuels, volatile fatty acids, aldehydes, alcohols, and lactic acid.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for manufacture of organic products, particularly chemical intermediates, by oxidation of organic feedstocks. A membrane unit containing a membrane selectively permeable to the organic over argon is used to recover the feedstock from the argon purge stream.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for thermally converting volatile fatty acid (VFA) salts to ketones by mixing dry calcium salts of VFAs with hot heat transfer agent in an evacuated container, thereby causing thermal decomposition of the calcium salts of VFAs to form ketone-containing vapor and calcium carbonate; and separating the ketone-containing vapor from the calcium carbonate and heat transfer agent by condensing a mixture of ketones from the ketone-containing vapor.

Abstract: Processes for efficiently producing .alpha.-halo ketones, .alpha.-halohydrins and epoxides on an industrial scale. The prosesses include one for producing an .alpha.-halo ketone of general formula (3) by decarboxylating a product of reaction between a carboxilic acid derivative of general formula (1) and a metal enolate prepared from an .alpha.-haloacetic acid of general formula (2) or an acceptable salt thereof, one for producing an by reducing the .alpha.-halo ketone (3), and one for producing an epoxide (13) by treating the .alpha.-halohydrin (11) with a base to effect ring closure. The above prosesses are particularly suitable for producing optically active .alpha.-halo ketones, .alpha.-halohydrins and epoxides from the corresponding .alpha.-amino acid derivatives.

Abstract: Cross-coupling or addition reactions of organic compounds, including acid halides, allylic halides, and .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carbonyl containing compounds, with organozinc compounds may be readily and safely carried out in the presence of cuprous iodide. The use of this catalyst in the coupling reaction provides for the preparation of commercially useful products in the pharmaceutical, agrochemical and other industries.

Abstract: A condensed phase process for the preparation of purified 2,3-pentanedione from lactic acid and an alkali metal lactate is described. The process uses elevated temperatures between about 200.degree. to 360.degree. C. for heating a reaction mixture of lactic acid and an alkali metal lactate to produce the 2,3-pentanedione in a reaction vessel. The 2,3-pentanedione produced is vaporized from the reaction vessel and condensed with water.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing a ketone represented by a general formula RCOR' (wherein R is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.17 alkyl group, a C.sub.7 -C.sub.12 aralkyl group, a C.sub.7 -C.sub.12 aryl group or a C.sub.5 -C.sub.8 cycloalkyl group; R' is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.17 alkyl group, a C.sub.7 -C.sub.12 aralkyl group, a C.sub.7 -C.sub.12 aryl group or a C.sub.5 -C.sub.8 cycloalkyl group; R and R' may the same), which process comprises reacting a carboxylic acid represented by a general formula RCOOH (wherein R has the same definition as given above) with a carboxylic acid represented by a general formula R'COOH (wherein R' has the same definition as given above) in a gas phase in the presence of a catalyst containing at least either of MgO and CaO.The process allows for production of an intended ketone at a high yield at high productivity.

Abstract: The present invention provides processes for making alkynyl ketones and precursors thereof, using less expensive reagents and/or hydrocarbon solvents and/or higher temperatures.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel 3,3-dioxy-4,4,4-trifluorobutyric acid derivatives of the formula (I) ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently of one another represent C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 -alkyl, or represent cyclohexyl, or represent optionally substituted C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 -aryl or C.sub.7 -C.sub.14 -arylalkyl, orR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together represent C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 -alkylene which is optionally mono- or disubstituted by methyl, or optionally substituted ortho-arylene,R.sup.3 represents hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 -alkyl, or represents cycloalkyl, or represents optionally substituted C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 -aryl or C.sub.7 -C.sub.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of purified 2,3-pentanedione from lactic compound which is lactic acid or a lactic acid ester. The process uses elevated temperatures between about 250.degree. to 370.degree. C. for heating a support (catalyst 16) and pressures between about 0.1 to 10 MPa to produce the 2,3-pentanedione in a reaction mixture. The lactic compound is converted primarily to 2,3-pentanedione, acrylic acid, and acetaldehyde at the elevated temperatures over the catalyst. The 2,3-pentanedione is preferably separated from the reaction mixture as an azeotrope with water at about 80.degree. to 90.degree. C. and then cooled to separate the 2,3-pentanedione from the water.

Abstract: Cyclic ketones, notably cyclopentanone and 2,2-dimethylcyclopentanone, are simply, economically and efficiently prepared, even on an industrial scale, by decarboxylating/cyclizing a dicarboxylic acid, in liquid phase, in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of a condensed or uncondensed neutral phosphate.

Abstract: A process for the production of fatty ketones by pyrolysis of fatty acid magnesium salts wherein fatty acids corresponding to formula (I):R.sup.1 COOH (I)in which R.sup.1 CO is an aliphatic acyl radical containing 12 to 22 carbon atoms and 0, 1, 2 or 3 double bonds, are heated to temperatures of 320.degree. to 360.degree. C. in the presence of magnesium oxide and the fatty ketones formed are distilled off from the reaction mixture under reduced pressure.

Abstract: The preparation of magnesium benzyl fluoromalonate and other equivalent materials, the synthetic equivalents of the --CH.sub.2 F moiety, is described. Reaction between these reagents and the in situ-formed imidazolides of various carboxylic acids gives beta-keto-alpha-fluoroesters, which upon hydrogenation and spontaneous decarboxylation yields fluoromethyl ketones in excellent yields. The overall transformation from RCOOH to RCOCH.sub.2 F is thus illustrated.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the preparation of .alpha.-iodocarbonyl compounds such as .alpha.-iodocarboxylic acid anhydrides and .alpha.-iodoketones by the reaction of a carboxylic anhydride with molecular iodine. Hydrolysis of the .alpha.-iodocarboxylic acid anhydrides gives the corresponding .alpha.-iodocarboxylic acids.

Abstract: The preparation of magnesium benzyl fluoromalonate and other equivalent materials, the synthetic equivalents of the --CH.sub.2 F moiety, is described. Reaction between these reagents and the in situ-formed imidazolides of various carboxylic acids gives beta-keto-alpha-fluoroesters, which upon hydrogenation and spontaneous decarboxylation yields fluoromethyl ketones in excellent yields. The overall transformation from RCOOH to RCOCH.sub.2 F is thus illustrated.

Abstract: Oligomers produced from lower alkenes by acidic zeolite catalyzed oligomerization can be converted to useful lubricant additives or lubricants by acylation of olefinic bonds in the oligomers, whereby oligomers containing alpha, beta unsaturated ketone structures are produced. The products so produced from C.sub.20 + olefins exhibit favorable lubricant qualities of viscosity index and low pour points. The discovery is particularly applicable to the acylation of oligomers produced from lower alkenes such as propylene by oligomerization using a ZSM-5 catalyst which has been surface deactivated.

Abstract: A process for preparing asymmetric ketones by using a catalyst containing cerium oxide on an aluminum oxide support where the asymmetric ketones are prepared from carboxylic acid mixture at high conversions and good selectivity. The asymmetric ketones produced are for instance methyl-ethyl-ketone, ethyl-butyl-ketone, methyl-isopropyl-ketone or methyl-octyl-ketone.

Abstract: The preparation of ketones by reacting an acylating agent with an organo-manganous compound is catalyzed by a copper compound.

Abstract: A stereoselective process is described for preparing optically active alpha,beta-disubstituted carbonyl compounds, comprising forming an acetal between an alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone and tartaric acid or a derivative thereof, halogenating the product thus obtained, and restoring the carbonyl compound.

Abstract: Ketones of the general formula (I) ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently of one another are each alkyl, cycyloalkyl, arylalkyl, aryl or hetaryl, and one or more of the radicals R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 carry one or more hydrogen atoms on the .alpha.-carbon atom, are prepared by reacting two carboxylic acids of the general formulae (IIa/IIb), R.sup.1 --COOH (IIa) and R.sup.2 --COOH (IIb) or by reacting a carboxylic acid R.sup.1 --COOH (IIa) and a ketone ##STR2## or by reacting a mixture of IIa, IIb and Ib, in the gas phase in the presence of a catalyst, by a process in which a catalyst is used whose active material contains at least 50% by weight of titanium dioxide having a specific surface area greater than 10 m.sup.2 /g.0.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of perfluoroalkylated ketones and/or perfluoroalkylated alcohols, comprising the step of contacting a perfluoroalkyl iodide or perfluoroalkyl bromide with an acid anhydride, in the presence of a metal chosen from zinc and cadmium.

Abstract: An aliphatic ketone is produced by reacting a carbonyl complex of a metal of Group VIII of the Periodic Table of the Elements, for example a rhodium carbonyl complex, with an aliphatic hydrocarbyl halide, for example an alkyl iodide.

Abstract: Process of preparation of ketones by the reaction of an organo-metallic compound with a compound carrying a carbonyl, within a solvent, in the presence of a manganous salt as catalyst. The manganous salt is in the form of a double salt of Mn and an alkali metal cation.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a perfluoroalkyl ketone. A perfluoroalkyl halide, zinc and an ester are brought into contact with one another. Preferably a polar aprotic solvent and/or a pyridine is also present.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for the preparation of a dialkyl ketone from an aliphatic carboxylic acid in the presence of a catalyst comprising manganese dioxide on a support of catalytically active alumina. This method is a convenient way of making diethyl ketone from propionic acid.

Abstract: The invention disclosed herein is a process for preparing aliphatic anhydrides comprising contacting a divinyl ether with carboxylic acid in the presence of a catalytic amount of a strong acid. The invention is further a process for preparing alkylidene dicarboxylates, which are intermediates in the above preparation of aliphatic anhydride.

Abstract: Ethyl 2-acetyl-4-methyl-4-pentenoate develops a fruity-flowery, aromatic, faintly herbaceous scent of natural character and consequently can be used advantageously in numerous fragrance compositions of different nature and to impart a distinct odor to consumable materials.

Abstract: There is disclosed a solution of at least one fluoroxy compound, wherein said solution has a fluoroxy compound concentration of at least 0.5 meq/liter; said concentration containing about 35 to 100% of an acyl hypofluorite, based on the total number of equivalents of fluoroxy compounds present. The acyl hypofluorite has the formula X(CF.sub.2).sub.n COOF wherein X is H or F and n is 5 to 16. The solution is prepared by treating a suspension of a corresponding specified alkali salt with excess F.sub.2, and is useful as a selective fluorinating agent.

Abstract: Preparation of aliphatic alpha, beta-unsaturated carboxylic acids from the corresponding saturated acids by oxidative dehydrogenation, at a temperature between 250.degree. and 500.degree. C., in the presence of a catalyst of empirical formula: FeP.sub.x Me.sub.y Me'.sub.t O.sub.z wherein Me is at least one alkali or alkaline earth element, Me' is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ni, Cu, Ce, Al, Zr, Hf and Pr, x is between 0.2 and 15, y is between 0.01 and 2, t is between 0.01 and 5 and z is such as to satisfy the valencies of the other elements.

Abstract: A process for producing 2-methyl-2-phenyl-4-hexanone comprising reacting the Grignard reagent having the structure: ##STR1## with propianic anhydride having the structure: ##STR2##

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the oxidation of unsaturated hydrocarbons, particularly butenes and isobutylene, for the production of acetic acid, propionic acid and acetone. Specifically the invention comprises the highly selective oxidation of an unsaturated hydrocarbon or of a mixture of unsaturated hydrocarbons in the presence of a catalyst consisting of a complex of trivalent cobalt and of a carbonyl compound, of the aldehydic or ketonic type.

Abstract: .alpha., .beta.-unsaturated-ketones are synthesized by reacting with an aldehyde and an alkali metal salt of acetoacetic acid in the presence of an aliphatic secondary amine in the mixture of heterogeneous solvents producing an oil layer and a water layer.

Abstract: Olefinic acids and esters, such as methacrylic acid and methylmethacrylate, are prepared by contacting in the presence of molecular oxygen the corresponding saturated acid or ester, such as isobutyric acid or methylisobutyrate with the catalyst of the empirical formula:Mo.sub.12 P.sub.0.1-3 M.sub.0.1-3 Cu.sub.0.01-2 V.sub.0.01-2 X.sub.0.01-2 M'.sub.a O.sub.b (I)whereM is at least one of K, Rb and Cs;X is at least one of Ba, La, Ga, Al, Ag, Cd, Ti, Tl, Hg, Pb and Zn;M' is at least one of Fe, Co, Ni, Sr, Mn, In, Ta, Ge, S and Be when a >0;a is a number of 0 to about 2; andb is a number that satisfies the valence requirements of the other elements present.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of di-n-propyl-acetic acid, comprising the steps of:A. catalytically reacting n-butyric acid with cleavage of carbon dioxide and water to form heptanone-4;B. hydrogenating heptanone-4 in teh presence of a catalyst to form heptanol-4;C. dehydrating heptanol-4 in the presence of an Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 catalyst to form heptene-3;D. hydroformylating heptene-3 in the presence of a rhodium complex compound as catalyst to form a mixture of 2-propyl pentanal and 2-ethyl hexanal;E. oxidizing the 2-propyl pentanal/2-ethyl hexanal mixture to form a mixture of di-n-propyl acetic acid and 2-ethyl hexanoic acid, andF. separating the mixture of di-n-propyl acetic acid and 2-ethyl hexanoic acid to recover pure di-n-propyl acetic acid.If desired, step B can be carried out without purification of the product of step A. Moreover, the dehydration of step C can be carried out without previous purification of the product of step B.

Abstract: Saturated, lower aliphatic acids and esters are oxydehydrogenated to the corresponding unsaturated acids and esters by use of a catalyst of the empirical formula:Mo.sub.12 P.sub.0.1-3 Bi.sub.0.01-2 M.sub.0.1-3 Cu.sub.0.01-2 V.sub.0.01-3 X.sub.a M'.sub.b O.sub.c (I)whereM is at least one of K, Rb and Cs;X is at least one of Ba, Zn, Ga, Cd, Ti, when a>0;M' is at least one of Ca, Mg, Ta, Zr, Ce, Ni, Co, Cr, Fe and Tl when b>0;a is a number of 0 to about 2;b is a number of 0 to about 2; andc is a number that satisfies the valence requirements of the other elements present.

Abstract: Compounds of the structure ##STR1## wherein X is --F or Cl and each R is independently --H, --CH.sub.3, --C.sub.2 H.sub.5, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3 or M where M is an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, ammonium or a quaternary ammonium are disclosed. The above compounds are prepared by treating a compound of the structure ##STR2## where each R.sup.1 is independently --CH.sub.3, --C.sub.2 H.sub.5, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3 or --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3 ; or ##STR3## with a strong protic acid, followed, as desired, by base hydrolysis to form carboxylate salts (R.dbd.M).

Abstract: Ketones may be prepared from carboxylic acid esters by treating said esters at elevated temperatures in the range of from about 50.degree. to about 300.degree. C. and pressures ranging from 1 to about 300 atmospheres in the presence of a catalyst comprising a compound containing a metal of Group VIII of the Periodic Table. In addition, reaction is also effected in the presence of a quaternary alkylammonium salt which will increase the conversion of the ester to the desired ketone. Examples of catalysts which are employed will include the salts, carbonyls, and organometallic complexes of rhodium and cobalt.

Abstract: A process is described for the preparation of allyl acetone (5-hexen-2-one) according to the reaction: ##STR1## wherein R is methyl or ethyl; X is chloro or bromo; M is sodium or potassium; and Q is sodium or potassium, the reaction being carried out (i) using a phase transfer agent and (ii) in a two phase system.

Abstract: This invention disclosed herein relates to pharmacologically active 15-deoxy-16-hydroxy prostaglandin derivatives of the E and F series wherein C.sub.16 is substituted with allenyl.These compounds are active as hypotensives, antisecretory, bronchodilating and fertility control agents.

Abstract: Lower alkanoate esters of alcohols are contacted in the vapor phase and at elevated temperatures with certain metal oxide catalysts to produce the aldehyde or ketone corresponding to said alcohol. Preferred catalysts include nickel oxide, zinc oxide and chromium oxide.

Abstract: Disclosed are improved procedures for preparing pinacolone from compounds of general formula (I) ##STR1## wherein, either adjacent two of A, B, C and D form a single bond between them and the remaining two are hydrogen atoms, or both A and D are hydrogen atoms and one of B and C is a hydrogen atom and the other represents OH, Cl, Br, HSO.sub.4, H.sub.2 PO.sub.4 or ClO.sub.4, anda new procedure which enables preparing pinacolone from a compound of general formula (II) ##STR2## wherein, both W and Y are each hydrogen atoms and X and Z are the same or different and each represents OH, Cl, Br, HSO.sub.4, H.sub.2 PO.sub.4, ClO.sub.4 or RCOO wherein R is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group of 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or one of W and Y is a hydrogen atom and the other forms a single bond together with X, and Z represents OH, Cl, Br, HSO.sub.4 H.sub.2 PO.sub.4, ClO.sub.4 or RCOO where R is defined as above.

Abstract: Derivatives, analogs, and congeners of prostane having a 1-(hydroxymethyl)-1-oxo-prostane structure in the F.sub.1 series.