Abstract: A compound represented by the formula I wherein is indicating a double bond either at C4 or at C5, or single bonds, R1, R2, R3, R4 are independently selected from H or Me, and R5, R6 are independently selected from Me or Et, and wherein the compound is not 9-hydroxy-5,9-dimethyldec-4-enal or 9-hydroxy-5,9-dimethyldecanal. Said compounds are useful as perfume ingredients in personal care and household care products.

Abstract: The instant invention relates to a process and plant for the transformation of dangerous wastes containing chromium six as contaminant into non dangerous wastes that can be stored without special care and will be degraded in the environment without time limit. The process basically consists of milling, extracting chromium six in liquid phase and under controlled conditions of stirring, time and temperature, proceeding then, through reduction, to transform the chromium six in chromium three and then precipitating as chromium trioxide, through gasification. The solid resulting from the transformation process can be used as raw material for the manufacturing of firebricks or eventually for the manufacturing of bricks used in the building industry through a process not included in the instant description.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a preparation of ?-? ene carboxylic or ketone derivatives, which may also have particular requirement on the configuration of the carbon-carbon double bond. The method requires a thermal treatment of ?-? unsaturated malonate or acetylacetonate derivatives in the presents of at least one carboxylic acid and at least one alkaline, alkaline-earth or lanthanide halide or carboxylates.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for generating propylene glycol, ethylene glycol and other polyols, diols, ketones, aldehydes, carboxylic acids and alcohols from biomass using hydrogen produced from the biomass. The methods involve reacting a portion of an aqueous stream of a biomass feedstock solution over a catalyst under aqueous phase reforming conditions to produce hydrogen, and then reacting the hydrogen and the aqueous feedstock solution over a catalyst to produce propylene glycol, ethylene glycal and the other polyols, diols, ketones, aldehydes, carboxylic acids and alcohols. The disclosed methods can be run at lower temperatures and pressures, and allows for the production of oxygenated hydrocarbons without the need for hydrogen from an external source.

Abstract: A method for producing a catalyst containing at least molybdenum, bismuth and iron including the steps of kneading particles containing catalyst components, an organic binder and a liquid, where the organic binder contains at least a high-viscosity organic binder having a viscosity of from 5,000 mPa·s to 25,000 mPa·s and a low-viscosity organic binder having a viscosity of from 10 mPa·s to less than 5,000 mPa·s, and extrusion molding the resultant kneaded mixture is provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for catalytically oxidizing unsaturated hydrocarbons to form oxidation products, and to the production of saturated alcohols, ketones, aldehydes or carboxylic acids by subsequently hydrogenating the oxidation product. A compound of formula (I) is used as a catalyst during oxidizing in which: R1, R2═H, an aliphatic or aromatic alkoxy radical, carboxyl radical, alkoxycarbonyl radical or hydrocarbon radical, each having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, SO3H, NH2, OH, F, Cl, Br, I and/or NO2, whereby R1 and R2 signify identical or different radicals or R1 and R2 can be coupled to one another via a covalent bond, with Q1, Q2=the same or different, C, CH, N; X, Z═C, S or CH2; Y═O or OH; k=0, 1 or 2; 1=0, 1 or 2; m=1 to 100 in the presence of a radical initiator. Peroxy compounds or azo compounds can be used as radical initiators. Preferred substrates are cyclic aliphatic or aromatic compounds.

Abstract: The subject invention provides a binuclear metal complex having structure (I) wherein M1, and M2 are independently selected from the group consisting of Fe, Co, Mn and Ru; wherein m and n are independently +2 or +3; wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 are independently a linear C1-C6 alkyl, C5-C6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, etc.; wherein (i) R1 and R2, (ii) R3 and R4, or (iii) R5 and R6 independently and optionally are linked covalently and together with the respective adjoining C atom comprise a spirocyclic ring; wherein i, j and k are integers such that 2≦i+j+k≦4; wherein p is 1 or 2, and q is 0, 1 or 2 such that m+n−4=p×q; wherein (i) R1 or R2 and R3 or R4, (ii) R3 or R4 and R4 or R5, or (iii) R1 or R2 and R5 or R6 independently and optionally are linked covalently and together with the respective adjoining C atoms comprise a fused ring; wherein Ar is 1,2-phenylene, 1,2- or 2,3-naphthylene, etc.

Abstract: A process for a combined selective thermal oxidation and photooxidation of hydrocarbons adsorbed onto zeolite matrices. A highly combined selective thermal oxidation and photooxidation of unsubstituted or alkyl substituted alkanes, alkenes, aromatics and cycloalkyls in solvent free zeolites under dark thermal conditions or under irradiation with visible light. The process oxidizes hydrocarbons almost completely selectively without substantial production of byproducts.

Abstract: A process for selective thermal oxidation of hydrocarbons adsorbed onto zeolite matrices. A highly selective thermal oxidation of unsubstituted or alkyl substituted alkanes, alkenes, aromatics and cycloalkyls is carried out in solvent free zeolites under dark thermal conditions. The process oxidizes hydrocarbons almost completely selectively without substantial production of byproducts.

Abstract: The compound, (E)-(1R,3R)-5-[(R)-11-hydroxy-7,11-dimethyl-dodec-2-enylidene]-cyclohexane -1,3-diol of the formula I: ##STR1## is useful in the treatment or prevention of hyperproliferative skin diseases, particularly psoriasis, basal cell carcinomas, disorders of keratinization and keratosis; or for reversing the conditions associated with photodamage.

Abstract: A process for selective thermal oxidation or photooxidation of hydrocarbons adsorbed onto zeolite matrices. A highly selective thermal oxidation and photooxidation of unsubstituted or alkyl substituted alkanes, alkenes, aromatics and cycloalkyls in solvent free zeolites under dark thermal conditions or under irradiation with visible light. The process oxidizes hydrocarbons almost completely selectively without substantial production of byproducts.

Abstract: The present invention provides aqueous catalyst solutions useful for oxidation of olefins to carbonyl products, comprising a palladium catalyst, a polyoxoacid or polyoxoanion oxidant comprising vanadium, and chloride ions. It also provides processes for oxidation of olefins to carbonyl products, comprising contacting olefin with the aqueous catalyst solutions of the present invention. It also provides processes for oxidation of olefins to carbonyl products by dioxygen, comprising contacting olefin with the aqueous catalyst solutions of the present invention, and further comprising contacting dioxygen with the aqueous catalyst solutions. The present invention also provides a process for the oxidation of palladium(0) to palladium(II) comprising contacting the palladium(0) with an aqueous solution comprising chloride ions and a polyoxoacid or polyoxoanion oxidant comprising vanadium.

Abstract: Nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic ligand-metal complexes and their use for the activation of hydrogen peroxide and dioxgen are disclosed. Processes whereby activated hydrogen peroxide or dioxygen are used to transform various organic substrates are also disclosed. In particular, processes for the conversion of methylenic carbons to carbonyls, for the dioxygenation of aryl olefins, acetylenes and aryl-.alpha.-diols, for the oxidation of alcohols and aldehydes and for the removal of mercaptans from gaseous streams and for the removal of hydrogen sulfide and/or mercaptans from liquid streams are disclosed.

Abstract: Tischtschenko condensation of aldehydes is used to remove aldehydes from dry ketone-containing streams. The tischtschenko condensation is used to condense the aldehydes into esters whose boiling points are significantly different than the ketones, greatly simplifying the separation of the esters from the ketones. An organic extraction step is used to obtain a substantially dry ketone containing stream. One particularly preferred class of extraction solvents is selected from the group consisting of butane, pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane and mixtures thereof. In particularly preferred embodiments, the Tischtschenko reaction is used in the context of aqueous-phase catalyzed olefin oxidation to ketones. The aldehyde to ester condensation permits easy and efficient removal of the aldehyde analogs of the desired ketones.

Abstract: An improved process is provided for forming ketones from the corresponding olefins by vapor phase oxidation of the olefin in the presence of water vapor, and optionally in the additional presence of molecular oxygen employing a heterogeneous catalyst comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of Ce, Nd and La and compounds and complexes thereof, optionally containing at least one metal compound or complex selected from the group consisting of Group VIB metals and Group VIII noble metals, and mixtures thereof. It has been surprisingly found that these catalysts effect the formation of ketones in high selectivities with minimal selectivities to the undesirable carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide by-products.

Abstract: An improved process is provided for forming ketones from the corresponding olefins in the vapor phase in the presence of water vapor employing a heterogeneous catalyst comprising a molybdenum disulfide catalyst formed by the thermal decomposition of a thiomolybdate compound. It has been surprisingly found that these catalysts effect the formation of ketones in high selectivities with minimal selectivities to the undesirable carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide by-products.

Abstract: Vapor phase process for the preparation of unsaturated aldehydes, carboxylic acids and mixtures thereof which comprises contacting a gaseous mixture of an open-chain olefin of from 3 to 8 carbon atoms, water and oxygen at an elevated temperature up to about 250.degree. with a solid catalyst comprising a catalytically effective amount of noble metal promoted by a solid acid consisting of mixed metal oxides.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the oxidation of unsaturated hydrocarbons, particularly butenes and isobutylene, for the production of acetic acid, propionic acid and acetone. Specifically the invention comprises the highly selective oxidation of an unsaturated hydrocarbon or of a mixture of unsaturated hydrocarbons in the presence of a catalyst consisting of a complex of trivalent cobalt and of a carbonyl compound, of the aldehydic or ketonic type.

Abstract: A stabilized heteropoly molybdate catalyst precursor in calcined form and containing anionic molybdenum in defect state is surface impregnated with certain metal cations. The stabilized precursor is one obtained by incorporating into the reaction product of a molybdate and a soluble phosphate, silicate or arsenate, an aqueous chloride ion and a compound of phosphotungstate, silicotungstate, vanadium arsenate, silico-arsenate, phosphovanadate, or silicovanadate, followed by drying and calcining. During the chloride ion stabilization step other metals may be optionally incorporated in forming the stabilized precursor.The obtained precursor is catalytically active in the conversion of the unsaturated aldehydes to the corresponding unsaturated carboxylic acids with or without incorporation of the metal cation during the chloride ion stabilization step.

Abstract: An oxidation process in which a metal nitro complex transfers an oxygen atom from the nitro ligand to a substrate; especially such process conducted cyclically or catalytically using molecular oxygen as the oxygen source. Metal nitrosyl complex is formed as a coproduct together with an oxidation product of the substrate. In a cyclic process, nitrosyl ligand of the metal nitrosyl coproduct is reoxidized by molecular oxygen in presence of a monodentate base such as pyridine to nitro ligand; and the nitro complex, thus regenerated, can be used again to oxidize the substrate. In a catalytic process, using an activator such as a Lewis acid with alcohols or divalent palladium with olefins, elemental oxygen maintains a concentration of nitro ligand in the reaction mixture. In particular the metal is a Group VIII metal, especially cobalt and the ligand is saloph or tetraphenylporphyrin.

Abstract: Hexafluoropropylene may be conventionally oxidized to form an impure mixture comprising hexafluoroacetone and residual hexafluoropropylene, which materials are separable only with difficulty. The impure mixture may be subjected to reducing conditions to hydrogenate the hexafluoroacetone to a hexafluoroisopropanol product, which product is easily separable from the hexafluoropropylene impurity, which impurity may be recycled for further oxygenation and production of the acetone. Alternatively, hexafluoroisopropanol may be conventionally made from hexachloroacetone to form an impure mixture of hexafluoroacetone and HF. When this impure mixture is hydrogenated, the resulting hexafluoroisopropanol, mixed with hydrogen fluoride, is formed. Either of these alcohol products may be reacted with hydrogen fluoride and a formaldehyde to obtain a fluoromethyl-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl ether, which is a useful anesthetic.

Abstract: Catalysts for the oxidation of unsaturated aldehydes, said catalysts being expressed by the formulaA.sub.a B.sub.b C.sub.c Mo.sub.d P.sub.e O.sub.fwherein A represents at least one element selected from K, Rb, Cs and Tl; B represents at least one element selected from Be, Ag, Y, La, Nd, Sm and Hf; C represents at least one element selected from V, Cr, Ba, Sr, Al, Sn, Pb, Mn, Zr, W and Bi; a, b, c, d, e and f are the number of the atoms of A, B, C, Mo, P and O, respectively; and when d is 12, a, b and e are independently 0.05 to 12, c is 0 to 12, and f is the number of oxygen atoms which satisfies the valences of the other elements.

Abstract: A butene may be oxidized in the vapor phase at elevated temperatures to produce acetic acid by reacting the butene with molecular oxygen in the presence of a catalyst comprising a composition of the empirical formula:V.sub.f Sb.sub.g X.sub.h Me.sub.i O.sub.Jwherein V is vanadium, Sb is antimony, and O is oxygen, wherein X represents a metal which is one or more of Bi, Nb, Co, Nd, Sm, Zn, Zr or Cr, and wherein Me represents a metal which is one or more of Al, Fe or Sn, the metal represented by Me being optionally present.