Abstract: The current invention relates to a method of separating polyunsaturated fatty acids containing lipids from a lipids containing biomass by using acetone.

Abstract: A method for purifying acetone includes contacting an initial solution with a basic ion-exchange resin at a temperature of 15° C. to 30° C., wherein the initial solution comprises acetone and acetone impurities; and removing the acetone impurities from the initial solution with the basic ion-exchange resin to produce a purified solution.

Abstract: Methods, compositions, and systems related to preparing gaseous 18F-compounds for use in radiolabeling positron emission tomography (PET) tracer precursor compounds are disclosed. [18F]fluoride ions produced by conventional methods are converted by reaction with an acid anhydride having the formula: to a gaseous 18F-compound having the formula: wherein each R is independently a substituted or unsubstituted, straight chain or branched C1-C4 alkyl group. The gaseous 18F-compounds, which also can be readily trapped on solid-phase extraction media or in organic solvents such as acetonitrile, provide an alternative source of [18F]fluoride for use in the nucleophilic substitution reactions that are used to synthesize a large number of 18F-labeled PET imaging tracers, including 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG).

Abstract: In an embodiment, a method of recovering acetone comprises separating a bisphenol A stream into a bisphenol A product stream and an extraction stream comprising unreacted acetone; recovering the unreacted acetone in a recovery section of the bisphenol A production facility and forming a bisphenol A plant acetone recovery stream comprising methanol and a recovered acetone; introducing the bisphenol A plant acetone recovery stream to a phenol purification plant; and purifying the bisphenol A plant acetone recovery stream in the phenol purification plant to form an acetone product stream. The acetone product stream can comprise a reduced amount of methanol as compared to the bisphenol A plant acetone recovery stream.

Abstract: A method for purifying a crude acetone raw material containing low molecular weight impurities using two columns is disclosed. Crude acetone raw material is fed into a first column; adding an alkaline reagent and an oxidative agent into the first column to form high molecular weight impurities; removing a top fraction from the first column by distillation to form bottom fraction containing an acetone mixture containing high molecular weight impurities; feeding the bottom fraction containing the acetone mixture obtained to a second rectification column at a charge point on the column; adding an alkaline reagent to the second column above the charge point of the bottom fraction fed; and separating a purified acetone from the high molecular weight impurities and removing the purified acetone as a top fraction by distillation in the second column, wherein the second rectification column is operated at atmospheric pressure.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to high molecular weight polystyrene-polydialkylsiloxane-polystyrene (“SDS”) triblock copolymer compositions and methods of separating one or more organic compounds from an aqueous solution using membranes derived from SDS triblock copolymers. The methods may be used to separate the one or more organic compounds from an aqueous solution produced in a fermentation process. In some embodiments, the one or more organic compounds include an alcohol, such as, for example, ethanol. In other embodiments, the one or more organic compounds include acetone. In other embodiments, the one or more organic compounds include acetone, ethanol, and n-butanol produced in an acetone-ethanol-n-butanol (ABE) fermentation process. In other embodiments, the one or more organic compounds include one or more byproducts produced in a fermentation process.

Abstract: The present invention provided a method for salting-out extraction of acetone and butanol from a fermentation broth, characterized in that one type, or two or more types of salts and one type, or two or more types of extractants are added to an acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation broth, in which the salt saturation achieves 10%˜100%; and the volume ratio of the fermentation broth containing salts to the extractants is 1:0.1˜1:5. The mixture is allowed to stand until phase separation is formed. The top phase is a solvent phase or extraction phase enriched with acetone and butanol whereas the bottom phase is a salt-enriched phase or raffinate phase. This method involves many advantages, such as the simplified operation procedure, accelerated separation process and low separation cost, and therefore becomes a promising method of separating acetone and butanol in industrial application.

Abstract: A method for purifying a crude acetone raw material containing low molecular weight impurities using two columns is disclosed. Crude acetone raw material is fed into a first column; adding an alkaline reagent and an oxidative agent into the first column to form high molecular weight impurities; removing a top fraction from the first column by distillation to form bottom fraction containing an acetone mixture containing high molecular weight impurities; feeding the bottom fraction containing the acetone mixture obtained to a second rectification column at a charge point on the column; adding an alkaline reagent to the second column above the charge point of the bottom fraction fed; and separating a purified acetone from the high molecular weight impurities and removing the purified acetone as a top fraction by distillation in the second column, wherein the second rectification column is operated at atmospheric pressure.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of treating a crude acetone stream. The method generally includes treating a crude acetone stream which has acetone and at least one low-boiling impurity with a catalyst to form a treated acetone stream that has acetone and at least one higher-boiling impurity and then distilling the treated acetone stream to remove at least a portion of the higher-boiling impurity to produce a purified acetone stream. This is particularly helpful in processes where a more pure acetone is desired, including a process for making purified isopropanol.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods, reactor systems, and catalysts for converting in a continuous process biomass to less complex oxygenated compounds for use in downstream processes to produce biofuels and chemicals. The invention includes methods of converting the components of biomass, such as hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin, to water-soluble materials, including lignocellulosic derivatives, cellulosic derivatives, hemicellulosic derivatives, carbohydrates, starches, polysaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, sugars, sugar alcohols, alditols, polyols, diols, alcohols, ketones, cyclic ethers, esters, carboxylic acids, aldehydes, and mixtures thereof, using hydrogen and a heterogeneous liquefaction catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of treating a crude acetone stream. The method generally includes treating a crude acetone stream which has acetone and at least one low-boiling impurity with a catalyst to form a treated acetone stream that has acetone and at least one higher-boiling impurity and then distilling the treated acetone stream to remove at least a portion of the higher-boiling impurity to produce a purified acetone stream. This is particularly helpful in processes where a more pure acetone is desired, including a process for making purified isopropanol.

Abstract: The present invention provided a method for salting-out extraction of acetone and butanol from a fermentation broth, characterized in that one type, or two or more types of salts and one type, or two or more types of extractants are added to an acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation broth, in which the salt saturation achieves 10%˜100%; and the volume ratio of the fermentation broth containing salts to the extractants is 1:0.1˜1:5. The mixture is allowed to stand until phase separation is formed. The top phase is a solvent phase or extraction phase enriched with acetone and butanol whereas the bottom phase is a salt-enriched phase or raffinate phase. This method involves many advantages, such as the simplified operation procedure, accelerated separation process and low separation cost, and therefore becomes a promising method of separating acetone and butanol in industrial application.

Abstract: The present invention provides energy and economically efficient and environmentally responsible processes for using acetone to dry, dehydrate and/or dewater various hydrated feedstocks.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are processes for removing water from organic compounds, especially polar compounds such as alcohols. The processes include a membrane-based dehydration step, using a membrane that has a dioxole-based polymer selective layer or the like and a hydrophilic selective layer, and can operate even when the stream to be treated has a high water content, such as 10 wt % or more. The processes are particularly useful for dehydrating ethanol.

Abstract: Methods for extracting an organic solute from a feed source using aromatic extraction solvents are described herein. Solvent modifiers such as, for example, cetyl alcohol may also be used to alter the properties of the solvent and improve the extraction. In some embodiments, the extraction solvent can be recycled after performing the extraction. In some embodiments, the organic solute may be separated from the extraction solvent after the extraction. For example, in some embodiments, the organic solute may be adsorbed on to 5 ? molecular sieve zeolites and then removed thereafter. Removal of the organic solute can take place by heating, applying a vacuum or a combination thereof. Apparatuses for extracting an organic solute from a feed source are also described herein.

Abstract: A method for purifying a crude acetone raw material containing low molecular weight impurities using three columns in sequence is disclosed.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for the recovery of an organic moiecule from the overhead vapor phase of aqueous media by adsorbing onto an adsorbent, wherein no additional thermal energy for said vaporization is provided, and wherein the organic molecule is recovered afterwards by desorbing from the adsorber.

Abstract: The present invention provides energy and economically efficient and environmentally responsible processes for using acetone to dry, dehydrate and/or dewater various hydrated feedstocks.

Abstract: To provide a process for producing anhydrous hexafluoroacetone from hexafluoroacetone hydrate. To provide a process taking environment into consideration, that does not require a treatment of wastes, such as waste sulfuric acid, containing organic substances, which is inevitable in processes conducted hitherto using concentrated sulfuric acid, fuming sulfuric acid, and the like. A process for dehydrating a hexafluoroacetone hydrate, comprising introducing a hexafluoroacetone hydrate and hydrogen fluoride either as a mixture or separately into a distillation column, obtaining a composition containing hexafluoroacetone or a hexafluoroacetone-hydrogen fluoride adduct and hydrogen fluoride as a low boiling component, and obtaining a composition containing water and hydrogen fluoride as a high boiling component.

Abstract: A method for purifying a crude acetone raw material containing low molecular weight impurities using three columns in sequence is disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with the automated control of the synthesis and purification of components useful in the synthesis and purification of volatile anesthetics. The invention is particularly useful in its application to the purification of acetone used in the purification of isoflurane.

Abstract: A process for preparing 1,3-dibromoacetone, 1-3-dichloroacetone and epichlorohydrin which comprises: (a) re-acting acetone with 2 moles of bromine to make a mixture of brominated acetone derivatives and byproduct hydrogen bromide; (b) equilibrating the mixture of brominated acetone derivatives and hydrogen bromide to produce 1,3-dibromoacetone as the major product; (c) crystallizing the 1,3-dibromoacetone; and (d) isolating the 1,3-dibromoacetone. The process may further include the steps of (e) reacting the 1,3-dibromoacetone with a chloride source to produce 1,3-dichloroacetone; (f) hydrogenating the isolated 1,3-dichloroacetone to produce 1,3-dichlorohydrin; and (g) cyclizing the 1,3-dichlorohydrin with a base to produce epichlorohydrin.

Abstract: The present invention provides a continuous process for recovering acetone from a waste stream from an acetone purification stage. The waste stream contains mesityl oxide and optionally acetone. The process for recovering acetone includes separating the waste stream in a separating device at least in one stream containing mesityl oxide and optionally a further stream containing acetone, then concentrating mesityl oxide in the mesityl oxide containing stream, and finally recycling the concentrated mesityl oxide stream to the separating device and bringing it into contact with a basic or acidic aqueous medium or with an acidic catalyst in the presence of water whereby mesityl oxide is at least partially hydrolyzed to acetone.

Abstract: The present invention relates to processes for the preparation of purified solanesol, solanesyl bromide & solanesyl acetone. Solanesyl acetone has the chemical name—all—trans 6,10,14,18,22,26,30,34,38-nonamethyl-5,9,13,17,21,25,29,33,37-triacontanonaen-2-one, of formula 1 and is used for synthesis of coenzyme Q10.

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with the automated control of the synthesis and purification of components useful in the synthesis and purification of volatile anesthetics. The invention is particularly useful in its application to the purification of acetone used in the purification of isoflurane.

Abstract: A process for the decomposition of a cumene oxidation product mixture to produce phenol and acetone with reduced by-product formation by introducing the cumene oxidation mixture into an inlet of a decomposing vessel containing indirect heat exchange surfaces wherein the cumene oxidation product mixture and a circulating stream are admixed, reacted and cooled by passage around the indirect heat exchange surfaces.

Abstract: A process for decomposing a cumene oxidation product mixture containing cumene hydroperoxide (CHP) and dimethylphenolcarbinol (DMPC) to produce phenol and acetone.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing 1,1,1-trifluoroacetone, which is useful as an intermediate of pharmaceuticals and agricultural chemicals, or as a reagent for introducing fluorine-containing groups. This process includes the step of conducting a hydrogenolysis of a halogenated trifluoroacetone, which is represented by the formula [1], by a hydrogen gas, in a liquid phase containing water, in the presence of a catalyst containing a transition metal, where X represents a chlorine, bromine or iodine, and n represents an integer from 1 to 3. It is possible by the process to easily produce 1,1,1-trifluoroacetone with high purity.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing ?-methylstyrene, acetone, and phenol wherein the amount of ?-methylstyrene produced may be controlled by selectively converting a portion of the cumene hydroperoxide to dimethyl phenyl carbinol, the hydrated form of ?-methylstyrene. The dimethyl phenyl carbinol thus produced will lead to increased production of ?-methylstyrene upon dehydration in the acid cleavage unit of the phenol plant. By controlling the fraction of the cumene hydroperoxide reduced to dimethyl phenyl carbinol, the amount of ?-methylstyrene produced in the plant can be continuously set to meet the demand of the market for ?-methylstyrene. Also disclosed is a non-acidic catalyst for reduction of cumene hydroperoxide.

Abstract: A process is provided for the production of acetone from formaldehyde and methyl chloride. In the process formaldehyde is reacted in the vapor phase with methyl chloride to produce acetone and hydrogen chloride. Acetaldehyde may be formed as an intermediate in the reaction. The byproduct hydrogen chloride may be recovered from the process to produce additional methyl chloride from methyl alcohol.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the preparation of hexafluoroacetone characterized by bringing hexafluoro-1,2-epoxypropane into contact with at least one catalyst selected from the group consisting of titanium oxide catalysts and fluorinated titanium oxide catalysts to isomerize hexafluoro-1,2-epoxypropane; and a process for the preparation of hexafluoroacetone hydrate characterized by absorbing the hexafluoroacetone prepared by the above process into water to produce crude hexafluoroacetone hydrate, neutralizing the crude hexafluoroacetone hydrate with an alkali, and distilling the resulting mixture. According to the invention, high-purity hexafluoroacetone can be obtained by isomerization of hexafluoro-1,2-epoxypropane with little formation of by-products, and substantially acid-free high-purity hexafluoroacetone hydrate can also be obtained.

Abstract: The present invention features methods for purifying polypeptides of interest using a modified Fluorescein arsenical helix binder (FlAsH) compound immobilized on a solid support. An exemplary FlAsH target sequence motif is also presented. Examples of modification of the FlAsH compound which allow immobilization to a solid support are also provided. The present invention also provides DNA constructs for producing a dual affinity tagged polypeptide and methods for purification thereof.

Abstract: A process for producing 1,1,1-trifluoroacetone includes the step of conducting in a gas phase a hydrogenolysis of a tetrafluoroacetone, which is represented by the general formula [1], by a hydrogen gas in the presence of a catalyst containing a transition metal, where X represents a chlorine, bromine or iodine, and n represents an integer from 0 to 2.

Abstract: Washed cleavage product (WCP) in a phenol manufacturing process is treated to remove sodium ions. The WCP is contacted with a cation exchange resin in hydrogen form, and then with anion exchange resin in free base or hydroxide form, to produce a WCP essentially free of sodium ions. The cation and anion exchange resins are regenerated with acid and caustic, respectively. The treatment improves productivity and product quality of new and existing phenol processes.

Abstract: The present invention provides a continuous process for recovering acetone from a waste stream from an acetone purification stage, whereas said waste stream comprises mesityl oxide and optionally acetone by separating the waste stream in a separating device at least in one stream comprising mesityl oxide and optionally a further stream comprising acetone, by than concentrating mesityl oxide in the mesityl oxide containing stream and finally by recycling the concentrated mesityl oxide stream to the separating device and bringing it into contact with a basic or acidic aqueous medium or with an acidic catalyst in the presence of water whereby mesityl oxide is at least partially hydrolyzed to acetone.

Abstract: The present invention claims a process and an apparatus for the work-up by distillation of cleavage product mixtures produced in the cleavage of alkylaryl hydroperoxides. Usually, in the work-up by distillation of cleavage product mixtures which are produced in the cleavage of alkylaryl hydroperoxides, the cleavage product mixture is divided into three main fractions, for which at least two distillation columns are used. The use of two distillation columns has the disadvantage that the capital costs, and also the energy costs, in these conventional processes are relatively high. By means of the inventive process for the work-up by distillation of cleavage product mixtures, the equipment requirements and the energy consumption can be markedly reduced in comparison with customary plants, since the cleavage product mixture can be resolved into the three main fractions in only one apparatus.

Abstract: A system for purifying a cumene hydroperoxide cleavage product mixture comprises a cumene hydroperoxide cleavage product mixture feed containing impurities in fluid communication with an aqueous alkaline solution feed; the cumene hydroperoxide cleavage product mixture and aqueous alkaline solution feeds in fluid communication with a neutralization drum having a aqueous salt phase outlet; a aqueous salt phase feed containing impurities in fluid communication with a decomposer reactor having an oxidized aqueous salt phase outlet; an oxidizing agent feed in fluid communication with the aqueous salt phase feed containing the impurities prior to the decomposer reactor; and an oxidized aqueous salt phase feed containing water-soluble oxidized derivatives of the impurities in fluid communication with the cumene hydroperoxide cleavage product mixture prior to the neutralization drum.

Abstract: A system for purifying a cumene hydroperoxide cleavage product mixture comprises a cumene hydroperoxide cleavage product mixture feed containing impurities in fluid communication with an aqueous alkaline solution feed; the cumene hydroperoxide cleavage product mixture and aqueous alkaline solution feeds are in fluid communication with a neutralization drum having an aqueous salt phase outlet; an aqueous salt phase feed containing impurities in fluid communication with a heat treatment vessel having a heat-treated aqueous salt phase outlet; and a heat-treated aqueous salt phase feed containing water-soluble derivatives of the impurities in fluid communication with the cumene hydroperoxide cleavage product mixture prior to the neutralization drum.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoroacetylacetone. This process includes (a) hydrolyzing a metal complex of 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoroacetylacetone into a 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoroacetylacetone hydrate; and (b) dehydrating the hydrate into the 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoroacetylacetone with high purity from a material containing a metal complex of 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoroacetylacetone.

Abstract: The present invention relates to gas separation membranes including a metal-based layer having sub-micron scale thicknesses. The metal-based layer can be a palladium alloy supported by ceramic layers such as a silicon oxide layer and a silicon nitride layer. By using MEMS, a series of perforations (holes) can be patterned to allow chemical components to access both sides of the metal-based layer. Heaters and temperature sensing devices can also be patterned on the membrane. The present invention also relates to a portable power generation system at a chemical microreactor comprising the gas separation membrane. The invention is also directed to a method for fabricating a gas separation membrane. Due to the ability to make chemical microreactors of very small sizes, a series of reactors can be used in combination on a silicon surface to produce an integrated gas membrane device.

Abstract: A fluorine-containing benzonitrile derivative (formula 1) is subjected to a reduction reaction to obtain a fluorine-containing benzylamine derivative (formula 2), and the amino group in said fluorine-containing benzylamine derivative is replaced with a hydroxyl group to obtain a fluorine-containing benzyl alcohol derivative (formula 3): wherein X is a halogen atom, when m is an integer of 2 or more, each X may be the same or different, and m is an integer of from 0 to 4.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for purifying a crude 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoroacetylacetone dihydrate containing an impurity. The process includes bringing the crude 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoroacetylacetone dihydrate into contact with a poor solvent in which 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoroacetylacetone dihydrate is substantially insoluble, thereby removing the impurity from the crude 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoroacetylacetone dihydrate. Alternatively, the process includes precipitating crystals of 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoroacetylacetone dihydrate from a solution of the crude 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoroacetylacetone dihydrate. Thus, it is possible to produce 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoroacetylacetone dihydrate of high purity. This product makes it easy to produce 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoroacetylacetone of high purity.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for purifying a crude 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoroacetylacetone dihydrate containing an impurity. The process includes bringing the crude 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoroacetylacetone dihydrate into contact with a poor solvent in which 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoroacetylacetone dihydrate is substantially insoluble, thereby removing the impurity from the crude 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoroacetylacetone dihydrate. Alternatively, the process includes precipitating crystals of 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoroacetylacetone dihydrate from a solution of the crude 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoroacetylacetone dihydrate. Thus, it is possible to produce 1,1,1,5,5,5- hexafluoroacetylacetone dihydrate of high purity. This product makes it easy to produce 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoroacetylacetone of high purity.

Abstract: A process is described for purifying acetone from a crude acetone-phenol mixture produced upon oxidizing cumene. In the process, an alkaline agent and an oxidizing agent are both added to the mixture to help remove aldehyde contaminants upon purification.

Abstract: A process for producing 1,1,1-trifluoroacetone includes the step of conducting a hydrogenolysis of a halogenated trifluoroacetone, which is represented by the general formula (1), by a hydrogen gas in the presence of a catalyst containing a transition metal, where X represents a chlorine, bromine or iodine, and n represents an integer from 1 to 3. It is possible to obtain 1,1,1-trifluoroacetone with a high yield by using the special catalyst.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for the production of product acetone of higher oxidation stability where the product acetone is produced by a multi-step rectification process in the presence of alkali catalyst. The embodiments of the method of present invention utilize a two-column and a one-column scheme of product acetone rectification from an acetone stream. In a two-column embodiment of the present invention, acetone is taken off in a vapor phase as a side-draw in a first column and directed to a partial condenser wherein it is separated into liquid and vapor phases with a simultaneous feed of aqueous sodium hydroxide solution to the first column above the feed tray.

Abstract: A method for purification of acetone containing at least one oxidizable impurity. The method comprises the steps of: (a) contacting acetone containing at least one oxidizable impurity with a heterogeneous oxidation catalyst in the presence of oxygen for a time and at a temperature sufficient to oxidize at least a portion of at least one of the oxidizable impurities; and (b) substantially separating purified acetone from the resulting mixture obtained from step (a).

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing 1,1,1-trifluoroacetone. This process includes reacting a halogenated acetone with a metal in the presence of a proton donor. This halogenated acetone is represented by the general formula (1): where X represents a chlorine atom, bromine atom or iodine atom, and n represents an integer from 1 to 3. It is possible to easily obtain 1,1,1-trifluoracetone from the halogenated acetone, which is easily available.

Abstract: A process of producing chlorofluoroacetones represented by a general formula where X represents independently chlorine atom or fluorine atom. The production process comprises fluorinating in a liquid phase pentachloroacetone by hydrogen fluoride in the presence of a catalyst comprising tin tetrahalide.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of a fluorinated ketone of the formula: ##STR1## where R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently fluorine, alkyl of from about 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, fluoroalkyl of from about 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, or ##STR2## where R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are independently fluorine, alkyl of from about 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, or fluoroalkyl of from about 1 to about 8 carbon atoms and n is 0 or 1. The method includes heating an anhydride of the formula: ##STR3## with a catalyst including a cationic salt of a fluorocarboxylic acid or an alkali metal fluoride to obtain the fluorinated ketone.