Abstract: The present invention includes novel substituted bicyclic compounds, and compositions comprising the same, that can be used to treat or prevent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections in a patient. In certain embodiments, the compounds and compositions of the invention are capsid inhibitors.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing vanillin from an aqueous, basic vanillin-comprising composition, in particular from a composition as arises in the oxidation, especially in the oxidation by electrolysis, of aqueous alkaline lignin-comprising compositions, comprising at least one treatment of an aqueous, basic vanillin-comprising composition, in particular the treatment of a composition as arises in the oxidation, especially in the oxidation by electrolysis, of aqueous alkaline lignin-comprising compositions, with a basic adsorbent, in particular an anion exchanger.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds based on an oxazoline moiety which liberate Strecker aldehydes under mild and controllable conditions. In addition the invention relates to food products comprising such compounds, and uses of such compounds.

Abstract: An organocatalyst for oxidizing alcohols in which a primary alcohol is selectively oxidized in a polyol substrate having a plurality of alcohols under environmentally-friendly conditions. The organic oxidation catalyst has an oxygen atom bonded to a nitrogen atom of an azanoradamantane skeleton and at least one alkyl group at positions 1 and 5. The oxidation catalyst has higher activity than TEMPO, which is an existing oxidation catalyst, in the selective oxidation reaction of primary alcohols, and better selectivity than AZADO and 1-Me-AZADO. This DMN-AZADO can be applied to the selective oxidation reaction of primary alcohols that contributes to shortening the synthesizing process for pharmaceuticals, pharmaceutical raw materials, agricultural chemicals, cosmetics, organic materials, and other such high value-added organic compounds.

Abstract: A method for oxidizing an alcohol, wherein oxidation is performed in the presence of a compound represented by the following formula (I) and a bulk oxidant, which enables efficient oxidation of secondary alcohols as well as primary alcohols, and can attain high reaction efficiency even when air is used as a bulk oxidant.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of a hydroquinone compound of formula (I) wherein R2, R3, R5 and R6 have the meaning according to claim 1, with the steps of formylating a substituted phenol and oxidizing the resulting substituted 4-hydroxy-benzaldehyde under acidic conditions to the corresponding hydroquinone of formula (I). Another object of the invention concerns the intermediate 2,3,5-trimethyl-4-hydroxy-benzaldehyde for synthesis of 2,3,5-trimethyl-hydroquinone (TMHQ) and (dl)?-tocopherol.

Abstract: A new synthesis of 4-bromo-2-methoxybenzaldehyde is reported from 1,4 dibromo 2-fluorobenzene. First, 2-fluoro-4-bromobenzaldehyde is prepared through metal halogen exchange and formylation with a formyl source at 0° C. After crystallization, this intermediate is reacted with methanol in the presence of potassium carbonate. Subsequently, 4-bromo-2-methoxy-benzaldehyde is crystallized.

Abstract: Described herein are fluorinated organic compounds and methods of making fluorinated organic compounds, for example, using palladium complexes. Also described herein are compositions and kits containing compounds and palladium complexes described herein.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing vanillin from an aqueous, basic vanillin-comprising composition, in particular from a composition as arises in the oxidation, especially in the oxidation by electrolysis, of aqueous alkaline lignin-comprising compositions, comprising at least one treatment of an aqueous, basic vanillin-comprising composition, in particular the treatment of a composition as arises in the oxidation, especially in the oxidation by electrolysis, of aqueous alkaline lignin-comprising compositions, with a basic adsorbent, in particular an anion exchanger.

Abstract: A method for oxidizing an alcohol, wherein oxidation is performed in the presence of a compound represented by the following formula (I) and a bulk oxidant, which enables efficient oxidation of secondary alcohols as well as primary alcohols, and can attain high reaction efficiency even when air is used as a bulk oxidant.

Abstract: The compound according to Formula I is an intermediate in the synthesis of prostacylin analogs. The present invention provides an efficient method for synthesizing a Formula I compound.

Abstract: The compound according to Formula I is an intermediate in the synthesis of prostacylin analogs. The present invention provides an efficient method for synthesizing a Formula I compound.

Abstract: A method for preparing a substituted 1,4-quinone methide from a 3,5-disubstituted 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde is provided. Also provided is a method to prepare a 3,5-disubstituted 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde from the corresponding 2,6-disubstituted phenol.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide a method of using Schwartz Reagent, Cp2Zr(H)Cl, without accumulating or isolating it. Methods provide mixtures of Cp2ZrCl2, reductants that selectively reduce Cp2ZrCl2, and substrates. After reaction of Cp2ZrCl2 and the reductant, an intermediate reduction product is formed, apparently Schwartz Reagent. The in situ Schwartz Reagent then selectively reduces certain functional groups on the substrate. Substrates include tertiary amides, tertiary benzamides, aryl O-carbamates, and heteroaryl N-carbamates, which are reduced to aldehydes, benzaldehydes, aromatic alcohols, and heteroaromatics, respectively. Compared to prior methods, reagents are inexpensive and stable, reaction times are short, and reaction temperature in certain cases is conveniently room temperature. It has been estimated that using the in situ method described herein instead of synthesized or commercially obtained Schwartz Reagent provides a 50% reduction in cost.

Abstract: A new method of ortho-fluorination where an aryl C—H bond is directly replaced by an aryl C-F bond in a palladium-catalyzed reaction is provided. The method includes the ortho-fluorination of a triflamide protected benzylamine, a palladium catalyst, such as Pd(OTf)2, a fluorinating reagent such as N-fluoro-2,4,6-trimethylpyridinium triflate, and a ligand to promote the reaction such as N-methylpyrrolidinone (NMP).

Abstract: A method is provided for producing a benzaldehyde compound represented by the formula (2): wherein Q1 and Q2 represent a hydrogen atom etc., including the step of reacting a compound represented by the formula (1): wherein X represents a chlorine atom etc., and Q1 and Q2 are respectively the same meaning as above, with a secondary nitroalkane and a base in the presence of an alkali metal iodide.

Abstract: A method for preparing a substituted 1,4-quinone methide from a 3,5-disubstituted 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde is provided. Also provided is a method to prepare a 3,5-disubstituted 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde from the corresponding 2,6-disubstituted phenol.

Abstract: A method is provided for producing a benzaldehyde compound represented by the formula (2): wherein Q1 and Q2 represent a hydrogen atom etc., including the step of reacting a compound represented by the formula (1): wherein X represents a chlorine atom etc., and Q1 and Q2 are respectively the same meaning as above, with a secondary nitroalkane and a base in the presence of an alkali metal iodide.

Abstract: A process for preparing tetrafluorobenzene carbaldehyde alkyl acetal represented by the following formula (II), comprising reducing tetrafluorocyanobenzene represented by the following formula (I) with a metal catalyst containing a platinum group metal in the presence of an alkyl alcohol represented by R—OH (R is an alkyl group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms) and an acid; (I) wherein m is 1 or 2, n is 0 or 1, and m+n is 2, (II) wherein m and n are the same as those in the formula (I), and R is an alkyl group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Produce the target substance, or a polynuclear poly(formylphenol) expressed by General Formula (2), in an industrial setting with ease and at high purity by causing a polynuclear poly(hydroxymethylphenol) or polynuclear poly(alkoxymethylphenol) to react with hexamethylene tetramine in the presence of an acid and then hydrolyzing the obtained reaction product.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide a method of using Schwartz Reagent, Cp2Zr(H)Cl, without accumulating or isolating it. Methods provide mixtures of Cp2ZrCl2, reductants that selectively reduce Cp2ZrCl2, and substrates. After reaction of Cp2ZrCl2 and the reductant, an intermediate reduction product is formed, apparently Schwartz Reagent. The in situ Schwartz Reagent then selectively reduces certain functional groups on the substrate. Substrates include tertiary amides, tertiary benzamides, aryl O-carbamates, and heteroaryl N-carbamates, which are reduced to aldehydes, benzaldehydes, aromatic alcohols, and heteroaromatics, respectively. Compared to prior methods, reagents are inexpensive and stable, reaction times are short, and reaction temperature in certain cases is conveniently room temperature. It has been estimated that using the in situ method described herein instead of synthesized or commercially obtained Schwartz Reagent provides a 50% reduction in cost.

Abstract: A process for preparing tetrafluorobenzene carbaldehyde alkyl acetal represented by the following formula (II), comprising reducing tetrafluorocyanobenzene represented by the following formula (I) with a metal catalyst containing a platinum group metal in the presence of an alkyl alcohol represented by R—OH (R is an alkyl group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms) and an acid; (I) wherein m is 1 or 2, n is 0 or 1, and m+n is 2, (II) wherein m and n are the same as those in the formula (I), and R is an alkyl group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Disclosed are 2-quinoxalinol salen compounds and in particular 2-quinoxalinol salen Schiff-base ligands. The disclosed 2-quinoxalinol salen compounds may be utilized as ligands for forming complexes with cations, and further, the formed complexes may be utilized as catalysts for oxidation reactions. The disclosed 2-quinoxalinol salen compounds also may be conjugated to solid supports and utilized in methods for selective solid-phase extraction or detection of cations.

Abstract: A new 1,3-bis(3-formyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)adamantane, which provides a material offering excellent properties such as heat resistance and mechanical strength for use as an intermediate material for adamantanebisphenol derivatives or use in photosensitive resist materials, epoxy resins and other synthetic resins, thermosensitive recording materials, and the like, can be obtained through an industrial process in an easy manner at a good yield and high purity by producing a Schiff base from a 1,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)adamantane by causing it to react with a hexamethylenetetramine or other substance in the presence of an acid, and then hydrolyzing the obtained Schiff base using an acid. A new polynuclear polyphenol is also provided that may be derived from the same.

Abstract: A new 1,3-bis(3-formyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)adamantane, which provides a material offering excellent properties such as heat resistance and mechanical strength for use as an intermediate material for adamantanebisphenol derivatives or use in photosensitive resist materials, epoxy resins and other synthetic resins, thermosensitive recording materials, and the like, can be obtained through an industrial process in an easy manner at a good yield and high purity by producing a Schiff base from a 1,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)adamantane by causing it to react with a hexamethylenetetramine or other substance in the presence of an acid, and then hydrolyzing the obtained Schiff base using an acid. A new polynuclear polyphenol is also provided that may be derived from the same.

Abstract: The present invention relates to fluorinated benzaldehydes, to a process for preparing them and also to the use of the fluorinated benzaldehydes for preparing active ingredients, especially in medicaments and agrochemicals.

Abstract: A process for producing a phthalaldehyde which comprises reacting at least one compound selected between o-xylylene glycol and o-xylylene oxide with nitric acid. The nitric acid is used in an amount of about 0.2 to 20 mol per mol of the compound selected between o-xylylene glycol and o-xylylene oxide. The process enables a phthalaldehyde to be efficiently produced from easily available materials.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of producing 7-azabicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-ene-3-carboxylic acid ester (VII) economically, industrially advantageously and efficiently in a large amount.

Abstract: A hydroformylation process is provided that involves reacting a compound having at least one olefinic carbon-to-carbon bond with hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the presence of a cobalt catalyst and a sulfur-containing additive which suppresses the formation of cobalt carbide in the reaction mixture.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst useful for a photooxidation reaction and also relates to a novel process for producing aldehydes, particularly aromatic aldehydes, which are useful as an intermediate for the production of agrochemical and medical preparations. The catalyst is particularly suitable for the oxidation of a methyl group difficult to oxidize. A photooxidation catalyst according to the invention is a halogenated aromatic nitrile represented by the following formula (1): (wherein X represents a chlorine atom or a fluorine atom, m represents an integer of 1 to 5, n represents an integer of 1 to 5, m+n≦6, and when n is 2 or more, Xs may be the same or different).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process by a series of reactions using tetrafluorocyanobenzens as material for producing tetrafluorobenzenemethanols, tetrafluorobenzenecarbaldehyde dialkylacetals and tetrafluorobenzenecarbaldehydes in a high purity and a high yield which are useful as intermediates in the production of cyclopropanecarboxylic acid esters having insecticidal action, and also relates to a novel tetrafluorobenzenecarbaldehyde dimethylacetal.

Abstract: A simplified process for oxidizing starch and other polysaccharides in an aqueous solution or suspension using hypochlorite in the presence of a catalytic amount of a nitroxyl compound is described. The oxidation is process is bromide-free and is carried out at a pH between 7 and 8.3 and at a temperature between 15 and 25° C.

Abstract: The present invention provides the adsorbent which adsorbs the aldehyde efficiently for a long period. The present invention also includes an adsorption device, an article and a method using the same. The adsorbent of the invention comprises a zeolite, wherein the zeolite has NH4+ as ionic species; a crystal structure of ZSM-5 or ferrierite; a molar ratio of SiO2/Al2O3 from 30 to 190; and the zeolite retains a quarternary ammonium salt which adsorbs the aldehyde with the reaction of the aldehyde. In the case of a formaldehyde, the zeolite has NH4+ as ionic species.

Abstract: An alcohol is oxidized to an aldehyde or a ketone in the presence of a nitroxyl compound as catalyst, wherein the alcohol to be oxidized is contained in an organic liquid phase, and is reacted in the presence of a nitroxyl compound with an aqueous phase comprising an oxidant. The reaction is carried out continuously at a contact time of the phases of from 0.1 s to a maximum of 15 minutes, with intensive mixing of the phases. The process produces high yields with low quantities of other oxidation byproducts.

Abstract: Primary alcohols, especially in carbohydrates, can be selectively oxidized to aldehydes and carboxylic acids in a low-halogen process by using a peracid in the presence of a catalytic amount of a di-tertiary-alkyl nitroxyl (TEMPO) and a catalytic amount of halide. The halide is preferably bromide and the process can be carried out at nearly neutral to moderately alkaline pH (5-11). The peracid can be produced or regenerated by means of hydrogen peroxide or oxygen. The process is advantageous for producing uronic acids and for introducing aldehyde groups which are suitable for crosslinking and derivatization.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for producing aromatic aldehydes, including benzaldehyde and metatolualdehyde wherein the reaction occurs in the vapor phase. Raw materials and a source of oxygen are fed into a tube reactor. The raw materials may be in a liquid or vapor phase. The reaction to form the aldehyde is catalyzed by suitable solid or liquid catalysts, including copper containing catalysts.

Abstract: An ether of the following formula (2): (wherein Ra is a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group or a heterocyclic group, Rb is a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group or a substituted oxy group, and Rc is a hydrocarbon group or a heterocyclic group; Ra and Rc may be combined to form a ring with the adjacent carbon atom and oxygen atom) is reacted with nitrogen monoxide in the presence of a catalyst composed of an imide compound of the following formula (1): (wherein each of R1 and R2 is, identical to or different from each other, a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, a cycloalkyl group, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group, a carboxyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, or an acyl group; R1 and R2 may be combined to form a double bond, or an aromatic or nonaromatic ring; X is an oxygen atom or a hydroxyl group; and one or two N-substituted cyclic imido groups indicated in the formula (1) may further be formed on R1, R2, or on the double bond or aromatic or nonaromat

Abstract: This invention is directed to a process for the solid phase synthesis of aldehyde, ketone, oxime, amine, hydroxamic acid and .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carboxylic acid and aldehyde compounds and to polymeric hydroxylamine resin compounds useful therefor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of aromatic substances having formula (I), characterized in that a substrate having formula (II) is subjected to an oxydation in the presence of at least one protein and at least one metal ion, formula wherein R.sub.1 may be a radical --H, --CH.sub.3, --CH.sub.2 OH, --CHO, --COOH, --OCH.sub.3, or --COO--CH(COOH)--CH.sub.2 --C.sub.6 H.sub.3 (OH).sub.2 ; R.sub.2 may be a radical --H, --OH, or --OCH.sub.3 ; R.sub.3 may be a radical --H, --OH, --OCH.sub.3, or O-glucosid; R.sub.4 may be a radical --H, --OH, or --OCH.sub.3.

Abstract: Aromatic, ring-fluorinated compounds are prepared by reaction of corresponding chlorine compounds or bromine compounds with alkali metal fluorides using a diamide as solvent. Most of the diamides which can be used are novel compounds.

Abstract: Processes for preparing 2-substituted benzaldehydes of general formula (I), wherein: R.sub.1 is CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --(L.sub.1).sub.p --(CH.sub.2).sub.q --(L.sub.2).sub.r --CH.sub.2 --(T).sub.2 --Z; L.sub.1 and L.sub.2 are independently CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2, CH.dbd.CH or C.tbd.C; q is 0 to 8; p, r and s are independently 0 or 1; T is O, S, CH.sub.2, CH.dbd.CH, C.tbd.C; and Z is C.sub.1-4 alkyl, ethynyl, trifluoromethyl, isopropenyl, furanyl, thienyl, cyclohexyl or phenyl optionally mono substituted with CF.sub.3, C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.1-4 alkoxy, methylthio, or trifluoromethylthio; and R.sub.2 and A are independently H, CF.sub.3, C.sub.1-4 alkyl, F, Cl, Br or I; are useful for preparing pharmaceutically active compounds.

Abstract: A novel process for producing chiral hydroxylamines for use as intermediates to make chiral hydroxyureas, which process comprises a tandem condensation-cyclization reaction between a dimethylsulfoxoniurn methylide and an appropriately substituted nitrone bearing a D- or L- mannose chiral auxiliary to yield a compound of Formula (I) as claimed herein.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing an .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated aldehyde which comprises subjecting an allyl-hexamethylenetetraammonium derivative to hydrolysis in water and an organic solvent homogeneously immiscible with water. The resulting .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated aldehyde is useful as medicaments, flavorings, etc., or as raw materials for their production.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a formylated aromatic compound comprising contacting an aromatic compound with (i) a halogenated compound in the presence of a Lewis acid, and (ii) a base, is described. The subject process provides an efficient and effective means of preparing formylated compounds which may be useful in a wide variety of applications.

Abstract: The present process is directed to preparing optically active 2-aryl alkyl aldehydes by various processes through the use of an optically active amine, (-)-2'-amino-3-phenyl propane. The aldehyde formed can then be oxidized to produce the corresponding acid.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of 3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrobenzaldehyde by reacting 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-nitrobenzaldehyde with a strong nucleophilic agent which may be created by reacting an aromatic mercapto compound with a strong organic or inorganic alkali metal base such as lithium hydroxide. The reaction is performed at elevated temperatures using an aprotic polar solvent. It is preferably carried out in an inert atmosphere.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an aldehyde by reacting the corresponding aryl methanol with a stable free radical nitroxide in the presence of a NO.sub.x -generating compound at a temperature in the range of from about 0.degree. C. to about 100.degree. C. and thereafter separating out the aldehyde.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the preparation of 2-aryl-1-cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehydes from 1-arylcyclohexenes which are intermediates for trans-6-[(2-arylsubstituted cycloalkenyl and substituted cycloalkyl)alkenyl and alkyl]-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-ones.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing unsaturated aldehydes and their enamines by the oxidation of allylic tertiary amines in the presence of an alkyl hydroperoxide and a vanadium-based catalyst.

Abstract: Produce the target substance, or a polynuclear poly(formylphenol) expressed by General Formula (2), in an industrial setting with ease and at high purity by causing a polynuclear poly(hydroxymethylphenol) or polynuclear poly(alkoxymethylphenol) to react with hexamethylene tetramine in the presence of an acid and then hydrolyzing the obtained reaction product.