Abstract: 4-Fluorobenzaldehyde is produced by a commercially feasible process. The process comprises heating a mixture of fluorobenzene and a strong Lewis acid with dissolved hydrogen halide in an atmosphere of carbon monoxide at about 45 to about 100° C. and at a total pressure of about 150 psig up to the maximum pressure rating of the reactor. Formed is a reaction mass containing a Lewis acid complex of 4-fluorobenzaldehyde and at least a halobis(fluorophenyl)methane by-product. The complex is broken by quenching the reaction mass with a Lewis acid-solvating liquid to liberate 4-fluorobenzaldehyde. By-product halobis(fluorophenyl)methane is converted to di(fluorophenyl)methanol to avoid potential corrosion problems and formation of light sensitive color bodies in the recovered 4-fluorobenzaldehyde.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a production method of 2,4,5-trialkylbenzaldehyde from 1,2,4-tribenzaldehyde at low cost and safely. The present invention provides a production method of a 2,4,5-trialkylbenzaldehyde which comprises carbonylating a 1,2,4-trialkylbenzene with carbon monoxide in the presence of a catalyst, said catalyst comprising trifluoromethanesulfonic acid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to mixtures comprising from 70 to 99.5% by weight of a compound of the formula (R)4P+X− (1) and from 30 to 0.5% by weight of a compound of the formula (R)3P═O (2), where R is in each case a radical and X− is an inorganic or organic anion or the equivalent of a multiply charged inorganic or organic anion, also to a process for preparing the mixtures by reacting a phosphorus pentahalide with pyrrolidine or piperidine in the molar ratio 1:6 to 1:50 in the presence of an inert solvent initially at −20 to 80° C., subsequently continuing the reaction at 90 to 180° C., treating the resulting reaction product at 0 to 80° C. with aqueous alkali at a pH of 7 to 15, and separating aqueous and organic phase from one another, and to the use of the mixtures as catalyst and cocatalyst for phase-transfer reactions, nucleophilic substitution reactions or halogen-fluorine exchange reactions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a particularly advantageous preparation of fluorine-containing benzaldehydes by reacting a corresponding aromatic acid chloride with hydrogen in the presence of a supported palladium catalyst and a catalyst moderator.

Abstract: An improved process for the preparation of 2-arylvinyl alkyl ether compounds of the structural formula I In addition, the present invention provides an improved process for the preparation of 1,4-diaryl-2-fluoro-2-butene compounds of the structural formula V

Abstract: A method for the preparation of 2-hydroxyarylaldehydes from an aryloxy magnesium compound and formaldehyde, which comprises reacting at a temperature from 40-120° C., an aryloxy magnesium compound having an aryloxy anion and a non-aryloxy anion and in which (a) the non-aryloxy anion is more basic than the aryloxy anion such that when the aryloxy magnesium compound is brought into contact with an acidic species, the acid reacts more preferentially with the non-aryloxy anion to form an aryloxy magnesium salt and (b) the aryloxy anion has at least one free position ortho to the hydroxyl group in the aryloxy anion, with formaldehyde or a compound capable of giving rise to formaldehyde under the reaction conditions in the presence of a polar co-solvent capable of providing the non-aryloxy anion in the aryloxy magnesium compound characterized in that the non-aryloxy anion is selected from the group consisting of an oxide, a hydroxide, a carboxylate, a sulphate and a nitrate.

Abstract: A fluorination method of oxygen and halogen sites with diaryl-, dialkoxyalkyl-, alkylalkoxyalkyl-, arylalkoxyalkyl- and cyclic aminosulfur trifluorides fluorinating reagents is disclosed.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for producing compound containing fluorine, particularly fluorobenzaldehyde and fluorobenzonitrle, by a halogen exchange reaction with a compound of the formula I as fluorinating agent, defined in the specification, and a quatenary aminophosphonium compound of the formula III as catalyst, as defined in the specification, and in a solvent consisting of a nitro and/or sulfoxy substituted organic compound of the formula IVa and/or IVb, as defined in the specification.

Abstract: Fluorinated benzaldehydes are obtainable in a simple and inexpensive manner and in significantly improved yields when chlorinated benzaldehydes are reacted with alkali metal fluorides at temperatures in the range from about 130 to 200.degree. C. in the presence of less than about 2 mol % of quaternary phosphonium salts, based on chlorine atoms to be replaced, at initial concentrations of more than 2.5 mol of the chlorinated benzaldehydes per kg of dipolar aprotic solvent. Fluorinated benzaldehydes obtained in this way can advantageously be hydrogenated with hydrogen in the presence of noble metal catalysts to give fluorinated benzyl alcohols.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel cyclohexane-1-3-dione derivatives of formula (1) useful as herbicides and plant-growth regulants, ##STR1## wherein X is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 haloalkyl, nitro, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkylthio, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkylsulfinyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkylsulfonyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 sulfamoyl, and N, N-di(C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl)sulfamoyl group; (X)n represents the number of X substituents which may be substituted on benzene ring, wherein n is 1, 2 or 3. Also, cyclohexyl moiety, one of the substituents on benzofuran ring, is substituted at C-4, C-5, C-6 or C-7 position on benzene ring; R.sup.1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl group; R.sup.2 is selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 alkenyl and C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 alkynyl group; R.sup.3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for preparing specific substituted benzaldehydes through the reaction of substituted benzenes with carbon monoxide and aluminum chloride at a relatively low pressure, at a low temperature, and in the presence of at most a catalytic amount of an acid (preferably aqueous HCl). The resultant substituted benzaldehydes are useful as precursors to the formation of a number of different compounds, such as dyestuffs, flavorings, fragrances, nucleating agents, polymer additives, and the like. The inventive method provides a very cost-effective and safe procedure for producing such substituted benzaldehydes at very high yields.

Abstract: 9-Anthracenecarbaldehydes are obtained in a particularly advantageous manner by reacting the corresponding anthracene derivatives with dimethylformamide in the presence of phosphoryl chloride, hydrolyzing the resulting reaction mixture and precipitating the 9-anthracenecarbaldehyde that is formed by admixing a base.

Abstract: A fluorination method of oxygen and halogen sites with diaryl-, dialkoxyalkyl-, alkylalkoxyalkyl-, arylalkoxyalkyl- and cyclic aminosulfur trifluorides fluorinating reagents is disclosed.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for preparing specific substituted benzaldehydes through the reaction of substituted benzenes with carbon monoxide and aluminum chloride at a relatively low pressure, at a low temperature, and in the presence of at most a catalytic amount of acid (preferably aqueous HCl) and a solvent. The resultant substituted benzaldehydes are useful as precursors to the formation of a number of different compounds, such as dyestuffs, flavorings, fragrances, nucleating agents, polymer additives, and the like. The inventive method provides a very cost-effective and safe procedure for producing such substituted benzaldehydes at very high yields.

Abstract: A method for the production of a fluorine-containing aromatic compound is provided which allows the relevant reaction to proceed in a standard reaction vessel such as, for example, a glass vessel at room temperature under an ambient pressure without requiring provision of such special devices as have been necessary heretofore or adoption of harsh reaction conditions. This method comprises causing an aromatic compound (A) having a cyclic skeletal part of 6 to 16 carbon atoms containing a plurality of --C(.dbd.O)X groups, wherein X stands for a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or an alkyl group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and having the remaining hydrogen atoms unsubstituted or partly or wholly substituted with at least one species of halogen atom to react with a compound (B) represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently stand for an alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a phenyl group.

Abstract: The 3- and 4-methylcatechols are converted to the corresponding benzaldehyde by first alkylating the hydroxyl groups to form an alkylated methylcatechol. The methyl group is then converted to a methyl dibromide group using 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin in the presence of a non-polar, non-reactive solvent such as carbon tetrachloride and heptane and a radical initiator having a ten hour half-life temperature in the range of 47.degree. to 55.degree. C. The dibromide is then hydrolyzed to form the aldehyde.

Abstract: 2,3-Dihalogeno-6-trifluoromethylbenzaldehydes of general formula (I) useful as intermediates for the preparation of fungicides for agricultural and horticultural use;a process for the preparation of the same; and process for preparing 2,3-dihalogeno-6-trifluoromethylbenzamidoximes of general formula (IV) from the above compounds, wherein X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 are each independently fluoro, chloro or bromo.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of aromatic substances having formula (I), characterized in that a substrate having formula (II) is subjected to an oxydation in the presence of at least one protein and at least one metal ion, formula wherein R.sub.1 may be a radical --H, --CH.sub.3, --CH.sub.2 OH, --CHO, --COOH, --OCH.sub.3, or --COO--CH(COOH)--CH.sub.2 --C.sub.6 H.sub.3 (OH).sub.2 ; R.sub.2 may be a radical --H, --OH, or --OCH.sub.3 ; R.sub.3 may be a radical --H, --OH, --OCH.sub.3, or O-glucosid; R.sub.4 may be a radical --H, --OH, or --OCH.sub.3.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of 2-hydroxyarylaldehydes from an aryloxy magnesium compound and formaldehyde, which comprises reacting at a temperature from 40.degree.-120.degree. C., an aryloxy magnesium compound having an aryloxy anion and a non-aryloxy anion and in which (a) the non-aryloxy anion is more basic than the aryloxy anion such that when the aryloxy magnesium compound is brought into contact with an acidic species, the acid reacts more preferentially with the non-aryloxy anion to form an aryloxy magnesium salt and (b) the aryloxy anion has at least one free position ortho to the hydroxyl group in the aryloxy anion, with formaldehyde or a compound capable of giving rise to formaldehyde under the reaction conditions in the presence of a polar co-solvent capable of providing the non-aryloxy anion in the aryloxy magnesium compound characterized in that the non-aryloxy anion is selected from the group consisting of an oxide, a hydroxide, a carboxylate, a sulphate and a nitrate.

Abstract: A process for preparing polycyclic aromatic compounds by cross-coupling aromatic boron compounds with aromatic halogen compounds or perfluoroalkylsulfonates in the presence of metallic palladium as catalyst comprises adding to the reactiona) at least one water-soluble complexing ligand andb) sufficient water for the reaction mixture to form an aqueous phase.The reaction of the invention proceeds chemoselectively so that even electrophilic groups such as esters or nitriles do not have an adverse effect on the course of the reaction.The use according to the invention of a water-soluble complexing ligand in an aqueous phase enables polycyclic aromatic compounds to be prepared in very good yields and at the same time very high purity, in particular without contamination by the complexing ligands.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel 4-halo-2-fluoro-5-alkylbenzoyl compounds and their methods of manufacture. These compounds are useful for the preparation of agricultural chemicals and medicines, particularly as intermediates for an active class of aryl-haloalkylpyrazole and aryl alkylsulfonylpyrazole herbicides.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of halobenzaldehydes of the formula (I): ##STR1## in which Hal is fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine and z=1, 2, 3 or 4, by catalytic gas-phase oxidation of a substituted toluene of the formula (II), ##STR2## by oxygen, which comprises carrying out the oxidation in the presence of a catalyst of the formula (III)Me.sup.1.sub.a Me.sup.2.sub.b Me.sup.3.sub.c O.sub.x (III),in which Me.sup.1 is bismuth or vanadium, Me.sup.2 is at least one of the elements selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium and cesium, Me.sup.3 is at least one element selected from the group consisting of iron, cobalt, nickel, niobium, molybdenum, arsenic, tin, antimony, tungsten, tantalum, phosphorus, chromium, manganese, palladium, copper, zinc, cerium, silver, boron, samarium, barium, calcium, magnesium and rhenium, and the letters a, b and c represent an atomic ratio of the respective elements such that when a=1, b has a value in the range from 0.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel 4-halo-2-fluoro-5-alkoxybenzoyl compounds and their methods of manufacture. These compounds are useful for the preparation of agricultural chemicals and medicines, particularly as intermediates for an active class of arylhaloalkylpyrazole and aryl alkylsulfonylpyrazole herbicides.

Abstract: A novel process for producing chiral hydroxylamines for use as intermediates to make chiral hydroxyureas, which process comprises a tandem condensation-cyclization reaction between a dimethylsulfoxoniurn methylide and an appropriately substituted nitrone bearing a D- or L- mannose chiral auxiliary to yield a compound of Formula (I) as claimed herein.

Abstract: A process for preparing polycyclic aromatic compounds by cross-coupling aromatic boronic acids with aromatic halogen compounds or perfluoroalkylsulfonates in the presence of metallic palladium, if desired applied to a support material, as catalyst, wherein the coupling is carried out in the presence of a ligand and a base. The process of the invention allows the yield of polycyclic aromatic compounds to be significantly increased in comparison with processes not using a ligand and thus allows a yield optimum for the Pd(0)-catalyzed cross-coupling of aromatic boronic acids with aromatic halogen compounds to be achieved.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for obtaining a compound of the formulaAr-Z IIwhere Ar, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are defined in the specification and Z is --C(R.sub.3).dbd.CH.sub.2 or --CH(R.sub.3)CHO where R.sub.3 is defined in the specification. The process utilizes a heterogeneous mixture of the compound of formula I and an alkali or alkaline earth metal in dimethylformamide. The mixture is subjected to ultrasonic vibrations for a time and at a temperature sufficient to produce a compound of formula II: ##STR1## where Ar, R.sub.1, and R.sub.2 are defined above and X is the halo group.

Abstract: 4,5-Difluorobenzaldehydes of a given formula are prepared by the reaction of corresponding benzaldehydes with a fluorinating agent.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a formylated aromatic compound comprising contacting an aromatic compound with (i) a halogenated compound in the presence of a Lewis acid, and (ii) a base, is described. The subject process provides an efficient and effective means of preparing formylated compounds which may be useful in a wide variety of applications.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of novel compounds with a tetraline-type structure, which are useful as perfuming ingredients, is described.

Abstract: A process for the continuous production of aromatic aldehydes of the formula (1) ##STR1## in which Ar is an aryl radical, R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 independently of one another are hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine or bromine atoms, in which dichloromethyl-substituted aromatics of the formula (2) ##STR2## in which Ar, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 have the above meanings, are continuously hydrolyzed with an aqueous solution of one or more catalysts of the formula (3)MX.sub.n (3)in which M is a transition metal selected from the group comprising iron, nickel, copper, chromium, thallium, zinc and mercury, X is F, Cl, Br, I, OH, SO.sub.4, PO.sub.4 or NO.sub.3, and n depending on the oxidation state of the transition metal M is the number 1, 2, 3 or 4, in a concentration of from about 1 to about 50%, based on the weight of water in the catalyst solution, at temperatures of from about 70.degree. to about 160.degree. C.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of a 2-hydroxyarylaldehyde which comprises reacting an aryloxymagnesium halide derived from a phenol having at least one free ortho position relative to the phenolic hydroxy group with formaldehyde or a formaldehyde-liberating compound under substantially anhydrous conditions in the presence of a polar organic solvent other than hexamethylphosphoramide or 1,3-dimethyl-3,4,5,6-2(1H)-pyrimidone.

Abstract: A process for preparing aromatic aldehydes of the formula (1) ##STR1## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 independently of one another are H, F, Cl or Br, by hydrolyzing a dichloromethyl-substituted benzene of the formula (2) ##STR2## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 have the abovementioned meanings with a from about 1 to about 50% strength aqueous solution of one or more zinc salts of the formula (3)ZnX.sub.n (3)in which X is F, Cl, Br, I, OH or SO.sub.4, and n is, depending on the anion X, the number 1 or 2, at temperatures of from about 70.degree. to about 160.degree. C.

Abstract: A method of producing an ethynyl aromatic aldehyde comprises reacting a protected copper(I) acetylide salt with a halogen substituted aromatic compound to produce a protected ethynyl aromatic aldehyde.The protected ethynyl aromatic aldehyde may be deprotected to yield an acetylene terminated aromatic aldehyde which is useful for making acetylenic Schiff's base monomers and conductive polymers thereof.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the synthesis of 2-(6-methoxy-2-naphthyl)propionic acid that utilizes 2,6-diisopropylnaphthalene.

Abstract: A method for synthesizing no-carrier-added (NCA) aryl [.sup.18 F] fluoride substituted aromatic aldehyde compositions bearing an electron donating group is described. The method of the present invention includes the step of reacting aromatic nitro aldehydes having a suitably protected hydroxyl substitutent on an electron rich ring. The reaction isThe U.S. Government has rights in this invention pursuant to Contract Number DE-AC02-76CH00016, between the U.S. Department of Energy and Associated Universities Inc.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for reducing the formation of carbonyl halide in bromine chloride and to an improved process for the bromination of compounds with BrCl in the presence of a carbonyl halide poisonable catalyst.

Abstract: A process for the production of fluorobenzaldehydes which comprises reacting a chlorobenzaldehyde with an alkali fluoride in a dipolar aprotic medium.

Abstract: Phenylacetaldehydes of the structure (I) ##STR1## where the substituents X are 2,4-dichloro, difluoro, trifluoro, tetrafluoro, p-trifluoromethyl, 2-methyl-4-fluoro, haloalkoxy or haloalkylthio radicals or are adjacent Cl, F, CF.sub.3, alkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy and/or haloalkylthio radicals.

Abstract: Process for the preparation, in high yields, of difluorobenzaldehydes of the formula (1) ##STR1## in which the second fluorine atom is in the 4 or 6 position, by reacting a dichlorobenzaldehyde of the formula (2) ##STR2## in which the second chlorine atom is in the 4 or 6 position, with an alkali metal fluoride in a dipolar aprotic solvent in the presence of an ethylene glycol dialkyl ether as catalyst of the formula (3)RO--(CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --O).sub.n --R (3)in which R is a methyl, ethyl or propyl or isopropyl group and n is a number from 1 to about 50, at temperatures of about 160.degree. C. to about 250.degree. C.

Abstract: Oxidation of alkylaromatics having a benzylic hydrogen atom is catalyzed by a catalyst comprising a palladium salt, a metal persulfate, a third metal salt, and a tin salt in a carboxylic acid for a period of time sufficient to convert the alkylaromatics to their corresponding oxidized derivatives. The catalyst is prepared by preheating the palladium salt and the metal persulfate at a temperature sufficient to provide the desired catalytic activity followed by additon of the third metal salt and the tin salt.

Abstract: The invention concerns a novel process for the manufacture of various aryloxyaliphatic aldehydes and related arylthio analogues, which are useful as chemical intermediates. The process involves reacting a dihalogenohydroxyalkane of the formula: HO.C(R.sup.2).sub.2.CHX.sub.2 wherein R.sup.2 is alkyl and X is chloro or bromo with a phenol or thiophenol in the presence of base and is applicable to large scale use.

Abstract: A novel process for the lithiation of 1,3-bis(trifluoro-methyl)benzene in a solvent is described, said process comprising carrying out the lithiation with the lithium salt of an amine of the general formulaR.sup.1 R.sup.2 NH Iwherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are secondary or tertiary lower alkyl or secondary or tertiary lower alkyl substituted by a lower alkyl or lower cycloalkyl or lower cycloaklyl substituted by a lower alkyl, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 taken together form a C.sub.6-14 -alkylene group in which the two carbon atoms linked with the nitrogen atom are secondary or tertiary and are separated from each other by 2 to 4 carbon atoms.The solution of the lithiated 1,3-bis(trifluoromethyl)-benzene obtained can be reacted with an electrophile which is suitable for the substitution of lethiated benzene derivatives, whereby a compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.3 signifies the residue of an electrophile which is suitable for the substitution of lithiated benzene derivatives, is obtained.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for chlorinating, brominating and/or iodinating an organic substrate containing both a single acidic hydrogen atom and at least one electron withdrawing group attached to the same carbon atom. The process replaces the single acidic hydrogen with chlorine, bromine and/or iodine and involves reacting the substrate in solution with a halogenating agent (e.g., a perhalomethane wherein the halogen substituents are I, Br and/or Cl, a trihaloacetic acid ester wherein the halogen substituents are Br and/or Cl, or a perfluoroalkyl halide wherein the halide is I, Br and/or Cl) in the presence of (i) a phase transfer catalyst of the formula R.sup.1 R.sup.2 R.sup.3 R.sup.4 LJ where L is selected from the group consisting of phosphorus and nitrogen, where J is an inorganic anion other than fluoride, and where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.

Abstract: 4-fluorobenzaldehydes are formed from compounds of the formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are the same or different, and represent H, halogen, or an alkyl group of from 1 to about 10 carbon atoms, wherein, when at least one of R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 or R.sub.4 is halogen, at least one of remaining R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 or R.sub.4 is alkyl. the compound of formula of (I) is reacted with a formylating agent in the presence of FeCl.sub.3 in a reaction mixture, from which is separated a compound of the formula (II) ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 , R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are as defined above.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for chlorinating, brominating and/or iodinating an organic substrate containing both a single acidic hydrogen atom and at least one electron withdrawing group attached to the same carbon atom. The process replaces the single acidic hydrogen with chlorine, bromine and/or iodine and involves reacting the substrate in solution with a halogenating agent (e.g., a perhalomethane wherein the halogen substituents are I, Br and/or Cl, a trihaloacetic acid ester wherein the halogen substituents are Br and/or Cl, or a perfluoroalkyl halide wherein the halide is I, Br and/or Cl) in the presence of a quaternary ammonium fluoride catalyst of the formula R.sup.1 R.sup.2 R.sup.3 R.sup.4 NF where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are independently chosen from the group consisting of hydrocarbyl radicals containing from 1 to about 20 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Aromatic aldehydes are produced by catalytic formylation of aryl chlorides in the presence of a palladium chelating phosphine ligand complex of the formula (R.sub.2 R.sub.2 P(CH.sub.2).sub.n PR.sub.3 R.sub.4).sub.2 Pd, wherein n is 3 or 4 and R.sub.1 to r.sub.4 are H, alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl, at least one of them being alkyl or cycloalkyl.

Abstract: p-Trifluoromethyl benzaldehydes are prepared by the catalytic reduction reaction of p-trifluoromethyl benzonitriles with hydrogen in an aqueous formic acid media in the presence of a nickel/aluminum alloy catalyst.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of o-phthalaldehydes is disclosed comprising the steps of (1) halogenating an o-xylene and (2) hydrolysis of the resulting tetrahalogeno-o-xylene.

Abstract: In a method of carrying out organic conversions via heterogeneous phase transfer catalysis by contacting immiscible liquid phases containing respective substances capable of interacting, with a solid catalyst to promote the transfer of reactive species from one liquid phase to another, the improvement comprises employing as catalyst a cation exchanged form of a 2:1 layered silicate clay with layer charge densities in the range of above 0.4 to 2.0 containing an onium ion containing one or more alkyl hydrocarbon chains and maintaining the materials in emulsified form by having a sufficient chain length of an alkyl group relative to the charge density of the clay.

Abstract: Benzaldehydes of the formula ##STR1## can be obtained by reaction of substituted .beta.-amino-styrenes of the formula ##STR2## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.8, R.sup.9, R.sup.10, m, n and o have the scope of meaning indicated in the description, with oxygen in the presence of a Cu compound in the solution of an aprotic polar solvent at 0.degree.-120.degree. C.