Abstract: A method for establishing a biological model on joint toxicity of Caenorhabditis elegans and an application thereof are provided. The method for establishing the biological model includes adding the L1-stage Caenorhabditis elegans to a mixed system of working solution of mycotoxins containing tenuazonic acid and penicillin, K-medium solution and E. coli OP50 to obtain L1-stage Caenorhabditis elegans. The biological model indicates that TeA and PAT have a synergistic effect on the growth, development and reproductive ability of Caenorhabditis elegans, and their toxicity mechanism is related to inducing nematodes and stimulating transcriptional factors of Daf-16 genes. The biological model and detection method are simple to operate and its test period is short.

Abstract: A process synthesizes a compound with at least one alkylene group and at least one thiol or thiolate group. The process involves reacting a compound with at least one five-membered cyclic monothiocarbonate group with a starter selected from a compound with at least one thiol group, from a compound with at least one hydroxy group, or from a basic inorganic composed; to obtain a compound with at least one alkylene group and at least one thiol or thiolate group and carbon dioxide.

Abstract: Adducts and prepolymers comprising pendent alkyl groups are disclosed. Polythiol adducts prepared by reacting a polythiol with a ketone and urethane-extended polythiol adducts. The polythiol adducts can be terminated with isocyanate groups. Compositions comprising the isocyanate-terminated polythiol adducts, isocyanate-terminated sulfur-containing prepolymers, and diisocyanates can be combined with polyamine or polyepoxide curing agents to provide curable compositions. Cured compositions are suitable for aerospace coating and sealant applications. The compositions can also include a low specific gravity filler and, when cured, meet the requirements of aerospace sealant applications.

Abstract: A lubricating composition includes an oil of lubricating viscosity and a compound comprising a protected mercaptophenol. The protected mercaptophenol includes a mercapto group in which the hydrogen is substituted with a substituent of at least 5 carbons. The substituent is selected from hydroxy-substituted hydrocarbyl groups, poly(ether) groups, hydrocarbyl groups, and mixtures and salts thereof.

Abstract: An antioxidant package composition including a combination of: (i) at least one aromatic amine, and (ii) at least one polyether sulphide; a lubricant composition including: (a) the above antioxidant package and (b) at least one base oil; a process for preparing the antioxidant package; and a process for preparing the lubricant composition.

Abstract: The use of fuel cells to produce electricity are known as an environmentally clean and reliable source of energy, and show promise as an automotive power source if the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell can be made less expensive, more durable, reduce or eliminate humidification of the reactive gases, and operate at temperatures encountered during automotive operating conditions. The use of an electro-catalyst formed from heteropoly acids immobilized by a conductive material, such as carbon or platinum black, and stabilizing a metallic black with the immobilized conductive material addressed these automotive fuel cell needs. Coating the fuel cell electrode, polymer electrolyte assembly with a nano-particle catalyst derived from a heteropoly acid provided anodic carbon monoxide tolerance at anodic overpotentials and an active cathodic oxygen reduction. The heteropoly acids can also function as supercapacitor electrode films.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds and methods of using of the compounds as anti-infective and anthelminitc agents. In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides the following compound of Formula III: wherein: R1 is not H when R2 is H and R2 is not H when R1 is H, further wherein R1 is OH or CH(2n+1)O, wherein n is 1-10; R2 is OH or CH(2n+1)O, where n is 1-10; W is alkyl, phenyl, halophenyl, pyridyl, piperidyl, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, including unsubstituted and substituted aromatic heterocycles; and L is an optional linker or linking group selected from O, S, NH, CF2, or CH2, and x=0 or 1, i.e., if x=0, no linking group is present and when x=0, W is not phenyl.

Abstract: Disclosed are thioethers, methods for preparing such thioethers, and curable compositions, such as coating and sealant compositions, that include such thioethers. The thioethers can be the reaction product of (a) an alpha, omega dihalo organic compound, (b) a metal hydrosulfide, and (c) a metal hydroxide.

Abstract: To obtain a close-contact multi-layer type diffractive optical element having a homogeneous high-refractive-index and low-dispersion resin layer, an acrylate-terminated oligomer, obtained by allowing excess bifunctional acrylate to react with bifunctional thiol, is used as a resin precursor for the high-refractive-index and low-dispersion resin layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to pharmaceutical, cosmetic and cosmeceutical topical compositions containing polyisoprenyl-protein inhibitor compounds and methods useful in the promotion of healthy epithelium and the treatment of epithelial-related conditions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to pharmaceutical, cosmetic and cosmeceutical topical compositions containing polyisoprenyl-protein inhibitor compounds and methods useful in the promotion of healthy epithelium and the treatment of epithelial-related conditions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of (oxidized) thioethers of alcohol alkoxylates in washing and cleaning compositions, especially in dishwashing compositions, and to washing and cleaning compositions, especially dishwashing compositions, which comprise (oxidized) thioethers of alcohol alkoxylates. These (oxidized) thioethers are especially suitable as surfactants with rinse aid function (rinse aid surfactants). “Oxidized” relates to the sulfur atom in the thioether, which may be present in oxidized form as sulfoxide (SO) or sulfonyl (SO2).

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of (oxidized) thioethers of polyalkylene oxides in washing and cleaning compositions, especially in dishwashing compositions, and to washing and cleaning compositions, especially dishwashing compositions, which comprise (oxidized) thioethers of alcohol alkoxylates. These (oxidized) thioethers are especially suitable as surfactants with rinse aid function (rinse aid surfactants). “Oxidized” relates to the sulfur atom in the thioether, which may be present in oxidized form as sulfoxide (SO) or sulfonyl (SO2). The invention also relates to particular oxidized thioethers of polyalkylene oxides.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds and methods of using of the compounds as anti-infective and anthelminitc agents. In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides the following compound of Formula III: wherein: R1 is not H when R2 is H and R2 is not H when R1 is H, further wherein R1 is OH or CH(2n+1)O, wherein n is 1-10; R2 is OH or CH(2n+1)O, where n is 1-10; W is alkyl, phenyl, halophenyl, pyridyl, piperidyl, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, including unsubstituted and substituted aromatic heterocycles; and L is an optional linker or linking group selected from O, S, NH, CF2, or CH2, and x=0 or 1, i.e., if x=0, no linking group is present.

Abstract: The invention relates to compositions comprising or consisting of a reaction product obtained from a reaction mixture of aminosilane of formula (I), a mecaptosilane of formula (II) and an epoxysilane of formula (III). Said compositions are suitable as bonding agents, especially in the form of primers. The compositions are highly adhesive and especially suitable for low-temperature applications and especially for sticking glass together.

Abstract: Disclosed are thioethers, methods for preparing such thioethers, and curable compositions, such as coating and sealant compositions, that include such thioethers. The thioethers can be the reaction product of (a) an alpha, omega dihalo organic compound, (b) a metal hydrosulfide and (c) a metal hydroxide.

Abstract: To provide a compound which has a higher vulcanization efficiency and superior heat aging resistance compared to conventional compounding agents for rubber compositions and which is environmentally friendly. An amine salt compound of a carboxylic acid containing a thermal dissociation portion having the Formula (I): wherein R represents an organic group selected from a C1 to C20 alkyl group, a C3 to C10 cycloalkyl group, a C6 to C20 aryl group and a C7 to C30 alkaryl group, R1, R2 and R3 independently represent a hydrogen atom or a C1 to C20 organic group which may have a heteroatom and/or a substituent group and X represents a C2 to C20 organic group which may have a heteroatom and/or a substituent group and a compounding agent for rubber vulcanization and a rubber composition containing the same.

Abstract: A method for producing a triarylsulfonium salt having a structure that only one of the three arobatic rings of the three aromatic rings on the cationic portion is different from the other two aromatic groups, and which is useful, for example, as an acid-generating agent for a resist or a photo cationic polymerization initiator, by reacting a diaryl sulfoxide and an aryl Grignard reagent RMgX??[2] in the presence of an activator with high affinity for oxygen of 3 to 7.5 equivalents relative to the above diaryl sulfoxide, and then reacting the resultant reaction mixture with a strong acid HA1??[3].

Abstract: A process for the production of an alcohol compound represented by the formula (3): wherein X1, X2, X3, X4, Z, R and n are as defined below, comprising reacting a phenol represented by the formula (1): wherein X1, X2, X3 and X4 independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms; Z represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom; and R represents an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, or an aralkyl group which may be substituted by a halogen atom, with a haloalcohol represented by the formula (2): wherein Y represents a chlorine atom or a bromine atom; and n represents an integer of 2 or 3, in a biphase system composed of a water-immiscible organic solvent and an aqueous alkali metal hydroxide solution in the presence of a phase-transfer catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention provides a sulfonium salt which can serve as a photo-acid-generator, the sulfonium salt not raising the problem of poor compatibility to a photoresist polymer having an acid-dissociable group. The sulfonium salt is represented by formula (1): wherein R1 represents a linear or branched C2 to C9 divalent hydrocarbon group; each of R2 to R5 represents a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched C1 to C3 hydrocarbon group; each of R6 and R7 represents an organic group; R6 and R7 may be linked together to form a divalent organic group; and X? represents an anion.

Abstract: Compositions containing surfactant compounds according to formula (I) R4OCH2CH(OH)CR2R3ZR1 ??(I) wherein Z is S, SO, or SO2, can have a range of equilibrium and/or dynamic surface tensions and a range of foaming performance attributes, depending upon the particular values of Z, R1, R2, R3, and R4. The compounds of formula (I) may be prepared by a process that includes reaction of a thiol with a glycidyl ether.

Abstract: The present invention provides a sulfonium salt which can serve as a photo-acid-generator, the sulfonium salt not raising the problem of poor compatibility to a photoresist polymer having an acid-dissociable group. The sulfonium salt is represented by formula (1): wherein R1 represents a linear or branched C2 to C9 divalent hydrocarbon group; each of R2 to R5 represents a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched C1 to C3 hydrocarbon group; each of R6 and R7 represents an organic group; R6 and R7 may be linked together to form a divalent organic group; and X? represents an anion.

Abstract: Compositions containing surfactant compounds according to formula (I) ROCH2CH(OH)CR1R2ZCR1R2CH(OH)CH2OR,??(I) wherein Z is S, SO, or SO2, can have a range of equilibrium and/or dynamic surface tensions and a range of foaming performance attributes, depending upon the particular values of Z, R, R1, and R2. The compounds of formula (I) may be prepared by a process that includes reaction of a sulfide source such as a metal sulfide or bisulfide with an alkyl glycidyl ether.

Abstract: Flexible and semi-rigid vinyl chloride resin compositions comprising a combination of a latent mercaptan and a zinc salt of oxidized polyethylene (a zinc ionomer) as a heat stabilizer are substantially free from the offensive odor typically associated with mercaptans and are protected during processing by the degradation products of the latent mercaptan and the zinc ionomer. The oxidized polyethylene is split out from the ionomer to act as an adhesion promoter for aqueous inks and paints, and the residual zinc carboxylate functions as a co-stabilizer with the latent mercaptan in the composition. The latent mercaptan is exemplified by a 2-S-(tetrahydropyranyl)thioalkanol, a carboxylic acid ester thereof, a 2-S-(tetrahydropyranyl)-thiocarboxylic acid, an ester thereof, and the furanyl homologs of each.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to C2-disubstituted indan-1-ol systems of the Formula I, physiologically acceptable salts and physiologically functional derivatives thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds, salts, and derivatives, which are useful for reducing weight, for the prophylaxis or treatment of obesity, and for the prophylaxis or treatment of type II diabetes in mammals. The invention is directed also to methods for reducing weight and such treatments and prophylaxis. The invention is directed also to processes for the preparation of such compounds.

Abstract: A process to prepare an improved fluid rare earth phosphate catalyst composition useful in preparing alkylene oxide adducts of organic compounds having active hydrogen atoms is provided. The catalyst is prepared by dissolving a rare earth salt in a C9-C30 active hydrogen containing organic compound and then adding phosphoric acid to the organic compound rare earth mixture.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel reactive polymers of formula wherein the variables are as defined in the claims. The polymers of the invention are useful for the modification of material surfaces and are particularly suitable for providing biomedical articles such as contact lenses with a hydrophilic coating.

Abstract: A 5-thia-&ohgr;-substituted phenyl-prostaglandin E alcohol of the formula (I) (wherein, all the symbols are the same meanings as defined in the specification), a process for producing it and a pharmaceutical composition comprising it as an active ingredient.

Abstract: Halogen-containing polymer compositions comprising a latent mercaptan-containing heat stabilizer composition substantially free from the offensive odor typically associated with mercaptans are protected during processing by the degradation products of the latent (i.e., blocked) mercaptan which include a free mercaptan. Other products of the degradation are believed to include carbocations of the blocking moiety which are stabilized by a molecular structure in which the electron deficiency is shared by several groups. The latent mercaptan may be the sole heat stabilizer additive but the free mercaptan released during processing may also synergize the activity of metal-based heat stabilizers such as metal salts and organometallic stabilizers such as organotin carboxylates and mercaptides in the polymer composition. The odor of primary mercaptan-containing heat stabilizers in halogenated polymer compositions is masked by a small amount of a latent mercaptan.

Abstract: The present invention is the following invention which provides a cement admixture which satisfies fluidity of fresh concrete and high strength of the hardened product of concrete simultaneously.

Abstract: A new method for producing unsymmetrically substituted fluorenyl compounds, one step of which is the preparation of 2,7-disubstituted fluoren-9-one derivatives via the nucleophilic substitution of a compound of the formula D wherein A′ is selected from the group consisting of —Br, —Cl, —F, —NO2, and —CN; A is selected from the group consisting of —NO2, —CN, —CO2R, —C(O)R, —SO2R, —SO2RF, —C(CN)═C(CN)2 and —CH═C(CN)2; RF is —CpF2p+1, p=from about 0 to about 10; R is an straight, branched or cyclic aliphatic alkyl group having about 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or an aromatic group such as phenyl or naphthyl; and is a carbonyl or a protected carbonyl such as a ketal or thio-ketal such as wherein R′ is —CrH2r+1; R″ is —(CH2)r—; and r is independently 2 or 3, with a nucleophilic reagent in the presence of an aprotic solvent

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for producing fluorine-containing oxyalkylene compounds used in a cement admixture represented by the formula (4), which comprises ring opening polymerization of at least one cyclic ether represented by the formula (3) in the presence of an acid catalyst and a fluorine-containing hydroxyl compound represented by the formula (2): Rf—Q2—OH  (2)  Rf—Q2—O—(A2—O)k—H  (4) wherein Rf is a C1-22 polyfluoroaliphatic hydrocarbon group which may contain ethereal oxygen atoms or thioethereal sulfur atoms, Q2 is a C3-5 linear or branched alkylene group, k is an integer of from 1 to 100, and A2 is a C2-4 linear alkylene group or a group having at least one hydrogen atom of said alkylene group substituted by a hydrocarbon group which may contain ethereal oxygen atoms.

Abstract: Diallylic sulfides represented by Formula I wherein: R1 and R2 are independently chosen from the group consisting of —CHO, —CH2Cl, —CH2Br, —CH2I, —CH2OH, CH2OSO2CF3, —CH2OSO2Ph, —CH2OSO2C6H4CH3 and —CH2OSO2CH3 and processes for making the same.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel o-nitrophenol derivatives and o-nitrothiophenol derivatives of the following structure: where: A1 to A3 are—independently of one another—H, F, CH3, CF3, OCH3, OCF3, CH2CH3, CF2CF3, OCH2CH3 or OCF2CF3; T is O or S; R is an aliphatic or araliphatic radical; and R* is H or R.

Abstract: Presulfurizing process and presulfurization promoter for a desulfurization catalyst to be used in a hydrodesulfurization unit of petroleum refinery of high molecular hydrocarbons, in which fresh metal oxide in said desulfurization catalyst is sulfurized with hydrogen sulfide produced from sulfur-containing compounds in a feed stream. In the invention, a compound having mercapto alkylthio group: HS—CmH2m—S— (in which “m” is an integer of 2 to 4) is added as promoter at a proportion of 10 ppm to 0.5% by weight and presulfurization is promoted at 180 to 260° C.

Abstract: A process for preparing an organic compound, comprising conducting an organic reaction in the presence of a phosphine oxide represented by formula (1); ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is the same or different and each represents a hydrogen or hydrocarbon group with 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and x is the amount of water as a molar ratio which is 0 to 5.0, exhibiting a high catalytic performance especially in an organic reaction involving an alkylene oxide.

Abstract: Methods for rapidly generating large rationally designed libraries of structurally-diverse small molecular weight compounds using a multicombinatorial approach.

Abstract: Diphenyl sulfone crosslinking type compounds of general formula (1) and a recording material containing at least one of them. This recording material is excellent in the storage stability of colored images.

Abstract: Lipid prodrugs of phosphonoacids and their analogs that have increased antiviral activity over the parent drugs in inhibiting cytomegalovirus and other susceptible viruses.

Abstract: A method of producing an ether-type thio-phospholipid of the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein: n is an integer of 13 to 17;A is C.sub.14 -C.sub.20 acyl group;G is a group selected from the group consisting of: ##STR2## which is useful as synthetic substrate of cytosolic phospholipase A.sub.2 inhibitors, said method being applicable to mass production of the compound (I), intermediates therefor and the preparation of the same are provided.

Abstract: This invention is directed to the pharmaceutical use of phenyl compounds, which are linked to an aryl moiety by various linkages, for inhibiting tumor necrosis factor. The invention is also directed to the compounds, their preparation and pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds. Furthermore, this invention is directed to the pharmaceutical use of the compounds for inhibiting cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to recording materials characterized in that the recording materials comprise at least one of diphenyl sulfone derivatives represented by the following general formula (I); ##STR1## wherein Y represents a linear or branched (un)-saturated C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 hydrocarbon group, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 hydrocarbon group having an ether linkage, or a group represented by a general formula; ##STR2## wherein R represents methylene or ethylene; R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 represent each independently lower alkyl or lower alkenyl; m represents 0 or an integer of 1 or 2,; and n, p, q and r represent each independently 0 or an integer of 1 to 4, provided when n, p, q and r are each 2 or above, the substituents represented by R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 may be each different from one another.

Abstract: Lipid prodrugs of phosphonoacids and their analogs that have increased antiviral activity over the parent drugs in inhibiting cytomegalovirus and other susceptible viruses.

Abstract: A process for the production of hydroxyalkylated phenolic or hydroxyalkylated thiophenolic compounds is disclosed. The process comprises providing a phenolic or thiophenolic compound, a cyclic organic carbonate compound, and a catalyst selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal, an alcohol-derived salt of the alkali metal, and mixtures thereof; and reacting the phenolic compound and the cyclic organic carbonate compound in the presence of the catalyst to form the hydroxyalkylated phenolic or hydroxyalkylated thiophenolic compound. Preferably, the alkali metal is selected from sodium, potassium, or lithium.

Abstract: This invention is directed to the pharmaceutical use of phenyl compounds, which are linked to an aryl moiety by various linkages, for inhibiting tumor necrosis factor. The invention is also directed to the compounds, their preparation and pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds. Furthermore, this invention is directed to the pharmaceutical use of the compounds for inhibiting cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.

Abstract: Compounds of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are herein described, A is a straight or branched (C.sub.2 -C.sub.12)alkyl or a phenyl moiety and B is a moiety of the formula: ##STR2## The compounds are effective in potentiating the activity of chemotherapeutic anti-cancer agents by increasing the sensitivity of multi-drug resistant cells to such chemotherapeutic agents.

Abstract: Di-, tri- and poly-perfluoroalkyl-substituted alcohols and acids and derivatives thereof are described which are prepared from perfluoroalkyl iodides and di-, tri- or polyallyl alcohols or acids. These compounds contain two or more perfluoroalkyl-iodoalkyl or perfluoroalkyl-alkenyl groups and one or two alcohol or acid groups or derivatized alcohol or acid functions. They can be reacted with isocyanates, epoxy compounds, anhydrides, acids or acid derivatives to prepare a great variety of oil- and water-repellent compositions which are useful for oil- and water-repellent treatment of textiles, glass, paper, leather and other substrates.

Abstract: This invention relates to complex hydrophobe compounds and to alkoxylation products, i.e., condensation reaction products of alkylene oxides and complex hydrophobe compounds having at least one active hydrogen. This invention also relates to alkoxylation products that have beneficial, narrow molecular weight ranges.

Abstract: The synthesis and compound of a new caged calcium which is an ortho-nitrophenyl derivative of EGTA and various intermediates. It is synthesized in ten steps and 24% overall yield. The photosensitive chelator, nitrophenyl-EGTA, has a K.sub.d for Ca.sup.2+ of 80 nM and for Mg.sup.2+ of 8.8 mM. Upon exposure to ultra-violet light (in the region of 350 nm), the chelator is cleaved, yielding iminodiacetic acid photoproducts with known low Ca-affinity (K.sub.d =1 mM). The quantum yield of photolysis of nitrophenyl-EGTA in the presence of Ca.sup.a+ is 0.23 and in the absence of Ca.sup.2+ is 0.20. In experiments with chemically skinned skeletal muscle fibers, a fully relaxed fiber equilibrated with nitrophenyl-EGTA:Ca.sup.2+ complex, in the presence of physiological [Mg.sup.2+ ] (i.e. 1.0 mM), produced maximal contraction after a single flash from a frequency doubled ruby laser (347 nm). Half-maximal tension was achieved in 18 ms at 15.degree. C.

Abstract: A fuel additive having the formula: ##STR1## where A.sub.1 is a thioether, a sulfoxide, a sulfone, a sulfonic acid, a sulfonamide, a nitrile, a carboxylic acid or ester, or a carboxamide; R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently hydrogen, hydroxy, lower alkyl, or lower alkoxy; R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl and each R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 is independently selected in each --O--CHR.sub.3 --CHR.sub.4 -- unit; R.sub.5 is hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 100 carbon atoms, phenyl, aralkyl having 7 to 100 carbon atoms or alkaryl having 7 to 100 carbon atoms, or an acyl group of the formula: ##STR2## where R.sub.6 is alkyl having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, phenyl, aralkyl having 7 to 36 carbon atoms or alkaryl having 7 to 36 carbon atoms; n is an integer from 5 to 100; and x is an integer from 0 to 10.