Abstract: A hydrocarbonylation process for producing an aldehyde or a mixture of a ketone and an aldehyde which comprises:(I) forming a reaction mixture comprising:(a) a catalytic amount of a complex catalyst consisting essentially of rhodium in complex combination with:(i) a triorganophosphine, and(ii) a carboxylic acid having a phenyl group substituted at the para position with a non-reactive electron-withdrawing group, said phenyl group being free of further substitution and said electron withdrawing group being substantially non-reactive in said process;(b) an alpha-olefin having 2 to 5 carbon atoms,(c) carbon monixide, and(d) hydrogenwith the proviso that the reaction mixture has mole ratio of said carbxoylic acid to rhodium of at least about 2; and(II) maintaining the reaction mixture at a temperature and pressure at which said (b), (c) and (d) react to form an aldehyde or a mixture of an aldehyde and a ketone.

Abstract: A catalytic process for the hydroformylation of olefinic, sulfur containing thermally cracked petroleum streams to produce aldehydes and/or alcohols is disclosed. The catalysts are homogeneous transition metal carbonyl complexes. Especially preferred catalysts for low and medium pressure hydroformylation are cobalt and rhodium carbonyl hydride complexes in which some of the carbonyl ligands have been replaced by trivalent phosphorus ligands. In a preferred high pressure hydroformylation, the sulfur-containing naphtha and gas oil distillate feeds are produced from vacuum residue by high temperature thermal cracking. Such feeds contain more than 20% olefins with 1-n-olefins as the single major types. These olefin components are hydroformylated in the presence of a cobalt carbonyl complex to produce a novel type of semilinear aldehyde and/or alcohol product containing an average of less than one alkyl branch per molecule.

Abstract: In the production of 2-chloropropionaldehyde by the hydroformylation of vinyl chloride in the presence of a rhodium catalyst in combination with a base, the activity of the catalyst can be improved significantly by maintaining the concentration of produced 2-chloropropionaldehyde in the reaction solution at not higher than 10%.Further, it is possible to continue the reaction for a long period of time while maintaining the activity of the catalyst at a high level by carrying out the reaction in a water insoluble or hardly soluble solvent simultaneously with water extraction, separating the catalyst solution and the extraction water from each other, separating 2-chloropropionaldehyde from the extraction water by distillation or similar means so as to lower its concentration to a given level or below, and using the extraction water again after subjecting it to an anion exchange treatment.

Abstract: A hydroformylation process is provided which comprises reacting a compound of the general formulaCH.sub.2 .dbd.CH--CH.sub.2 --A--CH.sub.2 --Xwherein X is a hydroxyl or formyl group and A is a group of the formula--(CH.sub.2).sub.n -- or --(CH.sub.2).sub.m --CH.dbd.CH--in which n is an integer of 3-8 and m is an integer of 0-5, with a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the presence of a rhodium compound and a specific tris(substituted phenyl) phosphite.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method of hydroformylating 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol and analogs thereof with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a rhodium compound free from modification by a ligand containing an element belonging to the group V of the periodic table as well as a method of producing 3-methylpentane-1,5-diol and .beta.-methyl-.delta.-valerolactone using such hydroformylation product.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the purification of carbon monoxide and/or hydrogen-containing gas streams employed for chemical conversion reactions by contacting such gas feed streams with the oxygenated organic reaction products obtained in the subject chemical conversion reaction.

Abstract: In a hydroformylation process for the preparation of aldehydes by reacting aliphatic olefins of 2 to 12 carbon atoms with carbon monoxide and hydrogen at temperatures of 20.degree. to 150.degree. C. and pressures of 0.1 to 20 mPa in the liquid phase and in the presence of an aqueous solution of a catalyst containing originally 50 to 800 wt. ppm of rhodium and 25 to 30 wt. % of complex-forming, sulfonated or carboxylated triarylphosphines, in each case based on the aqueous solution, the improvement comprising adding fresh phosphine solution to maintain the original phosphine concentration, until the total concentration of complex-forming phosphines and secondary and degradation products of the phosphines not capable of forming complexes amounts to about 35 to 45 wt. % based on the aqueous solution to selectively form n-aldehydes.

Abstract: The method for producing .alpha.,.omega.-dialdehydes from .alpha.,.omega.-diolefins or .alpha.,.omega.-alkenals in good yield and with high efficiency. The expensive rhodium catalyst for hydroformylation can be reused without any substantial attrition of activity. Moreover, since the loses of the catalyst, monodentate phosphine and sulfolane used in the hydroformylation reaction are minimal, the method is commercially advantageous.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for preparing compounds such as 4-acetoxybutyraldehyde which comprises contacting reactants such as allyl acetates with a cobalt carbonyl catalyst in the presence of various novel promoters. The promoters are selected from the group consisting of triphenyl germane, tetraphenyl germane, phenyl sulfide, succinonitrile and 2,2'-dipyridyl. The reaction is preferably conducted in the presence of a ketone solvent.

Abstract: In a hydroformylation process for the preparation of aldehydes by reacting aliphatic olefins of 2 to 12 carbon atoms with carbon monoxide and hydrogen at temperatures of 20.degree. to 150.degree. C. and pressures of 0.1 to 20 mPa in the liquid phase and in the presence of an aqueous solution containing 50 to 800 wt. ppm of rhodium and 25 to 30 wt. % of phosphines, in each case based on the aqueous solution as a catalyst system and in addition the transformation products of the phosphines, the improvement comprising draining off a portion of the aqueous solution of the catalyst system together with the reaction product and replacing the same by fresh aqueous solution of the catalyst system whereby the original catalyst selectivity for formation of n-aldehydes is maintained.

Abstract: A process is provided for the recovery of an optionally substituted C.sub.7 to C.sub.17 aldehyde from a liquid hydroformylation product medium obtained by rhodium catalyzed hydroformylation of an optionally substituted C.sub.6 to C.sub.16 olefin which contains (i) a rhodium complex hydroformylation catalyst containing rhodium in complex combination with carbon monoxide and with a ligand, (ii) excess ligand, (iii) at least one optionally substituted C.sub.7 to C.sub.17 aldehyde, and (iv) aldehyde condensation products, which process comprises:(a) degassing said liquid hydroformylation medium;(b) passing the degassed liquid hydroformylation medium through an evaporation zone maintained under temperature and pressure conditions conducive to evaporation of said at least one C.sub.7 to C.sub.

Abstract: A process for making a carbonyl-containing compound is disclosed. In this process an allylic ether is contacted with water in the presence of a cobalt-containing material under an atmosphere of carbon monoxide gas.

Abstract: The invention is a process for the hydroformylation of C.sub.2-4 alkenes, formyl-substituted C.sub.2-4 alkenes, aryl-substituted alkenes, unsaturated norbornane ring-containing compounds, and .alpha.-unsaturated acetals which comprises contacting a C.sub.2-4 alkene, a formyl-substituted C.sub.2-4 alkene, aryl-substituted alkene, an unsaturated norbornane ring-containing compound or an .alpha.-unsaturated acetal in a polar organic solvent with water and carbon monoxide in the presence of a catalytic amount of a catalyst which comprises a mixture of (a) an alkali metal iron carbonyl or alkaline earth metal iron carbonyl which corresponds to the formula M.sub.a Fe.sub.x (CO).sub.y and (b) iron pentacarbonyl under conditions such that an alcohol or aldehyde derivative of a C.sub.2-4 alkene, a formyl-substituted C.sub.2-4 alkene, an aryl-substituted alkene, unsaturated norbornane ring-containing compound or an .alpha.

Abstract: Olefinically unsaturated compounds are hydroformylated continuously, the olefin being passed into the lower region of the reactor, under from 1 to 40 bar and at from 50.degree. to 140.degree. C. with the aid of a rhodium complex as a catalyst in a hydroformylation reactor having a liquid reaction zone which occupies about 60-85% of the reactor volume, the gaseous products and reactants being removed from the hydroformylation reactor, the products being isolated and the major part of the remaining gas being recycled to the reactor by the cycle gas method, by a process in which from 20 to 80% by volume of the cycle gas is fed into the hydroformylation reactor above the liquid reaction zone and/or below the liquid surface in the top fourth of the liquid reaction zone.

Abstract: Transition metal-poly-phosphite complex catalyzed carbonylation processes, especially hydroformylation, as well as transition metal-poly-phosphite ligand complex compositions.

Abstract: Transition metal-bis-phosphite catalyzed carbonylation processes, especially hydroformylation, as well as transition metal-bis-phosphite compositions, bis-phosphite ligands and transition metal-bis-phosphite catalysts.

Abstract: A nonaqueous hydroformylation process for producing aldehydes using low volatile, organic solubilized monosulfonated tertiary phosphine metal salt ligands.

Abstract: The higher alcohol yield of a hydroformylation process comprising catalytic hydroformylation of olefinic feedstock and hydrogenation of the crude product is improved by separating light materials and desired alcohols from the hydrogenated product, and then subjecting the remaining heavy materials to catalytic steam cracking at 260.degree.-380.degree. C. The fraction of the cracked product which is rich in alcohol/aldehyde is then separated and recycled, preferably to the hydrogenation stage.

Abstract: A method of controlling metal leaching in heterogeneous catalysis conducted in the presence of a solid-supported, metal complex catalyst with liquid feed subject to inclusion of ligands competitive with the solid support for the metal complex. The method is specifically applicable where the heterogeneous catalysis reaction is a combined hydroformylation/reduction reaction producing aldehydes and alcohols from olefins.

Abstract: A combined hydroformylation/reduction reaction is enhanced by the control of halide concentration in the feed olefin, solvent and solid supported transition metal complex catalyst to produce higher initial reaction rate and longer catalyst life.

Abstract: Cobalt values are removed from the crude product of a cobalt-catalyzed hydroformylation reaction by contacting the product with stripping gas to entrain volatile cobalt compounds, in the presence of water or aqueous acid to dissolve cobalt values not so entrained.

Abstract: Alkylcarboxylic acids (where alkyl is of 6 to 20 carbon atoms) are manufactured by hydrocarboxylating the corresponding olefins by means of cobalt carbonyl compounds in the presence of from 0.5 to 1.5 kg of N-methylpyrrolidone, per kg of the olefin, as the solvent.

Abstract: A method for the production of aldehydes from olefins with CO/H.sub.2 in the presence of a water-soluble rhodium-containing catalyst system is described. The reaction proceeds at 0.1 to 10 MPa and 20 to 160.degree. C. Ultrasound acts on the reaction mixture, consisting of an aqueous catalyst, an olefin, synthesis gas and the end products.

Abstract: Process for removing alkyl substituted phosphine from a hydroformylation medium and enhancing the rhodium complex catalyst contained therein via an oxygenation treatment.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the selective production of ketones under hydroformylation conditions. In particular, the process comprises the hydroformylation of at least one olefin in the presence of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and a catalyst which consists essentially of triruthenium dodecacarbonyl. The olefin preferably comprises propylene. The reaction is conducted under conditions such that the ratio of olefin:ruthenium is about 200:1 to 3000:1, the ratio of carbon monoxide:hydrogen:olefin to about 1:1.4:4 to 1:6:100, the total pressure is about 500 to 10,000 psig, the carbon monoxide partial pressure is about 50 to 500 psig, and the reaction temperature is about 60.degree. to 250.degree. C.

Abstract: Novel, liquid mixtures of isomeric aldehydes and alcohols are described in the C.sub.11 -C.sub.16 carbon range, the compounds being characterized by a main carbon branched at the position and moderate additional branching in most isomers; the aldehyde mixtures are prepared by an economic route from olefins involving oxo and aldol reaction with the reaction conducted in such a way as to give a high percentage of aldolable product, and preferably with a base catalyzed aldol reaction conducted under conditions to make high conversions attainable. The aldehyde mixtures can be hydrogenated to alcohols and converted to novel ethoxylates or sulfate compositions suitable for use as biodegradable detergents; or hydrogenated and oxidized to novel carboxylic acid compositions also suitable for detergent use.

Abstract: A process for the hydroformylation of aldehydes comprising reacting aliphatic olefins with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in a liquid phase in the presence of water, a rhodium catalyst and a water soluble salt of a sulfonated or carboxylated triarylphosphine, the reaction taking place in the presence of an aqueous phase having a pH of about 5.5 to about 6.2.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the production, selectively, of C.sub.n+1 alcohols from a C.sub.n olefin. The process comprises reacting the C.sub.n olefin with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst consisting essentially of molybdenum sulfide and an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal compound.

Abstract: A hydroformylation process for producing relatively low ratios of normal to branched aldehyde product, wherein olefin having from 2 to 20 carbons, preferably 3-10 carbons, and most preferably one or more of ethylene, propylene and 1-butene is contacted in a reaction zone at a temperature of from about 60.degree. C. to about 250.degree. C., preferably from about 150.degree. C. to about 200.degree. C., and a pressure of from about 750 psig to about 10,000 psig, preferably from about 3,000 psig to about 4,000 psig, with hydrogen and carbon monoxide, in the presence of a catalyst containing from about 10.sup.-6 to about 10.sup.-3, preferably from about 5.times.10.sup.-5 to about 5.times.10.sup.-4, and most preferably from about 1.5.times.10.sup.-4 to about 2.6.times.10.sup.

Abstract: A process for hydration and condensation of acetylene in a crude acetylene stream containing water in the presence of a zirconia-alumina catalyst containing water to prepare aliphatic, aromatic and oxygenated compounds suitable for use as high octane liquid water fuels and as octane improvers for motor fuels is disclosed.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for improving the hydroformylation of Dimersol oligomers by first contacting the catalyst with a tantalum (V) halide/oxide-inorganic oxide catalyst before hydroformylating.

Abstract: Polymeric complex compounds of molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, rhenium and of the metals of the sub-groups VIII and I of the Periodic Table of Elements, which complex compounds have a silica-type structure are disclosed. At least one amine ##STR1## is bonded coordinately to the central metal atom. The atomic ratio of metal to nitrogen is from 1:1 to 1:10.sup.6. The required charge compensation is effected by means of an anion. In (1), R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 represent a group ##STR2## and R.sup.4 is an alkylene grouping. The oxygen atoms are saturated by silicon atoms of further groups (2), if appropriate with incorporation of crosslinking agents. R.sup.3 may have the meaning of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, or represents hydrogen, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group or the benzyl group. The polymers can contain several metals. The invention also relates to processes for their preparation, and uses in catalysis.

Abstract: Olefins are hydroformylated with syngas in the presence of a novel organo metallic complex catalyst to form the corresponding aldehydes at high reaction rates and improved selectivity of linear aldehydes over branched aldehydes.The novel catalyst comprises an organo metallic complex formed from a mixture of:(1) platinum (II) acetylacetonate;(2) a Group IVB metal halide; and(3) a bidentate tertiary ligand of the formula ##STR1## wherein Q is arsenic, antimony, or phosphorus; and R.sub.1, R.sub.2 R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are alkyl, alkoxyl, aryl, or aryloxyl groups, and may be the same or different; and m is an integer of from 3 to about 5; and n is an integer of from 2 to about 4.

Abstract: Described are ether carboxaldehydes defined according to the generic structure: ##STR1## wherein X represents aryl, alkaryl, hydroxyalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, lower alkyl or bicycloalkyl; wherein Y represents C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 lower alkylene; wherein Z completes an alkyl substituted C.sub.6 cycloalkyl ring or represents no moiety; wherein R represents hydrogen or methyl; wherein m represents 0 or 1; wherein n represents 0 or 1; wherein p represents 0 or 1 and wherein q represents 0 or 1 with the provisos that when m is 1, Z completes the alkyl substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.

Abstract: Described are ether carbinols defined according to the generic structure: ##STR1## wherein X.sub.1 represents a moiety selected from the group consisting of: ##STR2## and wherein Y.sub.1 represents C.sub.4 or C.sub.5 alkylene or C.sub.4 or C.sub.5 alkenylene or C.sub.4 or C.sub.5 alkynylene; processes for preparing such ether carbinols by means of first reacting allyl ethers with a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen by means of an oxoreaction to produce ether carboxaldehydes and then reducing the thus formed ether carboxaldehydes to ether carbinols; or reacting camphene with appropriate diols; as well as methods for augmenting or enhancing the aroma or taste of consumable materials including perfumes, colognes and perfumed articles; foodstuffs, chewing gums, chewing tobaccos, medicinal products and toothpastes; and smoking tobaccos and smoking tobacco articles by adding thereto an aroma or taste augmenting or enhancing quantity of the thus produced ether carbinols.

Abstract: A process for producing linear aldehydes or alcohols from olefins using a transition metal hydroformylation catalyst wherein the catalyst comprises an anionic transition metal catalyst wherein the transition metal is Fe, Ru or Os and the catalysts generally have a charge of at least -2. The formula of the anionic catalyst is generally defined as M.sup.+n [H.sub.y A.sub.x L.sub.z ].sup.-n wherein A represents Fe, Ru or Os, M is a cationic species, n is an integer greater than or equal to 2, x is an integer greater than or equal to 1, y is an integer greater than or equal to 0 and z is an integer generally corresponding to the number of available coordination bonding sites in the ruthenium complex. Monoanionic osmium catalysts are also included within the present invention. These hydroformylation catalysts exhibit greater selectivity toward straight chained aldehydes and alcohols than anionic catalysts having a charge of -1 or a neutral catalyst.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the hydroformylation of olefins (includes mixtures of olefins) of 2 to 20 carbons, and preferably of 3 to 10 carbons for the production of relatively high proportions of branched to linear aldehydes, and with especially good selectivity to the production of butyraldehydes from propylene, wherein the olefin is contacted in a reaction zone at a temperature of from about 70.degree. C. to about 250.degree. C., preferably from about 150.degree. C. to about 220.degree. C., and a pressure of from about 500 psig to about 10,000 psig, preferably from about 2,500 psig to about 3,500 psig with hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the presence of a catalytic amount of one or more tetracarboxylatodiruthenium halide complexes, i.e., an amount containing from about 10.sup.-7 to about 10.sup.-1, preferably from about 10.sup.-5 to about 10.sup.

Abstract: Described is a carbonylation process using novel homogeneous trihydrocarbyl silyl-substituted alkyl diaryl phosphine transition metal complexes of the general formula:[(Ar.sub.2 PQ).sub.y SiR.sub.4 -y].sub.g (MX.sub.n).sub.swherein Ar is a C.sub.6 to C.sub.10 aromatic hydrocarbyl radical, Q is a C.sub.1 to C.sub.30 saturated straight chain divalent radical, R is a C.sub.1 to C.sub.10 hydrocarbyl, wherein Ar, Q and R, can be substituted or unsubstituted, y is 1 to 4, g times y is 1 to 6, M is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of Group VIII transition metals, X is an anion or organic ligand excluding halogen satisfying the valence and coordination sites of the metal, n is 2 to 6 and s is 1 to 3, are disclosed. These materials exhibit high thermal stability and are superior catalysts for the selective hydroformylation of olefins, particularly in the presence of excess quantities of ligand of the formula:(Ar.sub.2 PQ)ySiR.sub.4-ywherein Ar, Q, R, and y are as previously defined.

Abstract: A process for producing linear aldehydes or alcohols from olefins using a mixed transition metal hydroformylation catalyst wherein the catalyst comprises a mixture of transition metal compounds wherein the first component is an anionic transition metal catalyst having a charge of at least -2. The formula of the anionic compound is generally defined as M.sup.+n [H.sub.y A.sub.x L.sub.z ].sup.-n wherein A represents Fe, Ru, Os, W, Cr, Co, Rh, Ir or Mo, M is a cationic species, n is an integer greater than or equal to 2, x is an integer greater than or equal to 1, y is an integer greater than or equal to 0 and z is an integer generally corresponding to the number of available coordination bonding sites of A. The second component is a Group VIII compound, preferably a halide or carbonyl of the Group VIII compound. These compounds exhibit high selectivity toward linear products.

Abstract: Described is a carbonylation process using novel homogeneous trihydrocarbyl silyl-substituted alkyl diaryl phosphine transition metal complexes of the general formula:[(Ar.sub.2 PQ).sub.y SiR.sub.4 --y].sub.g (MX.sub.n).sub.swherein Ar is a C.sub.6 to C.sub.10 aromatic hydrocarbyl radical, Q is a C.sub.1 to C.sub.30 saturated straight chain divalent radical, R is a C.sub.1 to C.sub.10 hydrocarbyl, wherein Ar, Q and R, can be substituted or unsubstituted, y is 1 to 4, g times y is 1 to 6, M is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of Group VIII transition metals, X is an anion or organic ligand excluding halogen satisfying the valence and coordination sites of the metal, n is 2 to 6 and s is 1 to 3, are disclosed. These materials exhibit high thermal stability and are superior catalysts for the selective hydroformylation of olefins, particularly in the presence of excess quantities of ligand of the formula:(Ar.sub.2 PQ)ySiR.sub.4-ywherein Ar, Q, R, and y are as previously defined.

Abstract: This invention concerns a process of preparing predominantly linear alcohols which comprises the steps of contacting a mixture of terminal and/or internal olefins and synthesis gas with a catalyst system comprising a ruthenium-containing compound coupled with one or more bidentate or multidentate, phosphine-containing promoters, dispersed in a low melting quaternary phosphonium salt, and heating said resultant reaction mixture under a pressure of 100 psi or greater at a temperature of at least 50.degree. C. for a sufficient time to produce said alcohols.

Abstract: This invention concerns a process of preparing alcohols and aldehydes which comprises the steps of contacting a mixture of terminal and/or internal olefins and synthesis gas with a catalyst system comprising a ruthenium-containing compound dispersed in a low melting quaternary phosphonium or ammonium base or salt and heating said resultant reaction mixture under a pressure of 100 psi or greater at a temperature of at least 50.degree. C. for a sufficient time to produce said alcohols and aldehydes.

Abstract: Saturated aliphatic aldehydes are prepared by contacting acetals or ketals with synthesis gas and a Group VIII compound, preferably a cobalt compound.

Abstract: A preparation of a plasticizer alcohol, consisting of predominantly 2-propylheptanol, from linear butenes is described in which oxo product of the butenes is aldoled to condense n-pentaldehyde therein with very little cross-aldolization followed by hydrogenation to obtain the 2-propylheptanol with very small 2-propyl-4-methyl hexanol content. The alcohol product as phthalate ester has excellent plasticizer properties. Also processes are described for converting other olefins to alcohols by oxo, aldol and hydrogenation reactions, with particular attention to converting hexenes obtained by propylene dimerization to C.sub.14 alcohols suitable for preparation of detergents.

Abstract: Described are methods for augmenting or enhancing the aroma of perfumes and perfumed articles by adding thereto perfume aroma augmenting or enhancing quantities of novel methyl substituted-2-oxohexane derivatives produced by dimerizing isoamylene (2-methyl-2-butene) and then oxidizing the resulting product using formic acid and hydrogen peroxide; and optionally reacting the resulting product with a methyl Grignard reagent such as methyl magnesium chloride followed by hydrolysis; as well as perfume compositions, colognes and perfumed articles including solid or liquid anionic, cationic, nonionic or zwitterionic detergents, fabric softener compositions, hair preparations, perfumed polymers and deodorant compositions as well as bleaching compositions containing same.Also covered is the genus of compounds defined according to the structure: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 taken together represent oxygen; or wherein, taken separately, R.sub.1 is hydroxyl and R.sub.2 is methyl or R.sub.

Abstract: Described are methods for augmenting or enhancing the aroma of perfumes and perfumed articles by adding thereto perfume aroma augmenting or enhancing quantities of novel methyl substituted-2-oxohexane derivatives produced by dimerizing isoamylene (2-methyl-2-butene); then oxidizing the resulting product using formic acid and hydrogen peroxide; then reducing the resulting ketone(s) with an alkali metal borohydride; and then, optionally, reacting the resulting alcohol(s) with acetic anhydride to form one or more esters; as well as perfume compositions, colognes and perfumed articles including solid or liquid anionic, cationic, nonionic or zwitterionic detergents, fabric softener compositions, hair preparations, perfumed polymers and deodorant compositions as well as bleaching compositions containing same.Also covered is the genus of compounds defined according to the structure ##STR1## wherein R.sub.12 represents hydroxyl:--OH]or acetoxy having the structure: ##STR2## and wherein R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.

Abstract: Transition metal carbonyl clusters intercalated with lamellar material such as graphite or smectites are prepared by reacting an intercalate of a transition metal halide with carbon monoxide at elevated temperature and at ambient to superatmospheric pressure. The intercalated complexes are useful in the catalysis of a variety of organic reactions including the water gas shift reaction, hydrogenation, hydroformylation, methanation, and so forth.

Abstract: According to one embodiment of the improved process of this invention, dicobalt octacarbonyl is produced in an olefinic medium by contacting an aqueous solution of a tetracarbonylcobaltate metal salt with an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of an olefinic extractant for dicobalt octacarbonyl to oxidize the tetracarbonylcobaltate anion to dicobalt octacarbonyl which is efficiently extracted into the olefinic phase, thereby producing an organic phase which can then be recovered and passed to a cobalt-catalyzed olefin hydroformylation reaction zone as source of at least a portion of the catalyst and olefin required in the olefin hydroformylation reaction to form the corresponding aldehydes.

Abstract: This invention concerns an oxo process, either batch or continuously operated, for the preparation of aldehydes, principally in relatively high proportions of branched isomer, from olefins and synthesis gas employing an unmodified rhodium catalyst feed or recycle such as the rhodium salts of organic carboxylic acids. More particularly the invention concerns such a process wherein at least a portion of the reaction medium, e.g., the oxo reactor effluent, is contacted with a ligandizing compound such as triphenylphosphine, prior to product recovery by distillation, such that the rhodium catalyst is converted to a stable form and not lost by plating out on the distillation column or base heater during the distillation. Thereafter, the catalyst is deligandized and regenerated by air treatment and reused in the process.

Abstract: According to one embodiment of the improved process of this invention, dicobalt octacarbonyl is produced in an olefinic medium by contacting an aqueous solution of a tetracarbonylcobaltate metal salt with an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of an olefinic extractant for dicobalt octacarbonyl to oxidize the tetracarbonylcobaltate anion to dicobalt octacarbonyl which is efficiently extracted into the olefinic phase, thereby producing an organic phase which can then be recovered and passed to a cobalt-catalyzed olefin hydroformylation reaction zone as source of at least a portion of the catalyst and olefin required in the olefin hydroformylation reaction to form the corresponding aldehydes.