Abstract: A continuous process for obtaining acrolein by catalytic dehydration of glycerol or glycerin, in the presence of an acid catalyst, wherein said process comprises the concomitant regeneration of said catalyst and is carried out in a fluidized bed reactor, said reactor comprising two zones, a first zone, or lower zone, termed catalyst regeneration zone, in which a fluidization gas comprising oxygen is introduced, and a second zone, or upper zone, termed reaction zone, in which the glycerol or glycerin is introduced and converted into acrolein.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing an episulfide compound, the method including a step of thiating epoxy groups of (B) an epoxy compound by a reaction with (C) a thiating agent in the presence of (A) a polyhydric hydroxyl compound having two or more hydroxyl groups.

Abstract: A process to produce 3-methylmercaptopropionaldehyde is provided.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a novel compound, 2-mercapto-5-methyl-4-heptanone, a process of augmenting, enhancing or imparting taste to a material selected from the group consisting of a foodstuff, a chewing gum, a medicinal product, and toothpaste comprising the step of incorporating an olfactory acceptable amount of 2-mercapto-5-methyl-4-heptanone, and a process of improving, enhancing or modifying a fragrance formulation through the addition of an olfactory acceptable amount of 2-mercapto-5-methyl-4-heptanone.

Abstract: A process to produce 3-methylmercaptopropionaldehyde is provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the selective elimination of propanal in acrolein-rich streams to produce acrolein and/or acrylic acid and/or acrylonitrile and/or methylmercaptopropionaldehyde containing low amount of propanal and/or propionic acid and/or propionitrile. One subject of the present invention is a process for manufacturing acrolein comprising a step of selective elimination of propanal in an acrolein-rich stream in contact with a catalyst comprising at least molybdenum. Another subject of the present invention is a process for manufacturing acrylic acid from glycerol including a step of selective elimination of propanal in an acrolein-rich stream in contact with a catalyst comprising at least molybdenum.

Abstract: What is described are 3-aminocarbonyl-substituted benzoylcyclohexanediones of the formula (I) as herbicides. In this formula (I), R1 to R5 are radicals such as hydrogen, organic radicals such as alkyl, and other radicals such as halogen. X is alkylene.

Abstract: The present invention provides a photocurable composition prepared using mercapto benzophenone compounds as key raw materials. The present invention aims to solve the problems existing in the prior photo-curing technology that low-molecular photoinitiators are easy to remain and migrate, while macromolecular photoinitiators has low initiation efficiency due to a low content of effective components and also has the problem of certain migration. The photocurable composition in the present invention can be easily prepared and has high addition efficiency with ethylenically unsaturated compounds, and the photocurable composition obtained by addition has no residual mercapto and has features of high initiation activity and zero migration rates when it is used in photocurable coatings, binder and ink formula.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a new process for making an alkylaromatic compound. In an embodiment of this invention, the process is directed to selective synthesizing an alkylaromatic compound comprising a high amount of dialkylate product. In general, this process involves contacting at least one alkylatable aromatic compound with an alkylating agent and a catalyst under suitable reaction conditions such that the resulting reactor effluent prior to any stripping step may be characterized by a dialkylate product content of at least 44 wt % and a trialkylate and higher polyalkylate product content of no more than 20 wt %. The alkylaromatic compounds produced have excellent thermal and oxidative stabilities, good additive solvency, and improved seal compatibility while maintaining good VI and low temperature properties. They are useful as lubricant basestocks and lubricant additives.

Abstract: This invention is directed to an improvement in the process for the production of alkylaromatic compounds that results in lower levels of residual unreacted materials in the final product. This invention comprises: 1) alkylation of an aromatic compound with an alkylating agent and a catalyst to produce an effluent stream comprising an alkylaromatic compound and unreacted materials; 2) heating the effluent stream; 3) stripping the effluent stream in a stripping device in the presence of steam; 4) separating a stripping stream from the stripping device, the stripping stream rich in unreacted materials; and 5) separating a product stream from the stripping device, the product stream rich in alkylated aromatic compound.

Abstract: The present invention provides modified multifunctional thiol-ene monomers wherein one or more thiols are reacted with a Michael addition reactive double bond compound. The present invention further discloses photocurable thiol-ene formulations comprising thiol-ene monomers including the modified multifunctional thiols. The present invention further discloses photocurable thiol-ene formulations comprising thiol-ene monomers and Michael addition reactive double bond molecules and a Michael catalyst. The formulations of the present invention can be photocured to make films or coatings. In a further disclosure, the formulations, including those comprised of unmodified multifunctional thiols and multifunctional enes, are photocured to form films applied to non-flexible or flexible polymer or non-polymer substrates suitable for food packaging, electronic products, optical products and other applications and free-standing films.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide an epoxy resin curing agent which has a favorable pot life and good storage stability as a curing agent for epoxy resins and from which an epoxy resin cured product having good water resistance and hardness is obtained through curing. The present invention is an epoxy resin curing agent containing a secondary or tertiary branched thiol compound having a substituent on a carbon atom at the ?-position to a thiol group, and is also an epoxy resin composition comprising a polyvalent epoxy compound and the epoxy resin curing agent.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a golf ball having high resilience. The gist of the present invention resides in selecting an organic sulfur compound used for a golf ball rubber composition containing (a) a base rubber, (b) a co-crosslinking agent, (c) a crosslinking initiator, and (d) the organic sulfur compound from organic sulfur compounds having specific structures such that a sum of substituent constants of the substituents X in a structure represented by the following formula (4) is 0.2 or more and SP value of the structure represented by the following formula (4) is in a range from 19.0 (J/cm3) using the same.

Abstract: To provide a resist polymer comprising, as a structural unit, an acid-decomposable unit having a structure represented by formula (1) or (2) which exhibits a small line edge roughness and produces little defects in DUV excimer laser lithography or the like.

Abstract: A bacterial autoinducer, CAI-1, was purified and its structure identified. Methods for synthesis of the autoinducer and its analogues were elucidated. Methods of using the autoinducer or its analogues for treating bacterial pathogenicity and bio film formation are described. Methods for prevention and treatment of cholera are described. Synthetic (S)-3-hydroxytridecan-4-one functions as well as natural CAI-1 in repressing production of the virulence factor toxin co-regulated pilus (TCP). Strategies are described to manipulate bacterial quorum sensing in the clinical arena.

Abstract: ??-Unsaturated sulfoxides of Formula I: are useful as antiproliferative agents including, for example, anticancer agents, and as radioprotective and chemoprotective agents.

Abstract: Benzophenone/thioxanthone derivatives useful as photoinitiators are provided as well as photopolymerizable compositions comprising the benzophenone/thioxanthone derivatives.

Abstract: A novel organic thiol stabilizer for PVC is described herein. Specifically, this novel thiol stabilizer for PVC is dipentaerythritol hexakis(mercaptoacetate). The organic thiol stabilizer of the present invention, when blended with halogen-containing polymers such as PVC, or derivatives thereof, provides advantages in cost and/or performance relative to existing organic stabilizers for PVC.

Abstract: A process for preparing acrolein from glycerol using an acidic solid-state catalyst which comprises tungsten compounds and further promoters.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a monoalkylidene substituted 1,4-dions derivatives of formula (Ia) or (Ib) or a mixture of (Ia) and (Ib): wherein: R1, R2 and R3, equal to or different from each other, are hydrogen atoms or C1–C20 hydrocarbon groups: T1 and T2, equal to or different from each other, are OR4, R4, NR42, SR4 or PR42; or T1 and T2 can be fused in an oxygen atom or a NR4 group; said process comprises the step of reacting a compound of formula (II) with a compound of formula (IIIa) or (IIIb) in the presence of at least one equivalent with respect to the compound of formula (IIIa) or (IIIb) of a carbonate of metal M or of a compound of formula MTj such as K2CO3 or KHCO3

Abstract: Organic thiol compounds based on pentaerythritol and dipentaerythritol are described herein. More specifically, the compounds of the present invention are mixed esters of pentaerythritol and dipentaerythritol having at least one sulfhydryl group and preferably a plurality of sulfhydryl groups as well as at least one non-thiol-containing group. The organic thiol compounds are utilized to plasticize and/or heat stabilize halogen-containing polymer compositions especially poly(vinyl chloride) compositions. The compositions are substantially free or free of metal-based stabilizers, Lewis acids and terpenes. The compounds of the present invention are ideally utilized in polymers normally susceptible to deterioration and color change which can occur during processing of the polymer or exposure of the polymer to certain environments and surprisingly also serve as excellent plasticizers.

Abstract: Process for the Production of 3-methylthiopropanal. A process for the production of 3-methylthiopropanal which reacting reaction medium comprising methyl mercaptan and acrolein in the presence of a catalyst comprising an organic base characterised in that the organic base is a N-alkyl morpholine compound.

Abstract: A vicinal dithiol is produced by the reaction of an episulfide compound having at least one thiirane ring in its molecule and a thiocarboxylic S-acid.

Abstract: A compound of formula (I) or (II): wherein A is hydrogen or CR1R2; Y and Z are each, independently, hydrogen or a halogen; X is —NR4R5, or R7; R1 is hydrogen, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or alkenyl group containing 1–4 carbon atoms; when X is —NR4R5, R2 is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, aralkyl aralkenyl, or aralkynyl group, that optionally includes at least one heteroatom in its carbon skeleton and contains 1–12 carbon atoms; when X is R7, R2 is an unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl, aralkyl aralkenyl, or aralkynyl group, that optionally includes at least one heteroatom in its carbon skeleton and contains 1–12 carbon atoms; R3 is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, aralkyl aralkenyl, or aralkynyl group, that optionally includes at least one heteroatom in its carbon skeleton and contains 1–12 carbon atoms; R4 is hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, aralkyl

Abstract: A method for preparing 3-(methylthio)propanal and 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butanenitrile by catalyzed addition of methylmercaptan to acrolein and hydrogen cyanide to 3-(methylthio)propanal.

Abstract: What is described are derivatives of benzoylcyclohexanediones of the formula (I) and their use as herbicides. In this formula (I), R1a, R1b, R1c, R2, R3, R4 and R5 denote various radicals, X1 is a bridging atom, X2 is a carbon chain and X3 is a chalcogen atom or an oximino radical.

Abstract: Organic thiol compounds including mercaptophenylcarboxylates are disclosed which can be utilized to plasticize and/or stabilize halogen-containing polymer compositions, especially poly(vinyl chloride) compositions. Compounds of the present invention are utilized in polymers normally susceptible to deterioration and color change, which typically occurs during processing of the polymer or exposure to certain environments.

Abstract: In a process to make dithiodiglycol by oxidation of ?-mercaptoethanol with sulfur, an improved product is recovered when a 1-10 mol % excess of ?-mercaptoethanol is used and hydrogen sulfide is removed by vacuum or nitrogen sparge. A typical product contains 88.1 mol % (92.0 wt %) dithiodiglycol, 2.3 mol % (2.9 wt %) trithiodiglycol and 9.6 mol % (5.1 wt %) unreacted ?-mercaptoethanol. Reaction of this product with 35 to 50 wt % solution hydrogen peroxide reduces residual ?-mercaptoethanol to less than 0.02 wt % mercaptan. Residual water of about 3.6 wt % after hydrogen peroxide treatment is reduced to less than 1 wt % by vacuum stripping and/or nitrogen sparge or with a wiped film evaporator.

Abstract: Benzoylcyclohexanedione derivatives of the formula (I) and their use as herbicides are described. In this formula (I), R1, R3, and R4 are various radicals, L—(R2)n is haloalkyl, and n is 0 to 2.

Abstract: The present invention discloses hydrogen bond stabilized surface modifying agents having a fluorinated or semi-fluorinated carbon-containing tail group, an internal moiety capable of intermolecular hydrogen bonding or related acid-base interactions and a head group capable of reacting or interacting with surfaces such as metal, non-metallic, ceramic, other inorganic oxide or organic surfaces. The present invention also discloses cost effective method for making the agents, methods for treating surfaces therewith, the treated surfaces and devices made therefrom.

Abstract: The present invention relates to peptide-like compounds, eg aminocarboxylic acid amide derivatives, and to methods of using same to stimulate cells of the immune system, bone marrow and other organs. The present compounds can be used to enhance vaccination, increase synthesis of and enhance function of blood cell components and enhance anti-neoplastic effects of various agents. The compounds of the invention can be used to produce a variety of further pharmacologic effects.

Abstract: A new method for producing unsymmetrically substituted fluorenyl compounds, one step of which is the preparation of 2,7-disubstituted fluoren-9-one derivatives via the nucleophilic substitution of a compound of the formula D wherein A′ is selected from the group consisting of —Br, —Cl, —F, —NO2, and —CN; A is selected from the group consisting of —NO2, —CN, —CO2R, —C(O)R, —SO2R, —SO2RF, —C(CN)═C(CN)2 and —CH═C(CN)2; RF is —CpF2p+1, p=from about 0 to about 10; R is an straight, branched or cyclic aliphatic alkyl group having about 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or an aromatic group such as phenyl or naphthyl; and is a carbonyl or a protected carbonyl such as a ketal or thio-ketal such as wherein R′ is —CrH2r+1; R″ is —(CH2)r—; and r is independently 2 or 3, with a nucleophilic reagent in the presence of an aprotic solvent

Abstract: 1 The invention relates to a method and agents for permanently styling hair, characterised in that they contain a keratin reduction agent in the form of N,N-disubstituted mercaptoacetamide of general formula (I) or salts thereof, R1 and R2 representing a straight-chain or branched alkyl radical, monohydroxyalkyl or polyhydroxyalkyl or carboxyalkyl, each with 1 to 6 carbon atoms. The invention also relates to a method for producing these mercaptoacetamides and to the novel mercaptoacetamide N-ethyl-N-2′-hydroxy-ethylmercaptoacetamide. The inventive agent enables the hair to be styled gently and evenly, at a pH range—4.5 to 9.5—which is gentle on skin and hair, without causing allergic or sensitizing reactions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a polymeric film composed of an optically anisotropic material made from a cross-linked synthetic resin composition comprising a polymer network, being obtainable by copolymerization of a mixture comprising (a) at least one monomer or oligomer, each of said monomers or oligomers having at least two polymerizable functional groups selected from the group consisting of (meth-)acrylate ester, epoxy and vinyl ether, (b) at least one achiral liquid crystalline monomer or oligomer, each of said monomersloligomers having mesogenic groups and one polymerizable functional group selected from the group consisting of (meth-)acrylate ester, epoxy and vinyl ether.

Abstract: A method for the production of a sulfide group-containing thiol compound which comprises causing alkylene sulfide to react with a thiol compound in the presence of at least one basic catalyst selected from the group consisting of basic ion-exchange resins, quaternary ammonium compounds and alkyl pyridinium compounds, thereby inducing the ring-opening addition of the alkylene sulfide to the thiol compound. Further, a method for the production of a sulfide group-containing mercaptocarboxylic ester which comprises causing an alkylene sulfide to react with a mercaptocarboxylic ester.

Abstract: A photoactivatable reagent useful as a chain transfer reagent for providing a semitelechelic polymer having one or more terminal photoactivatable groups. The reagent provides one or more photoactivatable groups and one or more sulfhydryl (or other chain transfer) groups, the photoactivatable and chain transfer groups optionally being joined together by a spacer group. The reagent can be used to prepare a polymer by serving to initiate the polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers. The reagent itself becomes an integral part of the resultant polymer, thereby providing the polymer with a terminal photoactivatable nature. The method provides a number of benefits, including the ability to provide homogeneous photoactivatable polymer compositions, e.g., in terms of the uniform location of the photogroup(s) on the terminal portion of each polymer molecule and the ability to build a desired nonpolar quality, and in turn improved surfactancy, into otherwise polar polymers.

Abstract: An object is to provide a method for the production of a sulfide group-containing thiol compound which comprises using a solvent capable of effecting the ring-opening addition reaction of an alkylene sulfide to a thiol compound without inducing the alkylene sulfide to polymerize. A method for the production of a sulfide group-containing thiol compound, which comprises effecting the ring-opening addition reaction of an alkylene sulfide represented by the general formula (1): ##STR1## (wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4, which may be identical or different, stand for a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or an aromatic group of 6 to 15 carbon atoms) to a thiol compound in a solvent of an amide compound or urea substituent-containing compound.

Abstract: Novel substrates of phospholipases, lysophospholipases and lipases are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to novel methadone derivatives which are synthesized for the covalent attachment to antigens (proteins or polypeptides) for the preparation of antibodies or receptors to methadone and methadone metabolites. The resulting novel antigens may be used for the production of antibodies or receptors using standard methods. Once generated, the antibodies or receptors and the novel derivatives which are covalently attached to proteins, polypeptides or labels may be used in the immunoassay process.

Abstract: A process comprises contacting, in the presence of a catalyst, hydrogen sulfide or a mercaptan such as, for example, n-dodecyl mercaptan with an .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carbonyl or .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated cyano compound such as, for example, methyl acrylate wherein the catalyst comprises a pyridine derivative such as, for example, 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine or an ion exchange resin such as, for example, "AMBERLYST A-21" to produce a 3-hydrocarbylthio derivative of the .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carbonyl or .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated cyano compound such as, for example, methyl 3-(dodecylthio)propionate.

Abstract: Novel palladium complexes and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same are provided. Such complexes comprise (palladium).sub.m (lipoic acid).sub.n, wherein m and n are each independently 1 or 2. A process for preparing such complexes is also disclosed. In addition, a method of treatment of tumors and a method of treatment of psoriasis comprising administering the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention are provided.

Abstract: Epoxy-containing compounds which are essentially free of organic halides are prepared by (I) reacting an allyl derivative of an active hydrogen-containing compound with (II) a peroxygen-containing compound. The epoxy-containing compounds are useful in coatings, castings, laminates etc.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel HIV protease inhibitors, pharmaceutical formulations containing those compounds and methods of treating and/or preventing HIV infection and/or AIDS.

Abstract: Compounds having non-linear optical activity of the general formula ##STR1## wherein D and A are electron donor and acceptor groups, respectively, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are aromatic bridging groups, X and Y are preferably groups capable of partaking in polymerization reactions are suitable for use in polymer-based light modulator devices.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for preparation of an aromatic thiol corresponding to the structureA-(SH)nwhereinA is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic radical and n is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 comprising contacting at a temperature of at least 80.degree. C. an aromatic halide corresponding to the structureA-XmwhereinA is the same as above, X is bromine oriodine and n is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6with thiourea in the presence of nickel metal.

Abstract: The subject of the present invention is compounds which correspond to the following general formula: ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.3 independently of one another represent H, an alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl or an alkylaryl group, a heterocycle, or groups which are unsubstituted or substituted, in particular by one or more hydroxyl or alkoxy groups or halogen;n represents an integer from 1 to 5;i in each case takes values from 1 to n for the n successive ##STR2## links; R.sub.2, R.sub.4.sup.i and R.sub.5.sup.i independently of one another represent H, an alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, amido, acyl or carboxyalkyl group, or a salt, or an alkyl ester of the latter; or R.sub.4.sup.i and R.sub.5.sup.i together form an oxo group ##STR3## R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 represent H, or R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 together form an oxo group ##STR4## x represents a 5- or 6-membered heterocycle which contains at least one nitrogen atom, or, in the event that ##STR5## where R.sub.8 and R.sub.

Abstract: Activated olefinically unsaturated organic compounds such as esters, acids, ketones, nitriles, and the like, are reacted with hydrogen sulfide in the presence of at least one of magnesium oxide and anion exchange resins catalysts to produce saturated sulfur-containing compounds. In a specific embodiment, unsaturated carboxylates are converted in high yields to mercaptoalkanoates.

Abstract: The present invention relates, by way of novel industrial products, to osides selected from the group consisting of:(i) the .beta.-.eta.-phenylthioxylosides of the formula: ##STR1## in which: R represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a nitro group or a cyano group,A represents the sulfur atom or the oxygen atom,B represents a CH.sub.2, CHOH or CO group andY represents the hydrogen atom or an acyl group; and(ii) epimers thereof when B is CHOH.These products are useful in therapy as antithrombotics.

Abstract: Benzophenones are prepared by condensing benzoic acids and aromatics of the benzene series by means of boron trifluoride in nitrobenzene as reaction medium.

Abstract: Thiophenols of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 independently of each other each stand for hydrogen, halogen, nitro, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkoxyalkyl, alkylthioalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy or alkylcarboxyl, optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted hetaryl,R.sup.5 stands for alkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkylthioalkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted hetaryl, andX stands for carbonyl, sulphinyl or sulphonyl can be obtained by reacting halobenzenes of the formula ##STR2## in which Hal stands for halogen, first with sodium hydrogen sulphide or sodium sulphide in the presence of a diluent to form compounds of the formula ##STR3## and then adding an acid to form the thiophenol, some of the thiophenols are novel and all can be used to form aryethioaminopyridides which are employed as herbicides.