Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing a compound having an amino group and/or a hydroxyl group from a substrate compound having an atomic group containing CO or CS by eliminating such atomic group. The substrate compound, having an atomic group containing CO or CS (for example, an amide, a carbamate, or the like), is allowed to react with a compound expressed by formula (I) below, at a temperature of 120° C. or lower, preferably in the presence of an ammonium salt, to eliminate such atomic group containing CO or CS. In formula (I) A may not be present, and in a case where A is present, A represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. H2N-A—NH2 (I) - - -.

Abstract: The present invention is directed generally to a method of production of value-added, biobased chemicals from lignin sources, including waste lignin. A method of producing biobased aromatic chemicals, biobased aromatic fuels, and/or lignin residues from lignin is also described herein.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the hydroxylation of halogen aryl compounds carried out at a temperature lower than 200° C. in the presence of a catalytic system including a copper-based catalyst and a ligand L according to reaction scheme Formula (A), in which: R is selected from the groups having an acceptor inductive effect and the groups having a donor mesomer effect; M is selected from alkaline or alkaline-earth cations; X is a halogen atom; r is between 0 and 5; and the ligand L is selected from compounds having formula I.

Abstract: Cell culture media comprising antioxidants are provided herein as are methods of using the media for cell culturing and polypeptide production from cells. Compositions comprising polypeptides, such as therapeutic polypeptides, produced by the methods herein are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of organic chemistry, more specifically to the synthesis of intermediate compounds which can be used in the synthesis of pharmaceutically active agents such as anacetrapib or derivatives thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for the preparation of some novel multiconjugated 2- or 4-hydroxy substituted stilbenes. The method provides one pot multicomponent approach wherein 3-4 step reaction sequences viz. condensation, decarboxylation and Heck coupling occur simultaneously which results in an enhanced yield of desired products and reduced reaction times.

Abstract: A compound of formula I-0, and its pharmaceutically acceptable salt or salts and physiologically hydrolysable derivatives in free form or salt form: wherein Z1 is C1-C4 linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl; R4 is selected from unsubstituted and substituted C3-C3 cycloalkyl, C1-C8 linear or branched alkyl, C2-5 alkenyl, C6-C10 heteroaryl or aryl, or C3-C8 heterocyclyl which may be part unsaturated, and combinations thereof; Z is linear C2-3 alkylene; X1 is selected from NH and O; X2 is selected from unsaturated C and unsaturated S; and X3 is selected from NH and CH2; or one of X1 and X3 is a single bond; or X1 is O and X2 and X3 together are a single bond; and R7 is selected from oxo, F, Cl, Br, CN, NH2, NR92, NO2, CF3, OR9, COR9, OCOR9, COOR9, NR9COR9, CONR92SO2NR92, NR9SO2R9; and R8 is selected from C1-5 alkyl, C1-5 alkoxyl, C2-5 alkenyl or alkynyl, C6-10 aryl and C3-8 cycloalkyl and combinations thereof, which may be unsubstituted or further substituted by one or more F, Cl, Br, CN, NH2, NR32, NO2, CF3;

Abstract: Methods of synthesizing 4-alkyl resorcinols and other substituted phenol compounds, according to formula (IV): or salts thereof, are disclosed, wherein the variables are defined herein.

Abstract: Provided is a low-cost, environmentally friendly living radical polymerization catalyst having high activity. The catalyst is used for a living radical polymerization method, and contains a central element consisting of oxygen and at least one halogen atom bound to the central element. Furthermore, an alcohol compound can be used as a catalyst precursor. By polymerizing a monomer in the presence of the catalyst, a polymer having narrow molecular weight distribution can be obtained, and the cost of the living radical polymerization can be remarkably reduced. The present invention is significantly more environmentally friendly and economically excellent than conventional living radical polymerization methods, due to advantages of the catalyst such as low toxicity of the catalyst, low amount of the catalyst necessary, high solubility of the catalyst, mild reaction conditions, and no coloration/no odor (which do not require a post-treatment for a molded article), and the like.

Abstract: The invention provides for a process for the depolymerization of lignin in an inert atmosphere to result in substituted phenolic monomer compounds. The process is catalysed by heterogeneous solid acid catalysts and is carried out in batch or continuous mode.

Abstract: A coating having an adhesive hydrophilic polymer and an amphiphilic additive. The amphiphilic additive has a hydrophilic chain, a biocidal functional group bonded to the hydrophilic chain, and a hydrophobic moiety bonded to the hydrophilic chain or to the biocidal functional group. A method of forming a biocidal surface by providing an article, and coating the article with the above coating. A compound having the formula: Y—(O—CH2—CH2)n—R—(CH2)m—CH3. Y is CH3 or H. R is X is a halogen, and m and n are independently selected positive integers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the hydroxylation of halogen aryl compounds carried out at a temperature lower than 200° C. in the presence of a catalytic system including a copper-based catalyst and a ligand L according to reaction scheme Formula (A), in which: R is selected from the groups having an acceptor inductive effect and the groups having a donor mesomer effect; M is selected from alkaline or alkaline-earth cations; X is a halogen atom; r is between 0 and 5; and the ligand L is selected from compounds having formula I.

Abstract: Non-aqueous dental adhesive comprising a mixture containing (i) one or more polymerizable monomers optionally containing an acidic group, (ii) a polymerization initiator, and (iii) a thermal polymerization inhibitor of the following formula (I) wherein R?1 represents a hydrogen atom, or a saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms. R?2, which may be the same or different if more than one R?2 is present, independently represent a saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and c represents an integer of from 1 to 4, and (iv) optionally an organic solvent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to formulations of volatile organic compounds having effects on Otiorhynchus weevils e.g., Otiorhynchus sulcatus. In some embodiments, volatile organic compounds selected from (E)-2-hexenol, (Z)-2-pentenol, methyl eugenol and a combination thereof are effective for attracting Otiorhynchus weevils. The invention also relates to traps and particularly to a “weevil trap” combined with any one or more of the disclosed volatile organic compounds selected from (E)-2-hexenol, (Z)-2-pentenol, methyl eugenol, and light which are effective for monitoring and controlling Otiorhynchus weevils.

Abstract: The invention relates to a compound according to Formula (IX) and salts thereof, wherein R1, R2 and R5 are each independently selected from H and hydrocarbon moieties, which hydrocarbon moieties optionally comprise one or more heteroatoms, and which hydrocarbons optionally comprise substituents, or when the compound according to formula (IX) is a salt, R1 and/or R2 may be a cation, R3, and R4 each independently selected from hydrocarbon moieties, which hydrocarbon moieties optionally comprise one or more heteroatoms, and which hydrocarbons optionally comprise substituents, and wherein any two of R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are optionally linked together to form a ring structure. The invention further relates to the preparation of such a compound and to the use of such a compound for preparing a pharmaceutical compound, an agrochemical compound, an intermediate for a pharmaceutical compound or an intermediate for an agrochemical compound.

Abstract: Described is a process for the alkoxylation of alcohols with I, Cl, or CH3CO2 endgroups, using alkylene epoxides in the presence of boron based catalysts.

Abstract: Processes for the alkoxylation of alcohols using alkylene epoxides in the presence of boron based catalysts are provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of producing reduced coenzyme Q10 crystals suitable for commercial scale production thereof. According to a method of the present invention of producing a reduced coenzyme Q10 crystal which comprises a crystallization of reduced coenzyme Q10 in a solution of alcohols and/or ketones, reduced coenzyme Q10 crystal excellent in slurry properties and crystalline properties maybe obtained. Moreover, an isolation process including a crystal separation or the whole process including the isolation process maybe minimized and simplified. Thus, highly pure reduced coenzyme Q10 may be obtained in a high yield.

Abstract: Provided is a low-cost, environmentally friendly living radical polymerization catalyst having high activity. The catalyst is used for a living radical polymerization method, and contains a central element consisting of oxygen and at least one halogen atom bound to the central element. Furthermore, an alcohol compound can be used as a catalyst precursor. By polymerizing a monomer in the presence of the catalyst, a polymer having narrow molecular weight distribution can be obtained, and the cost of the living radical polymerization can be remarkably reduced. The present invention is significantly more environmentally friendly and economically excellent than conventional living radical polymerization methods, due to advantages of the catalyst such as low toxicity of the catalyst, low amount of the catalyst necessary, high solubility of the catalyst, mild reaction conditions, and no coloration/no odor (which do not require a post-treatment for a molded article), and the like.

Abstract: The invention entitled “A Microwave Induced One Pot Process for The Preparation of Arylethenes” provides a method for the preparation of commercially important 2- or 4-hydroxy substituted arylethenes like styrenes or stilbenes in one pot utilizing cheaper substrates in the form of 2- or 4-hydroxy substituted cinnamic acids and their derivatives as well as reagents in the form of base such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, ammonium acetate, imidazole, methylimidazole and the combination thereof, with or without solvent such as dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, acetonitrile, acetone, methyl imidazoles, ionic liquid, water and the like. The reaction time vary from 1 min-12 hrs and yield of the products from 49-76% depending upon the base, acid, substrate source of heating monomode or multimode microwave or conventional.

Abstract: A process for producing a stable polymer such as poly(hydroxystyrene) which comprises the decarboxylation of a corresponding phenolic in the presence of a non-amine basic catalyst and a polar organic solvent, followed by the polymerization thereof.

Abstract: A process for production and novel physical forms of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) wherein tertiary butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) reacts within a range of about 30 to 50° C. with stoichiometrically slight excess of dimethyl sulphate and sodium hydroxide. The sodium hydroxide is added stoichiometrially in slight excess of dimethyl sulphate. A major portion of BHA formed in this reaction was recovered in a crystalline form in which 3-t-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (3 isomer) is at least at a level of about 99%, usually at about 99.5% or more, and TBHQ at 100 ppm or less. BHA remaining in a mother liquor after crystallization was recovered by distillation and had the same purity as the crystalline BHA. The crystalline form was prepared as a low density, as well as a high density, form and could also be converted into compressed forms including flakes, tablets and the like.

Abstract: The present invention provides a compound having a formula: where R1 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, CH2(OC2H4)OCH3, and —(OC2H4)OCH3; n is 0-4; Olig is an oligomer having a formula: -L-O-PAGR.R2]q where L is a optional linker moiety selected from the group consisting of —CH2O—, —CH2OX—, —OX—, —C(O)—, —C(O)X, —NH—, —NHC(O)—, —XNHC(O)—, —NHC(O)X—, —C(O)NH—, —C(O)NHX—, and where X is alky1-6 or is not present, Y is N or O or is not present, and R3 is alkyl1-6; PAG is a linear or branched polyalkylene glycol moiety; R2 is an alkyl1-22 capping moiety if X is present or alkyl2-22 if X is not present; and q is a number from 1 to the maximum number of branches on PAG; and m is 1-5.

Abstract: The progression of hepatic fibrosis and hepatic cirrhosis caused by various hepatic disorders and damages such as chronic hepatitis can be restrained by hepatic fibrosis inhibitor containing a compound represented by the following chemical formula: wherein, R1 represents an alkyl group with a carbon number of 4 to 8, and R2 represents a hydrogen atom, alkylcarbonyl group with a carbon number of 2 to 6, or alkoxycarbonyl group with a carbon number of 2 to 6.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a new process for the preparation of 1,4-benzoquiones of formula (II) wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 are independently selected from the group consisting of branched or unbranched C1-C6 alkyl, phenyl and benzyl, wherein phenyl and benzyl is optionally substituted by one or more substituent independently selected from the group consisting of C1-C6 alkyl and halogen, and wherein C1-C6 alkyl is optionally substituted with one or more halogen susbstituents, and wherein R2 and R3 together can form a C1-C6-alkylene radical, optionally substituted by one or more susbstituents independently selected from the group comprising C1-C6, benzyl, phenyl and halogen. One preferred compound is 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-[1,4]benzoquinone, also known as coenzyme Q0 (CoQ0). Also disclosed are novel compounds and intermediates, and a method for the preparation of coenzyme Qn, preferable the coenzyme Q10.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel honokiol derivatives, as well as pharmaceutical compositions containing the honokiol derivatives. These compounds and pharmaceutical compositions can be used in the prevention and/or treatment of cancer. In particular, honokiol derivatives, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the derivatives, and methods for their use in the treatment of myeloma are provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a compound having a formula: where R1 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, CH2(OC2H4)OCH3, and —(OC2H4)OCH3; n is 0-4; Olig is an oligomer having a formula: -L-O-PAGR.R2]q where L is a optional linker moiety selected from the group consisting of —CH2O—, —CH2OX—, —OX—, —C(O)—, —C(O)X, —NH—, —NHC(O)—, —XNHC(O)—, —NHC(O)X—, —C(O)NH—, —C(O)NHX—, and where X is alky1-6 or is not present, Y is N or O or is not present, and R3 is alkyl1-6; PAG is a linear or branched polyalkylene glycol moiety; R2 is an alkyl1-22 capping moiety if X is present or alkyl2-22 if X is not present; and q is a number from 1 to the maximum number of branches on PAG; and m is 1-5.

Abstract: A process for preparing toluene derivatives of the formula I, where R1, R2 and R3 independently of one another are hydrogen, halogen, C1–C6-alkyl, hydroxyl or C1–C6-alkoxy, by hydrogenating benzaldehydes and/or benzyl alcohols of the formula II, with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst, which is described in more detail in the description.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for obtaining reduced coenzyme Q10 which is useful as an ingredient in foods, functional nutritive foods, specific health foods, nutritional supplements, nutrients, drinks, feeds, cosmetics, medicines, remedies, preventive drugs, etc. suited for a commercial scale production in high quality and efficiently. The high-quality oily reduced coenzyme Q10 which has low viscosity and thereby easily handled may be produced by separating an aqueous phase from the reaction mixture obtainable by oily reacting oxidized coenzyme Q10 with a reducing agent in water, or by distilling off an coexisting organic solvent at or above the melting temperature of reduced coenzyme Q10 in concentrating the organic phase containing reduced coenzyme Q10. Moreover, a solution or slurry of reduced coenzyme Q10 may be obtained by adding a desired solvent to the obtained oily product, or a solid of reduced coenzyme Q10 may be produced by contacting the oily product with a seed crystal.

Abstract: The present invention provides a convergent method for the synthesis of ubiquinones and ubiquinone analogues. Also provided are precursors of ubiquinones and their analogues that are useful in the methods of the invention.

Abstract: A process to synthesize substituted phenols such as those of the general formula RR′R″Ar(OH) wherein R, R′, and R″ are each independently hydrogen or any group which does not interfere in the process for synthesizing the substituted phenol including, but not limited to, halo, alkyl, alkoxy, carboxylic ester, amine, amide; and Ar is any variety of aryl or hetroaryl by means of oxidation of substituted arylboronic esters is described. In particular, a metal-catalyzed C—H activation/borylation reaction is described, which when followed by direct oxidation in a single or separate reaction vessel affords phenols without the need for any intermediate manipulations. More particularly, a process wherein Ir-catalyzed borylation of arenes using pinacolborane (HBPin) followed by oxidation of the intermediate arylboronic ester by OXONE is described.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the synthesis of aryl alkyl monoethers by reaction of a phenol compound, comprising one or more hydroxyl groups attached to the aromatic system, and of a dialkyl carbonate. It is a solvent-free process carried out at a pressure of between 0.93×105 Pa and 1.07×105 Pa, at a temperature of between 100° C. and 200° C., and in the presence of a catalyst chosen from the group consisting of alkaline carbonates and alkaline hydroxides. The dialkyl carbonate is added gradually to the reaction mixture.

Abstract: Aryl alkyl ethers can be produced by the reaction of hydroxyaromatics with an alcohol in the presence of a catalyst. This process achieves higher yields of aryl alkyl ethers and the formation of ring-alkylated products and dialkyl ethers is markedly reduced.

Abstract: Phenolic polyether polyols are prepared by a two stage oxyalkylation process, a first stage performed at a high oxyalkylation temperature and a second stage at a lower oxyalkylation temperature. Despite the use of high temperature during oxyalkylation, polydispersity is substantially unaffected, while process time is drastically reduced.

Abstract: A mixed liquid of two or more components different in boiling temperature from each other and soluble in or compatible with each other is evaporated into a mixed vapor having a similar composition to that of the mixed liquid by using an apparatus having a thin film evaporator (1) having a feed inlet (1a) and a delivery outlet (1b), while forcedly circulating the non-evaporated portion of the mixed multi-component liquid by withdrawing the non-evaporated mixed liquid portion from the delivery side end portion of the evaporator and returning the mixed liquid portion into the feed side end portion of the evaporator through a circulating line (3), and the resultant mixed multi-component vapor can be used as a mixed material vapor for a gas phase catalytic reaction for producing, for example, a mono and/or a di-alkylether of an aromatic dihydroxy compound.

Abstract: A process for preparing alkoxy- and aryloxy-phenols involves the steps of reacting a benzaldehyde derivative with a peracid to form a benzodioxole derivative, removing non-reacted peracid from the reaction mixture, and reacting the benzodioxole derivative in the reaction mixture with a hydrolyzing agent.

Abstract: Phenolic compounds with a phenolic molecule to which are covalently linked an oxygen-containing group, a nitrogen- or another oxygen containing group, and a C1-C4 alkoxy group, obtainable from monocotyledonous plants, animals that eat such plants, or chemical synthesis, have been found to act as an antidepressant or otherwise a treatment for bettering mood, a therapy for improving sexual desire or performance, an adjunctive therapy for achieving weight loss, and an adjunctive therapy for substance abuse and addiction. These compounds, at concentrations suitable for human therapeutic use, may be obtained from plants such as corn in their early growth stages and from parts of animals such as the velvet antler tips of deer and elk.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method, compounds, and compositions for treating a disease associated with immune dysfunction. In accordance with the method, a pharmacologically-acceptable composition including at least one compound selected from the group of compounds consisting of 5-alkyl-resorcinol derivatives, cannabinol derivatives, cannabidiol derivatives, cannabigerol derivatives, and combinations thereof is administered to a patient under conditions sufficient to attenuate the dysfunction within the immune system. The invention also provides an antiviral cannabinol derivative that can be used in the inventive method. The invention also provides an alkylated resorcinol derivative and a method of using the alkylated resorcinol derivative to attenuate the growth of a neoplasm. The method and compound are useful for treating diseases of the immune system, such as HIV disease and neoplastic disorders.

Abstract: A process for preparing butenyl ethers of the formula I CH3—CH═CH—CH2—OR  I by reacting butadiene or butadiene-containing hydrocarbon streams with alcohols of the formula II ROH  II at elevated temperature and superatmospheric pressure in the presence of transition metal complexes containing ligands of compounds of elements of group V of the Periodic Table of the Elements to form an isomer mixture of butenyl ethers of the formula I and butenyl ethers of the formula III CH2═CH—CH(OR)—CH3  III and, optionally, isomerizing the butenyl ethers of the formula III to butenyl ethers of the formula I, where R is as defined in the specification and the catalyst used is a complex of a transition metal of group VIII of the Periodic Table of the Elements with ligands of the formula IV where M is an iron, cobalt, nickel, or ruthenium atom, X is a bridge and where n, y and R1-R6 are as defined in the specification.

Abstract: Herein disclosed are therapeutic agents for renal diseases and organ preservatives containing a compound represented by the general formula (1): ##STR1## wherein X represents an oxygen atom or a group represented by the general formula (2): ##STR2## where n represents an integer from 0 to 2, R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom or an acyl group, R.sub.2 represents a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or a lower alkenyl group, R.sub.3 represents a lower alkyl group, R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6, which may be the same or different, each represents a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted alkyl group, and R.sub.6 further represents a formyl, carboxyl, lower alkoxycarbonyl or optionally substituted carbamoyl group, or R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 may be taken together to form a five-membered ring, or R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 may be taken together to form a cycloalkyl group, provided that when the five-membered ring formed by R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 and the benzene ring form benzofuran or benzo[b]thiophene, R.sub.6 is absent.

Abstract: This invention relates to compositions, compounds and methods for lightening skin, using active compounds having the structure: ##STR1## wherein: (i) each X is, independently, selected from the group consisting of halo, alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, OR, OCOR, COR, CONRR COOR, CN, SR, SOR, SO.sub.2 R, SO.sub.3 R and NRR, wherein X is other than hydroxy, amino and thio, if this X is attached ortho to the phenol hydroxy;(ii) m is an integer from 0 to 4;(iii) each R' and each R" is, independently, selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, OR, OCOR, OCRROR, COR, CR(OR)OR, CONRR, COOR, CRROR, CN, SR, and NRR; wherein halo, when it appears, is other than geminal to a hydroxy, NH.sub.

Abstract: Alkene precursors for preparing dialkyl-substituted dioxetanes. The dioxetanes are useful for the detection of triggering agents including enzymes.

Abstract: A novel liquid crystalline compound having a large dielectric anisotropy value, a small change in the threshold voltage depending upon temperatures, and an improved solubility in other liquid crystal materials at low temperatures, and a liquid crystal composition containing the compound are provided,which liquid crystalline compound is expressed by the formula (1) ##STR1## wherein R is H or an alkyl group of 1 to 10C; l is an integer of 1 to 9; m, n and o are each independently 0 or 1; A.sub.1, A.sub.2 and A.sub.3 are each independently trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group, 1,4-phenylene group, one or more H atoms on the ring of which group may be replaced by F, or the like group; Z.sub.1, Z.sub.2 and Z.sub.3 are each independently --COO--, etc., but at least one of them is --COO--; X is CF.sub.3, etc.; and Y.sub.1, and Y.sub.2 are each independently H or F.

Abstract: Aromatic ethers of polyalkylphenoxyalkanols having the formula: ##STR1## or a fuel soluble salt thereof, wherein R is hydroxy, nitro or --(CH.sub.2).sub.x -NR.sub.5 R.sub.6, wherein R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl having 1 to carbon atoms, and x is 0 or 1;R.sub.1 is hydrogen, hydroxy, nitro or --NR.sub.7 R.sub.8, wherein R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms;R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; andR.sub.4 is a polyalkyl group having an average molecular weight in the range of about 450 to 5,000.The compounds of formula I are useful as fuel additives for the prevention and control of engine deposits.

Abstract: The invention relates to substituted hydroquinone derivatives of the general formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sub.4 is lower alkyl and either R.sub.1 is hydroxy, halogen, a group of the formula --P(=O)(R.sub.5)R.sub.6 (Ia), a group of the formula --P.sup.+ (R.sub.7)(R.sub.8)R.sub.9 X.sup.- (Ib) or a group of the formula --Si(R.sub.7)(R.sub.8)R.sub.9 (Ic), M is methylene, R.sub.2 is hydrogen or a group of the formula ##STR2## and R.sub.3 is hydrogen or halogen, or .sub.1 is hydroxy or lower alkoxy, M is carbonyl, R.sub.2 is hydrogen and R.sub.3 is halogen, each of R.sub.5 and R.sub.6, independently of the other, is lower alkyl, lower alkoxy Or N,N-di-lower alkylamino, or is benzyl, benzyloxy, phenyl or phenoxy, each of which is unsubstituted or mono- or di-substituted at the phenyl ring, to a process for the preparation of those compounds and to the use of those compounds, and to a process in which those compounds are used.

Abstract: Phenols, and related aromatic compounds, phenolic ethers, can be hydroxylated selectively using hydrogen peroxide in the presence of an amorphous or crystalline tin or cerium phosphate catalyst in a solvent containing an aliphatic carboxylic acid. The process is particularly suitable for phenol itself, and advantageously employs a catalyst obtained by heating an hydrated amorphous or crystalline tin or cerium phosphate for example at about 100.degree. C. A convenient hydroxylation temperature is in the range of 50.degree. to 90.degree. C., and a convenient solvent is acetic acid.

Abstract: Compounds represented by the general formula as well as intermediates for the synthesis of thereof: ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or an acyl group; R.sup.2 is a lower alkyl group; R.sup.3 is a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group; R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6, which may be the same or different, are a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl or aryl group; R.sup.2 and R.sup.4, when taken together, may form a 5-membered ring; R.sup.5 and R.sup.6, when taken together, may form a cycloalkyl group or a heterocyclic group in which at least one methylene on the ring of a cycloalkyl group is substituted by an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or an alkyl-substituted nitrogen atom, provided that R.sup.6 is not present if the ring formed by R.sup.2 and R.sup.4 taken together is a benzofuran ring.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel polyether compounds obtained by the reaction or polymerization of 3,4-epoxy-1-butene in the presence of an acidic catalyst and a nucleophilic initiator compound. The polyether compounds comprise n units of residue (1) and m units of residue (2), wherein the total value of n+m is 2 to 70, n/(n+m) is a value in the range of 0.70 to 0.

Abstract: A process for the production of polyol ethers comprising the steps ofA) reacting a mixture of at least one polyol and at least one carbonyl compound of the formulaR.sup.1 --CO--R.sup.2 (I)in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently of one another represent hydrogen or aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals containing 1 to 22 carbon atoms and 0, 1, 2, or 3 double bonds, with hydrogen at an elevated temperature in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst which is insoluble in the reaction mixture; andB) removing the polyol ether-containing reaction product from the catalyst.

Abstract: Novel hydroquinone derivatives of the formulae (I) and (II), ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is an alkyl group having 7 to 11 carbon atoms, ##STR2## wherein each of R.sup.2 to R.sup.5 is independently a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or a lower alkoxy group provided that at least one of R.sup.2 to R.sup.5 is a lower alkyl group or a lower alkoxy group, and R.sup.6 is an alkyl group having a carbon chain of at least 2 carbon atoms. as compounds having antioxidant activity and tumor incidence inhibiting activity, and an antioxidant and a tumor incidence inhibitor containing, as an active ingredient, a hydroquinone derivative of the formula (III), ##STR3## wherein each of R.sup.7 to R.sup.10 is independently a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or a lower alkoxy group, and R.sup.11 is an alkyl group having a carbon chain of at least 2 carton atoms, and/or a salt thereof.