Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide for a compound, methods of making a compound, a probe, methods of making a probe, pharmaceutical compositions including a probe or a compound, methods of using a probe, methods of imaging, diagnosing, localizing, monitoring, and/or assessing a disease (e.g., cancer, diseases caused by inflammation (e.g., arthritis, cardiovascular disease, and the like)), and the like, and/or related biological events using a probe, kit for imaging, diagnosing, localizing, monitoring, and/or assessing a disease, and/or related biological events, using a probe, and the like.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to: (a) phosphacycle ligands; (b) methods of using such phosphacycle ligands in bond forming reactions; and (c) methods of preparing phosphacycle ligands.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of producing reduced coenzyme Q10 crystals suitable for commercial scale production thereof. According to a method of the present invention of producing a reduced coenzyme Q10 crystal which comprises a crystallization of reduced coenzyme Q10 in a solution of alcohols and/or ketones, reduced coenzyme Q10 crystal excellent in slurry properties and crystalline properties maybe obtained. Moreover, an isolation process including a crystal separation or the whole process including the isolation process maybe minimized and simplified. Thus, highly pure reduced coenzyme Q10 may be obtained in a high yield.

Abstract: An arylalkenyl ether oligomer is produced by the reaction of a polyhaloalkene with a polyhydroxyaryl compound. Halogenation of the resultant oligomer produces a flame retardant having both aromatic and aliphatic bromine groups.

Abstract: This specification discloses an operational continuous process to convert lignin as found in ligno-cellulosic biomass before or after converting at least some of the carbohydrates. The continuous process has been demonstrated to create a slurry comprised of lignin, raise the slurry comprised of lignin to ultra-high pressure, deoxygenate the lignin in a lignin conversion reactor over a catalyst which is not a fixed bed without producing char. The conversion products of the carbohydrates or lignin can be further processed into polyester intermediates for use in polyester preforms and bottles.

Abstract: This specification discloses an operational continuous process to convert lignin as found in ligno-cellulosic biomass before or after converting at least some of the carbohydrates. The continuous process has been demonstrated to create a slurry comprised of lignin, raise the slurry comprised of lignin to ultra-high pressure, deoxygenate the lignin in a lignin conversion reactor over a catalyst which is not a fixed bed without producing char. The conversion products of the carbohydrates or lignin can be further processed into polyester intermediates for use in polyester preforms and bottles.

Abstract: This specification discloses an operational continuous process to convert lignin as found in ligno-cellulosic biomass before or after converting at least some of the carbohydrates. The continuous process has been demonstrated to create a slurry comprised of lignin, raise the slurry comprised of lignin to ultra-high pressure, deoxygenate the lignin in a lignin conversion reactor over a catalyst which is not a fixed bed without producing char. The conversion products of the carbohydrates or lignin can be further processed into polyester intermediates for use in polyester preforms and bottles.

Abstract: This specification discloses an operational continuous process to convert lignin as found in ligno-cellulosic biomass before or after converting at least some of the carbohydrates. The continuous process has been demonstrated to create a slurry comprised of lignin, raise the slurry comprised of lignin to ultra-high pressure, deoxygenate the lignin in a lignin conversion reactor over a catalyst which is not a fixed bed without producing char. The conversion products of the carbohydrates or lignin can be further processed into polyester intermediates for use in polyester preforms and bottles.

Abstract: A method for utilizing biomass components, namely cellulose, hemicellose, and lignin, and converting them to value-added biobased chemical products is described herein. The present method provides treatments to obtain a plurality of component streams from biomass for producing derivative products while minimizing waste products.

Abstract: A method for utilizing agricultural biomass components, namely cellulose, hemicellose, and lignin, and converting them to value-added biobased chemical products is described herein. The present method provides treatments to obtain a plurality of component streams from agricultural biomass for producing derivative products while minimizing waste products.

Abstract: A method for utilizing woody biomass components, namely cellulose, hemicellose, and lignin, and converting them to value-added biobased chemical products is described herein. The present method provides treatments to obtain a plurality of component streams from woody biomass for producing derivative products while minimizing waste products.

Abstract: Disclosed is tonovel cyclic derivatives having potent inhibiting effect on melanin formation and skin hyper-pigmentation activity with no adverse response to skin. They can be used as the therapeutics for treating and preventing the skin disease caused by over-reproduced melanin.

Abstract: Analogs of combretastatin have been discovered which demonstrate impressive cytotoxicity as well as a remarkable ability to inhibit tubulin polymerization. Such compounds are excellent clinical candidates for the treatment of cancer in humans. In addition, certain of these ligands, as pro-drugs, may well prove to be tumor selective vascular targeting chemotherapeutic agents or to have vascular targeting activity resulting in the selective prevention and/or destruction of nonmalignant proliferating vasculature.

Abstract: The invention provides for a process for the depolymerization of lignin in an inert atmosphere to result in substituted phenolic monomer compounds. The process is catalysed by heterogeneous solid acid catalysts and is carried out in batch or continuous mode.

Abstract: Renewable resources comprising bagasse, corn stover, wood sawdust and switch grass are subject to direct catalytic conversion or bio-fermentation processes producing ethanol and organic by products leaving complex lignin compounds as waste for disposal. Chemical conversion of lignin compounds to aromatic lignin acids followed by reductive hydrogenation to cresol and substituted creosol compounds prepares these natural resources for chemical conversion to a form of gasoline and valued industrial compounds. The process disclosed herein is also applicable to organic carboxylic acid compounds such as natural oils producing valued liquid hydrocarbon fuels.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition (“composite”) comprising lignin and at least one catalyst dispersed in the composition. The invention further provides a process for producing such a catalyst- and lignin-comprising composition and its use for preparing an aromatics composition.

Abstract: Methods and compounds for treating neurological and other disorders are provided. Included is the administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a compound having binding and/or modulation specificity for a TrkB receptor molecule.

Abstract: Processes for the alkoxylation of alcohols using alkylene epoxides in the presence of boron based catalysts are provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of producing reduced coenzyme Q10 crystals suitable for commercial scale production thereof. According to a method of the present invention of producing a reduced coenzyme Q10 crystal which comprises a crystallization of reduced coenzyme Q10 in a solution of alcohols and/or ketones, reduced coenzyme Q10 crystal excellent in slurry properties and crystalline properties maybe obtained. Moreover, an isolation process including a crystal separation or the whole process including the isolation process maybe minimized and simplified. Thus, highly pure reduced coenzyme Q10 may be obtained in a high yield.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of producing reduced coenzyme Q10 crystals suitable for commercial scale production thereof. According to a method of the present invention of producing a reduced coenzyme Q10 crystal which comprises a crystallization of reduced coenzyme Q10 in a solution of alcohols and/or ketones, reduced coenzyme Q10 crystal excellent in slurry properties and crystalline properties maybe obtained. Moreover, an isolation process including a crystal separation or the whole process including the isolation process maybe minimized and simplified. Thus, highly pure reduced coenzyme Q10 may be obtained in a high yield.

Abstract: A method for the fluoridation of an iodonium salt with a fluoride ion source which can be carried out in an aqueous reaction solvent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing a 2-fluoro-6-halophenol as an intermediate; a process for producing a 2-alkoxy-3-fluorophenol and further a 1,2-dialkoxy-3-fluorobenzene from the 2-fluoro-6-halophenol; a second process for producing a 1,2-dialkoxy-3-fluorobenzene from the 2-fluoro-6-halophenol; and a 2-alkoxy-3-fluorophenol. The 2-fluoro-6-halophenol can be obtained using a 2-fluorophenol as a starting material and through a sulfonation reaction, a halogenation reaction, and a deprotection reaction. The 2-fluoro-6-halophenol is alkyl-etherified, and subsequently the halogen atom is converted into a hydroxyl group to obtain the 2-alkoxy-3-fluorophenol, which is further alkyl-etherified to thereby obtain the 1,2-dialkoxy-3-fluorobenzene. Alternatively, a 1,2-dialkoxy-3-fluorobenzene is also obtained by converting the halogen atom of the 2-fluoro-6-halophenol into a hydroxyl group to thereby form 3-fluorocatechol and subsequently alkyl-etherifying two hydroxyl groups thereof.

Abstract: The invention entitled “A Microwave Induced One Pot Process for The Preparation of Arylethenes” provides a method for the preparation of commercially important 2- or 4-hydroxy substituted arylethenes like styrenes or stilbenes in one pot utilizing cheaper substrates in the form of 2- or 4-hydroxy substituted cinnamic acids and their derivatives as well as reagents in the form of base such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, ammonium acetate, imidazole, methylimidazole and the combination thereof, with or without solvent such as dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, acetonitrile, acetone, methyl imidazoles, ionic liquid, water and the like. The reaction time vary from 1 min-12 hrs and yield of the products from 49-76% depending upon the base, acid, substrate source of heating monomode or multimode microwave or conventional.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide a method of using Schwartz Reagent, Cp2Zr(H)Cl, without accumulating or isolating it. Methods provide mixtures of Cp2ZrCl2, reductants that selectively reduce Cp2ZrCl2, and substrates. After reaction of Cp2ZrCl2 and the reductant, an intermediate reduction product is formed, apparently Schwartz Reagent. The in situ Schwartz Reagent then selectively reduces certain functional groups on the substrate. Substrates include tertiary amides, tertiary benzamides, aryl O-carbamates, and heteroaryl N-carbamates, which are reduced to aldehydes, benzaldehydes, aromatic alcohols, and heteroaromatics, respectively. Compared to prior methods, reagents are inexpensive and stable, reaction times are short, and reaction temperature in certain cases is conveniently room temperature. It has been estimated that using the in situ method described herein instead of synthesized or commercially obtained Schwartz Reagent provides a 50% reduction in cost.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a highly safe oral composition superior in a cardiac dysfunction-ameliorating or cardiac function-maintaining action. The present inventors have conducted intensive studies in an attempt to solve the aforementioned problems and found that use of, particularly, reduced coenzyme Q10 from among highly safe coenzyme Q affords a composition useful for amelioration of cardiac dysfunction and maintenance of cardiac function. Accordingly, the present invention provides a cardiac dysfunction-ameliorating agent or cardiac function-maintaining agent containing reduced coenzyme Q as an active ingredient, and a pharmaceutical product, a food, an animal drug, a feed and the like, which contain the agent.

Abstract: An anti-inflammatory agent or cancer-preventive agent comprising 4-vinyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol of the formula (1): or a PD thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for life extension, comprising reduced coenzyme Q10 as an active ingredient, as well as relates to a method of extending a life span using the composition comprising reduced coenzyme Q10 as an active ingredient. In the present invention, it has been found that long-term ingestion of feed that contains reduced coenzyme Q10 enables the life span of senescence-accelerated model mice to be extended. No sign indicating toxicity is observed in the senescence-accelerated model mice that have been fed with reduced coenzyme Q10 over a long period. Based on these findings, it was found that the composition containing reduce coenzyme Q10 as an active ingredient has potential to be a composition for life extension with high safety, capable of being taken for a long period.

Abstract: Analogs of combretastatin have been discovered which demonstrate impressive cytotoxicity as well as a remarkable ability to inhibit tubulin polymerization. Such compounds are excellent clinical candidates for the treatment of cancer in humans. In addition, certain of these ligands, as pro-drugs, may well prove to be tumor selective vascular targeting chemotherapeutic agents or to have vascular targeting activity resulting in the selective prevention and/or destruction of nonmalignant proliferating vasculature.

Abstract: The present invention provides a reduced coenzyme Q10 crystal with excellent stability and a composition containing said reduced coenzyme Q10 crystals. According to the present invention, after dissolving reduced coenzyme Q10 in a fat and oil, it is cooled, making it possible to obtain reduced coenzyme Q10 crystals with excellent stability and which exhibit an x-ray diffraction pattern (using a CuK? emission line) that differs from ordinary reduced coenzyme Q10 crystals. Moreover, said crystals are also excellent in bioabsorbability.

Abstract: A process for preparing toluene derivatives of the formula I, where R1, R2 and R3 independently of one another are hydrogen, halogen, C1–C6-alkyl, hydroxyl or C1–C6-alkoxy, by hydrogenating benzaldehydes and/or benzyl alcohols of the formula II, with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst, which is described in more detail in the description.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for obtaining reduced coenzyme Q10 which is useful as an ingredient in foods, functional nutritive foods, specific health foods, nutritional supplements, nutrients, drinks, feeds, cosmetics, medicines, remedies, preventive drugs, etc. suited for a commercial scale production in high quality and efficiently. The high-quality oily reduced coenzyme Q10 which has low viscosity and thereby easily handled may be produced by separating an aqueous phase from the reaction mixture obtainable by oily reacting oxidized coenzyme Q10 with a reducing agent in water, or by distilling off an coexisting organic solvent at or above the melting temperature of reduced coenzyme Q10 in concentrating the organic phase containing reduced coenzyme Q10. Moreover, a solution or slurry of reduced coenzyme Q10 may be obtained by adding a desired solvent to the obtained oily product, or a solid of reduced coenzyme Q10 may be produced by contacting the oily product with a seed crystal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to “a microwave induced process for the preparation of 4-vinylphenols or its derivatives” in which commercially important FEMA GRAS approved perfumery and flavouring vinylphenols (i.e. hydroxystyrenes) namely 4-vinylguaiacol (FEMA GRAS No. 2675) and 4-vinylphenol (FEMA GRAS No. 3739) as well as other useful vinylphenols such as 2,6-dimethoxy-4-vinylphenol, 2-hydroxy-4-vinylphenol, 3-hydroxy-4-vinylphenol etc. by condensation of malonic acid and 4-hydroxyphenylaldehydes or its derivatives.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I), wherein R1 and R2 are, independently of one another, H,C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6halogenalkyl, C1-C6alkoxyl, C1-C6alkoxy-C1-C6alkyl, or C1-C6alkoxy-C1-C6alkyloxy, and R3 is C1-C6alkyl, are obtainable in high yiedls by stereoselective addition of R3-substituted propionic acid esters to R1- and R2-substituted benzaldehydes of formula R—CHO to form corresponding 3-R-3-hydroxy-2-R3-propionic acid esters, conversion of the OH group to a leaving group, subsequent regioselective elimination to form 3-R-2-R3-propenic acid esters, and reduction to corresponding 3-R-2-R3-allyl alcohols and their enantioselective hydrogenation, wherein R is (a).

Abstract: The present invention provides a convergent method for the synthesis of ubiquinones and ubiquinone analogues. Also provided are precursors of ubiquinones and their analogues that are useful in the methods of the invention.

Abstract: A process to synthesize substituted phenols such as those of the general formula RR′R″Ar(OH) wherein R, R′, and R″ are each independently hydrogen or any group which does not interfere in the process for synthesizing the substituted phenol including, but not limited to, halo, alkyl, alkoxy, carboxylic ester, amine, amide; and Ar is any variety of aryl or hetroaryl by means of oxidation of substituted arylboronic esters is described. In particular, a metal-catalyzed C—H activation/borylation reaction is described, which when followed by direct oxidation in a single or separate reaction vessel affords phenols without the need for any intermediate manipulations. More particularly, a process wherein Ir-catalyzed borylation of arenes using pinacolborane (HBPin) followed by oxidation of the intermediate arylboronic ester by OXONE is described.

Abstract: Phenolic polyether polyols are prepared by a two stage oxyalkylation process, a first stage performed at a high oxyalkylation temperature and a second stage at a lower oxyalkylation temperature. Despite the use of high temperature during oxyalkylation, polydispersity is substantially unaffected, while process time is drastically reduced.

Abstract: A mixed liquid of two or more components different in boiling temperature from each other and soluble in or compatible with each other is evaporated into a mixed vapor having a similar composition to that of the mixed liquid by using an apparatus having a thin film evaporator (1) having a feed inlet (1a) and a delivery outlet (1b), while forcedly circulating the non-evaporated portion of the mixed multi-component liquid by withdrawing the non-evaporated mixed liquid portion from the delivery side end portion of the evaporator and returning the mixed liquid portion into the feed side end portion of the evaporator through a circulating line (3), and the resultant mixed multi-component vapor can be used as a mixed material vapor for a gas phase catalytic reaction for producing, for example, a mono and/or a di-alkylether of an aromatic dihydroxy compound.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method, compounds, and compositions for treating a disease associated with immune dysfunction. In accordance with the method, a pharmacologically-acceptable composition including at least one compound selected from the group of compounds consisting of 5-alkyl-resorcinol derivatives, cannabinol derivatives, cannabidiol derivatives, cannabigerol derivatives, and combinations thereof is administered to a patient under conditions sufficient to attenuate the dysfunction within the immune system. The invention also provides an antiviral cannabinol derivative that can be used in the inventive method. The invention also provides an alkylated resorcinol derivative and a method of using the alkylated resorcinol derivative to attenuate the growth of a neoplasm. The method and compound are useful for treating diseases of the immune system, such as HIV disease and neoplastic disorders.

Abstract: A process for preparing butenyl ethers of the formula I CH3—CH═CH—CH2—OR  I by reacting butadiene or butadiene-containing hydrocarbon streams with alcohols of the formula II ROH  II at elevated temperature and superatmospheric pressure in the presence of transition metal complexes containing ligands of compounds of elements of group V of the Periodic Table of the Elements to form an isomer mixture of butenyl ethers of the formula I and butenyl ethers of the formula III CH2═CH—CH(OR)—CH3  III and, optionally, isomerizing the butenyl ethers of the formula III to butenyl ethers of the formula I, where R is as defined in the specification and the catalyst used is a complex of a transition metal of group VIII of the Periodic Table of the Elements with ligands of the formula IV where M is an iron, cobalt, nickel, or ruthenium atom, X is a bridge and where n, y and R1-R6 are as defined in the specification.

Abstract: A process for condensing at least one carbonyl compound carrying at least one electron-withdrawing group with an aromatic derivative carrying at least one hydroxyl functional group, wherein the electron-withdrawing group present on the carbonyl compound is selected from fluoroalkyl derivatives, esters, including orthoesters, and nitrites and said condensation is carried out in a basic medium.

Abstract: The 3- and 4-methylcatechols are converted to the corresponding benzaldehyde by first alkylating the hydroxyl groups to form an alkylated methylcatechol. The methyl group is then converted to a methyl dibromide group using 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin in the presence of a non-polar, non-reactive solvent such as carbon tetrachloride and heptane and a radical initiator having a ten hour half-life temperature in the range of 47.degree. to 55.degree. C. The dibromide is then hydrolyzed to form the aldehyde.

Abstract: A dehydration catalyst useful for producing a monoalkylether of dihydric phenolic compound by a dehydration reaction of a dihydric phenolic compound with a lower alkyl alcohol with a high conversion at a high selectivity, comprises at least one inorganic substance of the empirical formula (I):Al.sub.a P.sub.b Ti.sub.c Si.sub.d X.sub.e O.sub.f (I)wherein X represents a member selected from the group consisting of (1) an antimony and/or a bismuth atom, and (2) a sulfur atom, a, b, c, d, e and f respectively represent the numbers of Al, P, Ti, Si, X and 0 atoms, the atomic ratio a:b is 1:1.0 to 1.9, the atomic ratio a:c is 1:0.05 to 0.5, the atomic ratio a:d is 1:0.05 to 0.2, the atomic ratio a:e is 1:0.01 to 0.3 when X represents antimony and/or bismuth atom and 1:0.004 to 0.015 when X represents a sulfur atom, and the atomic ratio a:f is 1:4.1 to 8.4.

Abstract: The present invention is drawn to a process for preparing a 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-1,4-benzodioxane, by cyclocondensing a o-(2-bromo-tetrafluoroethoxy)-phenol in the presence of an acid binder.

Abstract: Alkoxybenzaldehydes and aryloxybenzaldehydes are converted to the corresponding phenols by reacting the benzaldehydes in an organic solvent phase with formic acid and hydrogen peroxide in an aqueous solvent phase to produce the corresponding formate ester. The formate ester is then saponified to produce the corresponding phenol.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel polyether compounds obtained by the reaction or polymerization of 3,4-epoxy-1-butene in the presence of an acidic catalyst and a nucleophilic initiator compound. The polyether compounds comprise n units of residue (1) and m units of residue (2), wherein the total value of n+m is 2 to 70, n/(n+m) is a value in the range of 0.70 to 0.

Abstract: An (S)-1-phenyl-2-substituted propane derivative shown by the following formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 represent a lower alkyl group, etc., or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may form together an alkylene group, etc.; R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 represent a hydrogen atom, etc.; and X represents a hydroxyl group which may be protected with a protective group, or a halogen atom etc., can readily be produced (i) by permitting a microorganism belonging to the genus Torulaspora, the genus Candida, the genus Pichia or the like to act on a phenylacetone derivative and asymmetrically reducing the compound, or (ii) by sterically inverting an (R)-enantiomer. (R,R)-1-phenyl-2-[(2-phenyl-1-methylethyl)amino]ethanol derivative having a high optical purity can easily be obtained from the compound of the formula (I). The ethanol derivative is useful as an anti-obesity agent and the like.

Abstract: The synthesis and compound of a new caged calcium which is an ortho-nitrophenyl derivative of EGTA and various intermediates. It is synthesized in ten steps and 24% overall yield. The photosensitive chelator, nitrophenyl-EGTA, has a K.sub.d for Ca.sup.2+ of 80 nM and for Mg.sup.2+ of 8.8 mM. Upon exposure to ultra-violet light (in the region of 350 nm), the chelator is cleaved, yielding iminodiacetic acid photoproducts with known low Ca-affinity (K.sub.d =1 mM). The quantum yield of photolysis of nitrophenyl-EGTA in the presence of Ca.sup.a+ is 0.23 and in the absence of Ca.sup.2+ is 0.20. In experiments with chemically skinned skeletal muscle fibers, a fully relaxed fiber equilibrated with nitrophenyl-EGTA:Ca.sup.2+ complex, in the presence of physiological [Mg.sup.2+ ] (i.e. 1.0 mM), produced maximal contraction after a single flash from a frequency doubled ruby laser (347 nm). Half-maximal tension was achieved in 18 ms at 15.degree. C.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel polyether compounds obtained by the reaction or polymerization of 3,4-epoxy-1-butene in the presence of an acidic catalyst and a nucleophilic initiator compound. The polyether compounds comprise n units of residue (1) and m units of residue (2), wherein the total value of n+m is 2 to 70, n/(n+m) is a value in the range of 0.70 to 0.

Abstract: Novel hydroquinone derivatives of the formulae (I) and (II), ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is an alkyl group having 7 to 11 carbon atoms, ##STR2## wherein each of R.sup.2 to R.sup.5 is independently a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or a lower alkoxy group provided that at least one of R.sup.2 to R.sup.5 is a lower alkyl group or a lower alkoxy group, and R.sup.6 is an alkyl group having a carbon chain of at least 2 carbon atoms. as compounds having antioxidant activity and tumor incidence inhibiting activity, and an antioxidant and a tumor incidence inhibitor containing, as an active ingredient, a hydroquinone derivative of the formula (III), ##STR3## wherein each of R.sup.7 to R.sup.10 is independently a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or a lower alkoxy group, and R.sup.11 is an alkyl group having a carbon chain of at least 2 carbon atoms, and/or a salt thereof.

Abstract: Novel hydroquinone derivatives of the formulae (I) and (II), ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is an alkyl group having 7 to 11 carbon atoms, ##STR2## wherein each of R.sup.2 to R.sup.5 is independently a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or a lower alkoxy group provided that at least one of R.sup.2 to R.sup.5 is a lower alkyl group or a lower alkoxy group, and R.sup.6 is an alkyl group having a carbon chain of at least 2 carbon atoms. as compounds having antioxidant activity and tumor incidence inhibiting activity, and an antioxidant and a tumor incidence inhibitor containing, as an active ingredient, a hydroquinone derivative of the formula (III), ##STR3## wherein each of R.sup.7 to R.sup.10 is independently a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or a lower alkoxy group, and R.sup.11 is an alkyl group having a carbon chain of at least 2 carton atoms, and/or a salt thereof.