Abstract: Alkylene oxide adducts of organic compounds having active hydrogen atoms are prepared by a process which comprises contacting and reacting an alkylene oxide reactant comprising one or more vicinal alkylene oxides with an active hydrogen containing reactant comprising one or more compounds having active hydrogen atoms in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of one or more of the phosphate salts of the rare earth elements. The product alkoxylates are known to be useful, for instance, as nonionic surfactants, wetting and emulsifying agents, solvents, and chemical intermediates.

Abstract: Alkylene oxide adducts of organic compounds having active hydrogen atoms are prepared by a process which comprises contacting and reacting an alkylene oxide reactant comprising one or more vicinal alkylene oxides with an active hydrogen containing reactant comprising one or more compounds having active hydrogen atoms in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of one or more compounds of one or more of the rare earth elements. The product alkoxylates are known to be useful, for instance, as nonionic surfactants, wetting and emulsifying agents, solvents, and chemical intermediates.

Abstract: Radiation curable compositions containing outstanding reactive diluents have been developed. The diluents are lower alkyl ether acrylates and methacrylates of particular alkoxylated and non-alkoxylated polyols.Examples are mono-methoxy trimethylolpropane diacrylate, mono-methoxy neopentyl glycol monoacrylate and mono-methoxy, ethoxylated neopentyl glycol monoacrylate having an average of about two moles of ethylene oxide.

Abstract: Alkylene oxide adducts of organic compounds having active hydrogen atoms are prepared by a process which comprises contacting and reacting an alkylene oxide reactant comprising one or more vicinal alkylene oxides with an active hydrogen containing reactant comprising one or more compounds having active hydrogen atoms in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of one or more of the borate salts of the rare earth elements. The product alkoxylates are known to be useful, for instance, as nonionic surfactants, wetting and emulsifying agents, solvents, and chemical intermediates.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for preparing hydroxyethers of epoxidized polybutenes wherein the epoxide groups of said epoxidized polybutenes are about 70% trisubstituted and about 20% tetrasubstituted. Hydroxyl compounds are reacted with epoxidized polybutenes to obtain compounds of increased flexibility, water resistance, lubricity, and adhesion as compared with said hydroxyl compounds.

Abstract: Aromatic compounds, such as benzene or biphenyl, are alkylated with an alkylating agent having from one to eight carbons atoms, such as propylene, in the presence of an acidic mordenite zeolite catalyst under conditions sufficient to produce a mixture of substituted aromatic compounds enriched in the linear alkylated isomers, such as p-diisopropylbenzene or p,p'-di(isopropyl)biphenyl, respectively. The novel acidic mordenite catalyst is characterized by its silica/alumina molar ratio, its porosity, and a Symmetry Index. The p,p'-disubstituted isomers of aromatic compounds are useful as monomers in the preparation of thermotropic, liquid crystal polymers.

Abstract: Ether/ether-alcohol rich compositions are produced by hydrogenating hydroformylation reaction products, separating an ether/ether-alcohol containing mixture from the hydrogenation product, and catalytically hydrogenating such mixture at 200.degree.-250.degree. C. and 30-100 atmospheres. The crude product is then reflux distilled to separate the ether/ether-alcohol rich compositions from lighter and heavier ends.

Abstract: Polyethers I ##STR1## R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -alkyl, n and m are each from 1 to 30 and r is from 0 to 20, are used mainly as surfactants in detergent and cleaning agent formulations.

Abstract: Alkylene oxide adducts of organic compounds having active hydrogen atoms are prepared by a process which comprises contacting and reacting an alkylene oxide reactant comprising one or more vicinal alkylene oxides with an active hydrogen containing reactant comprising one or more compounds having active hydrogen atoms in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of one or more lanthanum compounds comprising silicate, metasilicate and mixtures thereof. The product alkoxylates are known to be useful, for instance, as nonionic surfactants, wetting and emulsifying agents, solvents, and chemical intermediates.

Abstract: The yield of metal alkoxides formed by refluxing an alcohol-containing liquid, also containing catalyst, from a reactor vessel into a reflux column containing reactive metal is provided. The yield of the desired alkoxide is increased by withdrawing a portion of the alcohol reactant and catalyst from the reactor and introducing them into the column above the position occupied by at least a portion of the metal. The thus introduced catalyst-containing alcohol reactant makes contact with the metal and thereby increases the yield of metal alkoxide as it is allowed to flow back into the reactor vessel.

Abstract: Ruthenium-cobalt- or cobalt-containing catalysts which have been promoted with phosphonites or phosphinites effectively catalyze the dealkoxyhydroxymethylation of aldehyde acetals to form glycol monoethers. Methylal, for example, may be reacted with syngas, i.e., CO and H.sub.2, in the presence of these phosphonite- or phosphinite-promoted cobalt or ruthenium- cobalt catalysts to form the monomethyl ether of ethylene glycol. In a like manner acetaldehyde may be converted to the corresponding propylene glycol monoether. The process may advantageously be carried out with high yields and selectivities in the presence of a polar or non-polar organic solvent in combination with the catalyst system of this invention.The invention is also directed to the phosphonite- or phosphonite-promoted cobalt and ruthenium-cobalt catalyst system per se.

Abstract: Alkaline earth metal salts of ether carboxylic acids corresponding to the following general formula[RO--(C.sub.m H.sub.2m O).sub.n --CH.sub.2 --COO.sup.- ].sub.x M.sup.2+(I)in which R represents C.sub.1 -C.sub.22 alkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.22 alkenyl, phenyl, alkylphenyl containing 1 to 3 C.sub.1 -C.sub.15 alkyl radicals, benzyl or phenylethyl, M represents Ca, Sr or Ba, m is equal to 2 or 3, n is equal to 1 to 20 and x is equal to 2; or R is a group of the formula --CH.sub.2 --COO.sup.-, x is equal to 1 and M, m and n are as defined above, are used as catalysts for the ethoxylation or propoxylation of organic compounds containing active H atoms. They afford advantages by virtue of the solubility of the catalysts in the reaction medium and provide for a narrow homolog distribution of the polyalkoxylation products.

Abstract: A percutaneous absorption accelerator and a precutaneous absorbent preparation containing the same and, more particularly, a percutaneous absorption accelerator containing ether derivatives of specific glycerols or polyglycerols and alcohols as effective components and a percutaneous absorbent preparation containing the percutaneous absorption accelerators and pharmaceutically effective components.

Abstract: A compound of the general formula [I]: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents a higher alkyl group or an N-(higher alkyl)carbamoyl group, R.sub.2 represents a lower alkyl group, an acyl group having at least three carbon atoms, an N-(lower alkyl)carbamoyl group, an N-(lower alkyl)thiocarbamoyl group or a benzyl group, R represents a primary, secondary or tertiary amino group or a quaternary ammonium group, x is 1 or 2, y is a number of 0, 1 or 2, and z is an integer of 2-10, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The novel substances have both anti-tumor activity and platelet activating factor-inhibiting property, and they are effective as an anti-tumor agent without circulatory trouble.

Abstract: Process for the hydrogenation of carbonyl-containing compounds at mild conditions of temperature and pressure to produce alcohols or amines is disclosed, employing palladium on zinc oxide catalysts. A method for the preparation of the palladium on zinc oxide catalysts useful for the desired reductive conversion is also disclosed.

Abstract: Organic solvent soluble alkoxides of magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, scandium, yttrium and lanthanum are prepared by the reaction of these elements with alkoxy alcohols.

Abstract: An improved process for the production of methyl ethers of the type in which methanol is reacted with a branched monoolefin in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of one or more acid catalyst, said improvements comprising carrying out said reaction in one or two steps in the presence of one or more liquid organic compounds having one or more hydroxy substituents which functions as a carrier for the branched monoolefins. The hydroxy compound also inhibits the polymerization of the branched monoolefins.

Abstract: A perfluorosulphonic acid polymer suitable for use as a catalyst contains units of the formula:[(SO.sub.3).sub.w M(SO.sub.3 R).sub.z-w ] (I)whereinM is a multivalent metal cation,R is a C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 fluorinated alkyl group,z is the valency of M, andw is an integer having a value between 1 and z-1.Also use of a polymer of formula (I) wherein M is aluminum as a catalyst in the production of glycol ethers by the reaction of an alkylene oxide and an alcohol.

Abstract: Stable liquid hydrocarbon-soluble novel magnesium dialkoxide compositions useful as or in the preparation of polymerization catalysts and initiators for the polymerization of alpha-olefins and diolefins are prepared, for instance, by reacting certain organomagnesium compounds in liquid hydrocarbon solvents with (a) aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or acyclic beta- and gamma-alkyl-substituted C.sub.5 -C.sub.18 monohydric secondary and tertiary alcohols; or (b) mixtures of (a) with beta- and/or gamma-alkyl-unsubstituted C.sub.3 -C.sub.18 aliphatic secondary or tertiary alcohols; or (c) mixtures of (a) with C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 aliphatic primary linear alcohols. Such dialkoxides, and complexes thereof, soluble in hydrocarbon or chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents, can be reacted with triorganoaluminum compounds such as, for instance, TIBAL, organolithium, or organopotassium compounds, e.g., alkyllithiums, or alkali metal alkoxides.

Abstract: An improved process for the production of methyl ethers of the type in which methanol is reacted with a branched monoolefin in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of one or more acid catalyst, said improvements comprising carrying out said reaction in one or two steps in the presence of one or more liquid organic compounds having one or more hydroxy substituents which functions as a carrier for the branched monoolefins. The hydroxy compound also inhibits the polymerization of the branched monoolefins.

Abstract: Glycol ether esters can be prepared by reaction of an epoxide with an ester of a carboxylic acid using an amidine catalyst. The reaction can be used, for example, to prepare methoxypropyl acetate propylene oxide and methyl acetate. By carrying the reaction out in the presence of an alcohol solvent the corresponding glycol ether is also formed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the application of a non aqueous fluid as heat transfer agent in cooling circuits or heat exchanger heating circuits, this application being characterized in that the non aqueous fluid comprising one or more alkleneglycol monoethers of the general formulaeR.sup.1 O(CH.sub.2 CHR.sup.2 O).sub.m Hin which m is an integer equal to 1 or 2, R.sup.1 is an alkyl radical comprising a number of carbon atoms from 4 to 8 where m=1 , or from 1 to 5 where m=2, and R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl radical. The present invention also relates to new compositions based essentially on alkyleneglycol monoether or monoethers, mixed with diols and/or other alkyleneglycol monoethers.

Abstract: Ruthenium-cobalt carbonyl catalysts which have been promoted with an organophosphite effectively catalyze the dealkoxyhydroxymethylation of aldehyde acetals to form glycol monoethers. Methylal, for example, may be reacted with syngas, i.e., CO and H.sub.2, in the presence of this phosphite-promoted ruthenium carbonyl cobalt catalyst to form the monomethyl ether of ethylene glycol. In a like manner acetaldehyde may be converted to the corresponding propylene glycol monoether. The process may advantageously be carried out with high yields and selectivities in the presence of a polar or non-polar organic solvent in combination with the catalyst system of this invention.The invention is also directed to certain of the organophosphite-promoted cobalt and ruthenium-cobalt carbonyl catalyst systems per se.

Abstract: Alkylene oxide adducts of organic compounds having an active hydrogen are prepared by a process in which an active hydrogen reactant and an alkylene oxide reactant are reacted in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of one or more bimetallic oxo compounds of the formula (RO).sub.n M--O--M'--O--M(OR).sub.n, wherein each R is (independently) an optionally-substituted organic moiety, M' is a divalent metal selected from the elements of Groups Va, VIa, and VIIa of the Periodic Table, each M is (independently) a trivalent or tetravalent metal, and each n is 2 if the adjacent M is trivalent of 3 if the adjacent M is tetravalent. The products are useful, for instance, as nonionic surfactants in detergent formulations. In certain preferred embodiments, the process yields a product having a very desirable distribution of alkylene oxide adducts.

Abstract: A perfluorosulphonic acid polymer suitable for use as a catalyst contains units of the formula:--(SO.sub.3).sub.w M(SO.sub.3 R).sub.z-w ] (I)whereinM is a multivalent metal cation,R is a C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 fluorinated alkyl group,z is the valency of M, andw is an integer having a value between 1 and z-1.Also use of a polymer of formula (I) wherein M is aluminium as a catalyst in the production of glycol ethers by the reaction of an alkylene oxide and an alcohol.

Abstract: Preparation and recovery of 1-t-butoxy-2-propanol in a high state of purity from a crude etherification reaction product obtained by reaction of isobutylene with propylene glycol in the presence of a solid resin etherification catalyst is disclosed. The crude reaction product is distilled to obtain a 1-t-butoxy-2-propanol-containing distillate, thereby leaving propylene glycol as bottoms; the condensed distillate is then further distilled to separate 1-t-butoxy-2-propanol as an overhead product from higher boiling materials.

Abstract: Alkylene oxide adducts of organic compounds having an active hydrogen are prepared by a process in which an active hydrogen reactant and an alkylene oxide reactant are reacted in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of one or more bimetallic oxo compounds of the formula (RO).sub.n M--O--M'--O--M(OR).sub.n, wherein each R is (independently) an optionally-substituted organic moiety, M' is a divalent metal selected from the elements of Groups VIII, Ib, IIb, IIIb, and IVb of the Periodic Table, each M is (independently) a trivalent or tetravalent metal, and each n is 2 if the adjacent M is trivalent of 3 if the adjacent M is tetravalent. The products are useful, for instance, as nonionic surfactants in detergent formulations. In certain preferred embodiments, the process yields a product having a very desirable distribution of alkylene oxide adducts.

Abstract: The cobalt carbonyl catalyst R.sup.5 CCo.sub.3 (CO).sub.9, desirably with Ru.sub.3 (CO).sub.12, wherein R.sup.5 is hydrogen; alkyl, preferably C.sub.1-5 lower alkyl; cycloalkyl or substituted cycloalkyl; cycloalkenyl, such as cyclohexenyl or cyclooctenyl; C.sub.1-12 alkoxy, such as methoxy or propoxy; aryl or alkyl-, cycloalkyl-, alkoxy-, halo-, or cyano-substituted aryl; cyano; or a silyl carbyne moiety of the formula R.sub.3.sup.6 Si, wherein R.sup.6 is alkyl or aryl, effectively catalyzes the dealkoxyhydroxymethylation of aldehyde acetals to form glycol monoethers. Methylal, for example, may be reacted with syngas; i.e., CO and H.sub.2, in the presence of this catalyst system to form the corresponding ethylene glycol monomethyl ether.The novel catalyst combination of R.sup.5 CCo.sub.3 (CO).sub.9 and Ru.sub.3 (CO).sub.12 is likewise claimed herein.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for selectively cleaving a polyalkylene glycol, e.g., diethylene glycol, containing at least one ether group therein at a carbon-to-oxygen covalent bond and independently at a carbon-to-carbon covalent bond by heating the polyalkylene glycol with molecular hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst containing ruthenium to produce at least one of monoethylene glycol monomethyl ether, monoethylene glycol and ethanol. The production rate of each of said monoethylene glycol monomethyl ether, monoethylene glycol and ethanol is at least about 10 moles/kilogram ruthenium/hour.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for selectively cleaving a polyalkylene glycol, e.g., diethylene glycol, containing at least one ether group therein at a carbon-to-oxygen covalent bond and independently at a carbon-to-carbon covalent bond by heating the polyalkylene glycol with molecular hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst containing iridium to produce at least one of monoethylene glycol monoethyl ether, monoethylene glycol monomethyl ether, monoethylene glycol and ethanol. Monoethylene glycol monoethyl ether can be produced in significant amounts by employing the process of this invention.

Abstract: 2-Alkoxy C.sub.12-26 straight chain ethylenic or acetylenic hydrocarbyl hydroxy phosphonyl cholenic, useful as platelet aggregation modifiers and antitumor agents.

Abstract: Fatty ethers are provided which are lower alkyl ethers cyano-substituted lower alkyl ethers, ester ethers or amide ethers of fatty alcohols substituted with at least one of the following substituents: formyl, methylol, or acryloxymethyl. The substituted fatty ethers are useful as monomers in a wide variety of polymer systems.

Abstract: Polyvinyl alcohol based sizing solution containing a small amount of low ethylene oxide adduct of branched alcohol provides superior operability during sizing and weaving, and yields fabric that exhibits improved finishing performance.

Abstract: Stable liquid hydrocarbon-soluble novel magnesium dialkoxide compositions, and complexes thereof with, for example, n-alkyllithiums, organomagnesiums, and the like, useful as or in the preparation of polymerization catalysts and initiators for the polymerization of alpha-olefins and diolefins, which are prepared, for instance, by reacting certain organomagnesium compounds in liquid hydrocarbon solvents with (a) aliphatic 2-alkyl-substituted C.sub.4 -C.sub.12 monohydric primary alcohols, or (b) mixtures of (a) with 2-alkyl-substituted C.sub.3 -C.sub.12 aliphatic secondary or tertiary alcohols, or (c) mixtures of (a) with C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 aliphatic primary linear alcohols. Such dialkoxides and complexes thereof are commonly advantageously prepared in the presence of minor amounts of organoaluminum, organolithium or organopotassium compounds, e.g., trialkylaluminums, alkyllithiums or potassium dialkoxides. An illustrative example of the novel magnesium dialkoxides is 2-methyl-1-pentyloxide.

Abstract: The ruthenium-cobalt carbonyl metal cluster catalyst Co.sub.2 Ru(CO).sub.11 effectively catalyzes the dealkoxyhydroxymethylation of aldehyde acetals to form glycol monoethers. Methylal, for example, may be reacted with syngas, i.e., CO and H.sub.2, in the presence of this ruthenium-cobalt cluster catalyst to form the monomethyl ether of ethylene glycol.

Abstract: Ruthenium carbonyl-cobalt carbonyl catalyst mixtures effectively catalyze the dealkoxyhydroxymethylation of aldehyde acetals, wherein said acetal may be prepared separately or in situ from an aldehyde and an alcohol. Methylal, for example, may be reacted with syngas, i.e., CO and H.sub.2, in the presence of this ruthenium carbonyl-cobalt carbonyl catalyst to form the monomethyl ether of ethylene glycol.The invention also is directed to the ruthenium carbonyl-promoted cobalt carbonyl catalysts per se, including novel precipitated forms of these ruthenium-cobalt carbonyl catalyst mixtures.

Abstract: This invention relates to the manufacture of ethylene glycol and more particularly to a low pressure process for making ethylene glycol comprising reacting synthesis gas, i.e. a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, plus formaldehyde in the presence of a homogenous liquid catalyst containing an effective amount of cobalt-containing compound and a silicon-containing promoter at a temperature of at least 50.degree. C. and a pressure of at least 500 psi.

Abstract: This invention relates to the manufacture of ethylene glycol and more particularly to a low pressure process for making ethylene glycol comprising reacting synthesis gas, i.e. a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, plus 1,3-dioxolane in the presence of a homogenous liquid catalyst containing an effective amount of cobalt-containing compound, a silane or germane-containing promoter dispersed in a dioxolane solvent at a temperature of at least 50.degree. C. and a pressure of at least 500 psi.

Abstract: A process for producing primary alcohols from terminal epoxides having a mono-substituted epoxy ring and having from 3 to 6 carbon atoms per molecule which process comprises contacting the epoxide and hydrogen gas with Raney cobalt catalyst under vapor phase conditions in a hydrogenation zone.

Abstract: An ether compound is advantageously produced by an ether exchange reaction of a different ether compound and a hydroxy group containing compound in the presence of a heteropoly acid or an acidic salt thereof as the catalyst. The catalyst is novel and is extremely effective to the present process and brings about less by-products compared to other processes or other catalysts.

Abstract: Catalysts producing a sharply peaked alkoxylation distribution during the alkoxylation of organic materials comprise mixtures of BF.sub.3 and metal alkyls or metal alkoxides, SiF.sub.4 and metal alkyls or metal alkoxides, or mixtures of these catalysts.

Abstract: This invention relates to the manufacture of ethylene glycol and more particularly to a low pressure process for making ethylene glycol comprising reacting synthesis gas, i.e. a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, plus 1,3-dioxolane in the presence of a homogenous liquid catalyst containing an effective amount of cobalt-containing compound and a silane or germane-containing promoter dispersed in a hydrocarbon solvent at a temperature of at least 50.degree. C. and a pressure of at least 500 psi, where the particular solvents used allow the desired product to be separated from the reaction mixture by phase separation.

Abstract: This invention relates to the manufacture of ethylene glcyol and more particularly to a low pressure process for making ethylene glycol comprising reacting synthesis gas, i.e. a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, plus formaldehyde in the presence of a homogeneous liquid catalyst containing an effective amount of cobalt-containing compound and a silicon or germanium-containing promoter and a solvent at a temperature of at least 50.degree. C. and a pressure of at least 500 psi wherein said ethylene glycol product separates as a separate liquid phase from the solvent.

Abstract: An improved method of stripping unreacted alkylene glycol monoalkyl ethers and unreacted monocarboxylic or halogenated monocarboxylic acids from a mixture containing the monocarboxylic acid ester prepared therefrom by acid catalyzed esterification without any significant loss of the product ester. The method involves the injection of water into the distillate during the stripping and is particularly suitable for the recovery of propylene glycol monomethyl ether and acetic acid from esterification reaction mixtures containing a predominate amount of product propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate. The process allows for removal and recovery or recycle of the ether and acid and the preparation of a higher purity product ester.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of addition products of epoxides and hydroxylated compounds, characterized by the fact that it comprises the reaction of an epoxide and a hydroxylated compound in the homogeneous liquid phase, in the presence, as catalyst, of a salt of trifluoromethanesulphonic acid.

Abstract: Catalysts and a method of using said catalysts for the alkoxylation of a variety of materials is disclosed. Catalysts so described produce alkoxylates having a very sharp alkoxylate distribution. The catalysts are supported and unsupported dialkoxy and dialkyl metal fluorides and halides and alkyl metal difluorides and dihalides.

Abstract: The filter cake formed by the filtering of a alkylene oxide polymer during the refining of the same contains a minor amount of alkylene oxide polymer which can be recovered therefrom by treating the filter cake with a lower aliphatic alcohol or an aqueous solution of lower aliphatic alcohol. Methanol is the preferred lower aliphatic alcohol.

Abstract: Hydroxyl compounds are oxyalkylated by contacting them with an alkylene oxide, such as ethylene oxide or propylene oxide, in the presence of a perfluorocarbon polymer containing pendant sulfonic acid groups.

Abstract: Butane-1,4-diol is produced by converting allyl alcohol to an allyl t-alkyl or -cycloalkyl ether of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each, independently of the other, represent a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl radical, and R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 each, independently of the other, represent a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1 to C.sub.3 alkyl radical, or wherein R.sub.1 represents a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl radical, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a 5-membered or 6-membered cycloaliphatic ring, and R.sub.4 represents a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1 to C.sub.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of the monoether of monoethylene glycol by the hydrogenolysis of a 2-alkyl-1,3-dioxolane, with a co-catalytic system of palladium and an acid of phosphorus or a phosphoric ester of ethylene glycol and in the presence of ethylene glycol.