Abstract: Disclosed is a fluorine-containing aromatic compound represented by the following general formula (1) and its production method. In the formula (1), R1 is a hydroxyl group or amino group, each of R2 to R5 is independently a hydrogen atom, or a C1-4 straight chain or a C3 or C4 branched chain alkyl group, hydrogen atoms of the alkyl group may partially or totally be replaced with fluorine atoms, n is an integer of 0 to 2, and each of m and l is independently 0 or 1. A polymer derived from this fluorine-containing aromatic compound contains —C(CF3)2OH group at a position away from the polymer main chain. Therefore, it is useful for resist use.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the oxidation of mesitol with singlet oxygen, which is released from hydrogen peroxide, this release taking place in the presence of a bismuth compound as catalyst. In the process, 2,4,6-trimethylquinol is formed in high yield and selectivity as product, which can be used in further reactions for the synthesis of vitamins and in particular of vitamin A and vitamin E.

Abstract: In a conductive film forming method using photo sintering, a conductive film having low electric resistance is easily formed. The conductive film forming method is a method in which a conductive film is formed using photo sintering. This method includes the steps of forming a layer made of a sintering promoter on a substrate, forming a liquid film made of a copper particulate dispersion on the layer of the sintering promoter, drying the liquid film to form a copper particulate layer, and subjecting the copper particulate layer to photo sintering. The sintering promoter is a compound which removes copper oxide from metallic copper. Thereby, the sintering promoter removes a surface oxide film of copper particulates in photo sintering.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a polyester toner resin comprising gallic acid for use in manufacturing an emulsion aggregation (EA) toner for imaging devices.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a stabilizer composition for halogen-containing polymers and polymer mixtures, comprising at least one hydroquinone compound to prevent or reduce photoblueing of the polymers, polymer compositions comprising the stabilizer compositions, and to methods of using the stabilizer compositions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of a hydroquinone compound of formula (I) wherein R2, R3, R5 and R6 have the meaning according to claim 1, with the steps of formylating a substituted phenol and oxidizing the resulting substituted 4-hydroxy-benzaldehyde under acidic conditions to the corresponding hydroquinone of formula (I). Another object of the invention concerns the intermediate 2,3,5-trimethyl-4-hydroxy-benzaldehyde for synthesis of 2,3,5-trimethyl-hydroquinone (TMHQ) and (dl)?-tocopherol.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods and compositions comprising resorcinol derivatives for the use of treating, regulating or preventing a skin condition characterized by oxidative stress or a degenerative process. Methods of preventing, lightening or reducing the appearance of visible discontinuities of the skin resulting from skin pigmentation, skin aging, or other disorders are also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for preparing hydroxytyrosol, wherein a compound where X is CH2OH or CH2OM (M=Li, Na, K, Mg, Ca), R1 and R2 are identical or different and are C1-C8 alkyl radical, benzyl radical, alkyl- or halogen-substituted benzyl radical or arylalkyl radical, where R1 and R2 can also be linked via to give a ring, R3, R4, R5 and R6 are identical or different and are hydrogen or C1-C6 alkyl radical, aryl radical, alkyl-substituted aryl radical, where R5 and R6 can also be linked via —(CH2)4—, —(CH2)5— or —(CH2)6— to give a ring, is reacted with an aluminum compound AlR7R8R9 (2), where R7, R8 and R9 are identical or different and are H or C1-C8 alkyl radical, and then an aqueous solution of a hydroxycarboxylic acid is added to form a clear homogeneous acidic solution with a pH<3, and hydroxytyrosol is extracted therefrom.

Abstract: A process for improving the health of a subject, the process comprising orally administering a composition comprising hydroxytyrosol to the subject to provide the subject with a daily dose of about 0.1 to about 750 ?g hydroxytyrosol per kg of body weight, and a dietary supplement in dosage unit form for oral administration, the dosage unit form comprising a composition containing about 1 microgram to about 50 milligrams hydroxytyrosol or an ester or salt thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing a porous solid oxidic material from a hydrogel of the oxidic material and to the porous solid oxidic material as such.

Abstract: The invention relates generally to thin-film adhesive materials suitable for various applications. In particular, the present invention provides pliable viscoelastic thin-films configured to form strong water-resistant adhesive bonds to various surface types.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polymerisable compounds, to processes and intermediates for the preparation thereof, to liquid-crystal (LC) media comprising them, and to the use of the polymerisable compounds and LC media for optical, electro-optical and electronic purposes, in particular in LC displays, especially in LC displays of the PSA (“polymer sustained alignment”) type.

Abstract: Insulating paint, containing a resin that can form an insulating film by application and baking, and a reducing agent having a boiling point of 160° C. or higher.

Abstract: The present invention is a method for producing a polyhydric phenol, including the following steps (a) to (d): (a) a first step of producing (4S,5R,6S)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-cyclohexcene-1-one from 2-deoxy-scyllo-inosose by a dehydration reaction; (b) a second step of producing 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene from the (4S,5R,6S)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-cyclohexene-1-one obtained in the first step by a dehydration reaction; (c) a third step of producing 4-hydroxycyclohexane-1,3-dione from the 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene by a catalytic hydrogenation reaction with the use of a metal catalyst; and (d) a fourth step of producing hydroquinone by heating the 4-hydroxycyclohexane-1,3-dione.

Abstract: A circadian rhythm regulatory agent having as an active ingredient an alkylresorcinol represented by general formula (I) below and a circadian rhythm regulatory agent containing as an active ingredient an alkylresorcinol-containing extract from a cereal or a nut containing an alkylresorcinol of the following general formula (I). In the following general formula (I), R1 is a saturated or unsaturated alkyl group; and R2 is hydrogen or methyl. In general formula (I), R1 is preferably at the para-position with respect to R2, and R1 is preferably a saturated or unsaturated alkyl group having 15 to 27 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition including at least one compound of the Formulas (I), (II), or (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate, or prodrug thereof, as defined herein. Also disclosed is a method of treatment of diseases which are pathophysiologically related to GPR35, the GPR35-hERG signaling complex, or both, as defined herein.

Abstract: Novel hydroquinone flakes are prepared from a powder thereof, by, if necessary, melting the hydroquinone powder, depositing the hydroquinone in the liquid state as a film on a support made of a material or coated with a material which conducts heat, solidifying the hydroquinone by adjusting the support to an appropriate temperature, and recovering the solidified product in the form of flakes.

Abstract: A skin agent for external use and a cosmetic agent are provided, by transdermal administration of which expected actions and effects of ubiquinone derivatives, salts thereof, ubiquinones and ubiquinols are effectively obtained. The skin agent for external use includes a ubiquinone derivative or a salt thereof as an active ingredient. The ubiquinone derivative is represented by the formula (1): wherein R1 and R2 are each a hydrogen atom or a phosphoric group, at least one of R1 and R2 is a phosphoric group, and n is an integer in the range of 1 to 9.

Abstract: The present invention is directed generally to a method of production of biobased chemicals, biofuels, and lignin residues from lignin sources, including waste lignin. This method may allow for selectively producing biobased chemicals, biofuels, and lignin residues from lignin sources using certain processing methods. The methods for production of these biobased chemicals, biofuels, and lignin residues may be provided by chemical-induced processing, catalytic oxidative lignin depolymerisation processing, and catalytic hydroprocessing. Further, the catalytic hydroprocessing from processes including catalytic reduction processing, catalytic hydrodeoxygenation processing, and/or catalytic/dehydrogenation processing may also be used. The method described herein also provides a means in which waste from the process(es) may be reduced and/or recycled.

Abstract: A method for utilizing agricultural biomass components, namely cellulose, hemicellose, and lignin, and converting them to value-added biobased chemical products is described herein. The present method provides treatments to obtain a plurality of component streams from agricultural biomass for producing derivative products while minimizing waste products.

Abstract: A method for utilizing woody biomass components, namely cellulose, hemicellose, and lignin, and converting them to value-added biobased chemical products is described herein. The present method provides treatments to obtain a plurality of component streams from woody biomass for producing derivative products while minimizing waste products.

Abstract: This invention is related to the use of hydroxytyrosol (“HT”), or an olive juice extract containing hydroxytyrosol as an agent to improve muscle differentiation and thus improve or maintain the body's adaptation to exercise. It is also related to the use of hydroxytyrosol (“HT”), or an olive juice extract containing hydroxytyrosol as an agent to improve calcium signaling and to improve skeletal muscle contraction and relaxation. It also relates to pharmaceutical and nutraceutical compositions useful for conditions characterized by altered muscle differentiation especially under inflammatory conditions, such as delayed onset muscle soreness subsequent to strenuous exercise or sarcopenia.

Abstract: The present invention provides a nitrogen-free fuel detergent additive, fuel additive and fuel compositions containing the same, as well as a process for making such additives, where the additive may be described as a hydrocarbyl-substituted alkyloxy and/or hydroxy aromatic compound and may be produced by the reaction of (i) an alkyloxy and/or hydroxy aromatic compound and (ii) a polyolefin containing from 4 to 350 carbon atoms, in the presence of an optional solvent and/or catalyst, wherein the resulting nitrogen free additive provides acceptable engine deposit control that is comparable and/or better than the deposit control provided by nitrogen-containing fuel additives.

Abstract: The invention provides for a process for the depolymerization of lignin in an inert atmosphere to result in substituted phenolic monomer compounds. The process is catalysed by heterogeneous solid acid catalysts and is carried out in batch or continuous mode.

Abstract: A method for separating a salified phenolic compound from a reaction medium including same is described. Also described, is a method for separating salified phenolic compounds from an aqueous reaction medium resulting from the reaction of a phenolic compound and glyoxylic acid in the presence of a base, which leads to a reaction medium including at least the excess of the starting salified phenolic compound and the various salified mandelic compounds resulting from the reaction, wherein the reaction medium including the starting salified phenolic compound is contacted with an adsorbent substrate. This leads to the selective adsorption of the phenolic compound onto said substrate and to the recovery of an aqueous flow containing the salified mandelic compounds from the reaction, and in that the phenolic compound attached onto the adsorbent is desorbed by means of a regenerating treatment of the adsorbent.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the oxidation of mesitol with singlet oxygen, which is released from hydrogen peroxide, this release taking place in the presence of a bismuth compound as catalyst. In the process, 2,4,6-trimethylquinol is formed in high yield and selectivity as product, which can be used in further reactions for the synthesis of vitamins and in particular of vitamin A and vitamin E.

Abstract: The disclosure pertains to isolated white pine toxigenic endophytes and the compounds produced by the fungal endophytes as well as methods and uses of the white pine endophytes. The isolated white pine toxigenic endophytes are useful for preparing white pine seedlings and plants that have increased tolerance to a pest and are prepared by inoculating a white pine seedling during the susceptible time window.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of general formula I for the treatment of malignancy by inhibition of PI3-Akt pathway and or induction of NO. The present invention also relates to the use of compound of general formula I for the treatment of malignancy by inhibition of PI3-Akt pathway and or induction of NO. The present invention further relates to a method of treating malignancy by inhibition of PI3-Akt pathway and or induction of NO by administration of compound or said composition to a mammal in need thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates generally to thin-film adhesive materials suitable for various applications. In particular, the present invention provides pliable viscoelastic thin-films configured to form strong water-resistant adhesive bonds to various surface types.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods of providing anticoagulation effects in subjects in need thereof, comprising administering to the subjects at least twice a day compounds of the present invention, stereoisomers, and racemates thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of producing polyhydroxytyrosol comprising the step of reacting hydroxytyrosol monomers or derivative thereof in a mixed solution comprising an enzyme, hydrogen peroxide, and an aqueous solvent.

Abstract: The present invention is a method for producing a polyhydric phenol, including the following steps (a) to (d): (a) a first step of producing (4S,5R,6S)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-cyclohexcene-1-one from 2-deoxy-scyllo-inosose by a dehydration reaction; (b) a second step of producing 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene from the (4S,5R,6S)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-cyclohexene-1-one obtained in the first step by a dehydration reaction; (c) a third step of producing 4-hydroxycyclohexane-1,3-dione from the 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene by a catalytic hydrogenation reaction with the use of a metal catalyst; and (d) a fourth step of producing hydroquinone by heating the 4-hydroxycyclohexane-1,3-dione.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition (“composite”) comprising lignin and at least one catalyst dispersed in the composition. The invention further provides a process for producing such a catalyst- and lignin-comprising composition and its use for preparing an aromatics composition.

Abstract: Non-aqueous dental adhesive comprising a mixture containing (i) one or more polymerizable monomers optionally containing an acidic group, (ii) a polymerization initiator, and (iii) a thermal polymerization inhibitor of the following formula (I) wherein R?1 represents a hydrogen atom, or a saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms. R?2, which may be the same or different if more than one R?2 is present, independently represent a saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and c represents an integer of from 1 to 4, and (iv) optionally an organic solvent.

Abstract: Purified hydroquinone is prepared and formed from raw compounds essentially containing hydroquinone associated with very small quantities of impurities including resorcinol and pyrogallol, and includes a distillation purification step in which the resorcinol and pyrogallol are eliminated, directly followed by a step in which the purified hydroquinone is formed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an integrated method for producing cellulose and at least one low-molecular-weight reusable material, in which a starting material containing lignocellulose is provided and subjected to a decomposition with a processing medium. A fraction enriched with cellulose and a fraction depleted of cellulose is then isolated from the decomposition material, the depleted fraction of cellulose being subjected to a treatment during which at least one low-molecular-weight reusable material is obtained.

Abstract: Provided is an age-related apolipoprotein B oxidase (apoBNOX) found tightly associated with the low-density lipoprotein particles and believed to be responsible for oxidizing lipoprotein particles and initiating atherogenesis. It causes damage by directly oxidizing the apolipoprotein B protein and indirectly oxidizing the lipids in the particles due to superoxide formation by the apoBNOX and its conversion into hydrogen peroxide. apoBNOX activity is inhibited by tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol and components of white wine, important components of French and Mediterranean diets, which seem to be a very good source of inhibitors of the apolipoprotein B oxidase. Agents comprising at least one naturally-occurring apoBNOX inhibitor and compositions lessen, ameliorate or treat disorders and complications resulting from cell damage caused by oxidation of apolipoprotein B.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of producing polyhydroxytyrosol comprising the step of reacting hydroxytyrosol monomers or derivative thereof in a mixed solution comprising an enzyme, hydrogen peroxide, and an aqueous solvent.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for the manufacture of a 2,3,5-trimethylhydroquinone dialkanoate comprising reacting ketoisophorone with an acylating agent in the presence of an indium salt as the catalyst. Preferred are indium(III) salts such as indium trichloride or indium tris (trifluoromethanesulfonate). Further aspects of the present invention are a process for the manufacture of 2,3,5-trimethylhydroquinone using 2,3,5-trimethylhydroquinone dialkanoate as the starting material, especially a process for the manufacture of 2,3,5-trimethylhydroquinone by transesterification of 2,3,5-trimethylhydroquinone dialkanoate, as well as a process for the manufacture of a-tocopherol and its alkanoates, especially of (all-rac)-a-tocopherol and its acetate, comprising the reaction of ketoisophorone to 2,3,5-trimethylhydroquinone dialkanoate according to the present invention.

Abstract: The present invention, in one or more embodiments, comprises water-soluble derivatives of 3-n-pentadecylcatechol (poison ivy urushiol saturated congener) and/or 3-n-heptadecylcatechol (poison oak urushiol saturated congener) as compositions for the prevention and/or prophylactic treatment of contact dermatitis caused by poison ivy and poison oak. The present invention is also directed towards processes for making such compounds. Disclosed are compounds which are effective for tolerizing and desensitizing a subject against allergens contained in plants of the Anacardiaceae and Ginkgoaceae families comprising water soluble urushiol esters of general formula (I) Tolerizing and desensitizing mammals, including humans, to allergens contained in plants of the Anacardiaceae and Ginkgoaceae families is attained by administering a composition containing at least one water soluble urushiol ester compound.

Abstract: The subject of the present invention is a method for preparing pyrocatechol from which the impurities resulting from the method for the preparation thereof have been removed. The method for preparing purified pyrocatechol from a crude pyrocatechol containing essentially pyrocatechol, small amounts of impurities including dihydroxybenzoquinone, and traces of hydroquinone and of phenolic compounds, is characterized in that it comprises at least the following steps: dissolution of the crude pyrocatechol in water, crystallization of the pyrocatechol, separation of the purified pyrocatechol and, optionally, a step of drying the purified pyrocatechol. The method of the invention may include other steps and, depending on the embodiment chosen, that may comprise a different series of steps, it is possible to obtain pyrocatechol with various degrees of purity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to uses of decarboxylated phenolic acid derived from chlorogenic acid of coffee as well as products comprising decarboxylated phenolic acid derived from chlorogenic acid of coffee, especially a coffee extract, and methods of producing such products. Coffee comprises chlorogenic acids, according to the invention these chlorogenic acids can be transformed into decarboxylated phenolic acids. The resulting decarboxylated phenolic acids have antioxidant and/or anti-inflammatory properties and can be used as ingredients in food and beverage products and to treat certain health conditions.

Abstract: A process for improving the health of a subject, the process comprising orally administering a composition comprising hydroxytyrosol to the subject to provide the subject with a daily dose of about 0.1 to about 750 ?g hydroxytyrosol per kg of body weight, and a dietary supplement in dosage unit form for oral administration, the dosage unit form comprising a composition containing about 1 microgram to about 50 milligrams hydroxytyrosol or an ester or salt thereof.

Abstract: Cannabinoid derivatives are known for their function in the central as well as peripheral nervous system. Disclosed are some novel (+)-cannabidiol (CBD) derivatives of the general formula (I) having selective activity in the peripheral, but not in the central nervous system. Use of (+)-CBD derivatives as analgesics, anti-inflammatory and anti-diarrheal agents is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel compositions comprising hydroxytyrosol and chondroitin as well as to the use of these compositions as a medicament, in particular as a medicament for the treatment, co-treatment or prevention of inflammatory disorders.

Abstract: A method of enhancing production of a phenylpropanoid compound in a plant or plant cell is disclosed. The method comprising: (a) expressing in the plant or plant cell a heterologous polynucleotide which produces a myb gene of the phenylpropanoid pathway; and (b) contacting the plant or plant cell with at least one substrate of the phenylpropanoid pathway, the substrate being upstream to the production of the phenylpropanoid compound, thereby enhancing the production of a phenylpropanoid compound in the plant or plant cell.

Abstract: Disclosed is an adamantane derivative which provides a cured product excellent in optical characteristics such as transparency and light resistance, long-term heat resistance, electrical characteristics such as and dielectric constant, and low water absorption. Also disclosed are a resin composition containing the adamantane derivative, a sealing agent for electronic circuits, optical electronic member, semiconductor device and copper-clad laminate all using the resin composition, and a radiation-sensitive resin composition which contains the above-mentioned adamantane derivative as a crosslinking agent.

Abstract: A process for the production of a color-stable composition containing cardanol and cardol including (a) subjecting crude, cashew nutshell liquid to distillation to obtain a distillate: (b) reacting the distillate with boric acid to obtain a reaction mixture; and (c) subjecting the reaction mixture to distillation is provided. A method for the production of color-stable phenalkamines including (a) subjecting crude, cashew nutshell liquid to distillation to obtain a distillate; (b) reacting the distillate with boric acid to obtain a reaction mixture; (c) subjecting the reaction mixture to distillation to obtain a main fraction; and (d) reacting the main fraction with an aliphatic amine and formaldehyde to form a color-stable phenalkamine is also provided.

Abstract: A dispersible carbon nanotube (“CNT”) comprising a CNT backbone and an organic moiety attached to the carbon nanotube backbone and comprising a hydroxyl substituted C6 to C14 aromatic group are described, as well as a CNT-polymer composite and a method of manufacturing the CNT-polymer composite.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the application of 5-methyl-1,3-benzenediol or its derivatives represented by Formula I; wherein the constituent variables are as defined herein or pharmaceutical compositions thereof containing them in the preparation of medicines or functional foods. The present studies indicate that 5-methyl-1,3-benzenediol or its derivatives represented by Formula I, wherein the constituent variables are as defined herein or pharmaceutical compositions thereof containing them show more significant antidepressant effects than fluoxetine or imipramine.