Abstract: A cord for supporting a biofilm has a plurality of yarns. At least one of the yarns comprises a plurality of hollow fiber gas transfer membranes. At least one of the yarns extends along the length of the cord generally in the shape of a spiral. Optionally, one or more of the yarns may comprise one or more reinforcing filaments. In some examples, a reinforcing yarn is wrapped around a core. A module may be made by potting a plurality of the cords in at least one header. A reactor may be made and operated by placing the module in a tank fed with water to be treated and supplying a gas to the module. In use, a biofilm covers the cords to form a membrane biofilm assembly.

Abstract: A false twist yarn includes dyeable polyolefin fibers characterized as being polymer alloy fibers each having a sea-island structure in which a polyolefin (A) is the sea component and a polyester (B) having cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid compolymerized therein is the island component, and in which the dispersion diameter of the island component in a fiber cross section is 30-1000 nm, wherein the number of the polymer alloy fibers is three or more, and the polymer alloy fibers have physical properties (1) and (2): (1) crimp recovery (CR) being 10-40%; and (2) hot-water dimensional change being 0.0-7.0%. The polyolefin false twist yarn is capable of developing vivid and profound colors even though the polyolefin fibers therein are light in weight.

Abstract: A false-twisted low-fused polyester yarn has a non-untwisted part having a twist in a false-twist direction, an over-untwisted part having a twist in a direction opposite to the false-twist direction, and a non-twisted crimped part having no twist, alternately disposed along the longitudinal direction of the yarn, the average length of the non-untwisted part being no more than 7 mm, the average length of the over-untwisted part being at least 7 mm, and the degree of fusion-bonding in the yarn longitudinal direction being no more than 50%.

Abstract: A method for fabricating natural polymer yarn comprises the following steps: (a) forming a natural polymeric long fiber by wet spinning or electro spinning from a natural polymer solution; (b) combining the natural polymeric long fiber and at least one polymeric fiber by a false twist texturing process to form a natural polymeric yarn. A natural polymer yarn relates to the method. A natural polymer fabric includes said natural polymer yarn. A method of using said natural polymer fabric for medical dressing. By means of a false twist texturing process, the natural polymer yarn with enhanced tensile strength and elongation could reduce the drawback of conventional wound dressing products which lack strength and stretchiness in a wet condition.

Abstract: A spinning machine for spinning a strand of travelling wool fibers to form a yarn. The machine includes an exit nip, a rotatable spindle for drawing the fiber assembly from the nip while a twist is inserted into the fiber assembly to form a yarn, and a false twisting device, which in use is a travelling continuous belt. The belt has a pair of runs at least one of which is engaged by the twisted yarn as it is drawn past such that a surface surface(s) of the belt imparts a false twist into the yarn. The belt includes a core made from a first material and surrounded by an external portion which is made from a second material, both the core and external portion extending through the belt. Rigidity of the first material is substantially higher than that of the second material.

Abstract: A false twisting yarn composed of monofilaments containing a polyester component of which main component is polytrimethylene terephthalate, wherein the false twisting yarn is a false twisting yarn which satisfies all of the requirements of (1) a shrinkage ratio by wet heat treatment at 98° C. for 20 minutes is 5% or less, (2) a ratio (TS/WS) of elastic stretch ratio after wet heat treatment at 90° C. for 20 minutes (WS) and elastic stretch ratio after dry heat treatment at 90° C. for 15 minutes (TS) is, 0<TS/WS?1, and (3) a tensile strength is 2.0 cN/dtex or more. By using the false twisting yarn, it is possible to produce a pile cloth having a soft touch and a low shrinkage.

Abstract: It is a problem of the present invention to provide a normal pressure cationic dyeable polyester being cationic dyeable under normal pressure, and having high strength. The problem can be solved by a normal pressure cationic dyeable polyester, characterized by being a copolymerized polyester having a main repeating unit including ethylene terephthalate, and including, in an acid component forming the copolymerized polyester, a metal salt of sulfoisophthalic acid (A) and a compound (B) which is a phosphonium salt of sulfoisophthalic acid or the like in such a state as to simultaneously satisfy the two mathematical expressions. Preferably, the glass transition temperature of the copolymerized polyester is within the range of 70 to 85° C., and the intrinsic viscosity of the copolymerized polyester is within the range of 0.55 to 1.00 dL/g. Further, by melt spinning the copolymerized polyester, it is possible to provide a polyester fiber.

Abstract: An unstretched filament composed of a PET-based aromatic polyester multifilament comprising a polyoxyalkylene-based polyether and an organic ionic compound is subjected to simultaneous stretching and false twisting under specified conditions to produce a polyester false twisted yarn, whereby rapid and stable false twisting can be accomplished without section deformation or fluff generation during false twisting, and the resulting yarn has a highly satisfactory hand quality and a fibrillation resistant fiber structure, while also exhibiting a highly durable antistatic property. Interlacing of the unstretched filament with an unstretched polyester filament comprising a polymethyl methacrylate-based polymer and/or polystyrene-based polymer and stretching/false twisting thereof under specified conditions allows rapid and stable production of conjugated false twisted yarn exhibiting highly satisfactory bulkiness and a spun feel with the absence of fluff, as well as a highly durable antistatic property.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus involves crimping a multifilament thread, wherein the thread which is produced by melt spinning is compressed to a thread plug. The thread plug is cast on the circumference of rotating processing drum for thermal treatment and is wrapped around the circumference of the processing drum with many side-by-side wraparounds. Following that, the thread plug is unravelled in an unraveling area on the circumference of the processing drum into the crimped thread which is pulled of the processing drum. To obtain a continuous and regular unraveling of the thread plug with multiple wraparounds and mutual touching of the wraparounds of the thread plug, the thread is guided at a slant from the unraveling area of the thread plug such that a growing axial space appears between the thread and the thread plug, on the circumference of the processing drum, during increasing wraparounds of the thread on the circumference of the processing drum.

Abstract: A conjugate fiber-containing yarn containing side-by-side or eccentric core-in-sheath conjugate fibers each composed of a polyester component and a polyamide component, that can be crimped by heating, and that has properties of increasing its crimp ratio when it absorbs moisture or water and is excellent in windbreaking and warmth-retaining properties, has a wool-like soft and bulky hand, and is capable of forming a fabric in which a see-through property is not increased even when wetted with water.

Abstract: The present invention provides a synthetic fiber and methods for its use and formation. The present invention may comprise a fiber component that is a twisted bundle comprised of multiple strands of a nonfibrillating monofilament, the degree of twist being greater than about 0.9 turns/inch (about 0.36 turns/cm). The present invention may further comprise another fiber component, discrete from the twisted fiber component, that is fibrillated.

Abstract: The present invention offers polypropylene terephthalate textured yarn which has little dyeing unevenness or fibrillation, and is outstanding in its product quality, by carrying out texturing at the same time as drawing under specified conditions using polypropylene undrawn yarn; together with a method for the production thereof.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing a combined textile yarn comprising two yarn components that are false twisted to different twist levels and then combined to form a combined textile yarn. The yarn components may be twisted in the same or opposing directions, and may be drawn simultaneously with twisting to differing draw ratios before being combined.

Abstract: Composite crimped yarn comprising 50-90 wt. % of cellulose filaments and synthetic fiber filaments and having a crimp elongation percentage of 0.1-4.0%; and a weft knitted fabric comprising the composite crimped yarns. A weft knitted fabric comprising the composite crimped yarns does not substantially have weft bar has a high-quality appearance, a glossiness and hand touchness of the cellulose filaments, and excellent shrinkage proofing properties and setting properties, so that this weft knitted fabric can be applied to clothing goods, such as inner wear, sports wear and outer wear which are required to have excellent, a wet strength, dimensional stability and a high quality of knitted fabric.

Abstract: Crimped yarns that comprise a conjugate multifilament yarn having unique surface texture, dry touch, and stretchability; woven/knitted products comprising said crimped yarn; and production methods of crimped yarn as a conjugate multifilament yarn comprising polyester polymer components and has (a) number of crimps (CA): 2.5 crests/cm≦CA≦10 crests/cm, (b) number of developed crimps (CB): 8 crests/cm≦CB≦30 crests/cm, (c) shrinkage stress (TS): 0.0882≦TS (cN/dtex)≦0.221, (d) apparent shrinkage percentage (SC): 40%≦SC≦80%, and (e) shrinkage percentage of fiber in boiling water (SW): 2%≦SW≦8%, and produced by subjecting a crimp-forming conjugate multifilament yarn to relaxation-heat treatment.

Abstract: A composite textured yarn contains a component yarn A and a component yarn B each false twisted and crimped. The component yarn B is shorter in yarn length or larger in shrinkage at least after heat treatment. Single fibers of component B have thick portions and thin portions successively alternating in the longitudinal direction.

Abstract: A false twisted yarn is made from a lyocell multifilament yarn having a crimp shape coefficient defined by CE/N of 0.02-0.20, wherein CE is a crimp extension (%) and N is the number of crimps; a crimp extension of 0.7-7%; and a degree of swelling in water of 70% or less.

Abstract: A hollow-fiber bundle containing at least one core bundle, where the core bundle contains at least three hollow fibers which are arranged around a carrier thread, with at least one winding thread wound around them, where the cross-sectional form of the carrier thread varies along the length of the core bundle is disclosed.

Abstract: Polyester carpets of poly(trimethylene terephthalate) are disclosed which have excellent stain-resistance, texture retention and resistance to crushing. The bulked continuous filament yarn used to make the carpets and the process for making the yarns are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for increasing the dyeability of polyester yarn and comprises heating the partially oriented yarn to a temperature between its crystallization temperature and its melting point while preventing the partially oriented yarn from shrinking, and immediately thereafter draw texturizing the partially oriented yarn to a desired draw ratio and texturization.

Abstract: Two-component loop yarns composed of core and effect filaments are made of synthetic polymers and comprise the following features. At least some of the effect filaments are made of polyester, and at least some of the effect filaments have a breaking extension of from 35 to 70%, preferably from 35 to 60%. Moreover, at least some of the effect filaments have a birefringence of from 100*10.sup.-3 to 150*10.sup.-3, in particular from 125*10.sup.-3 to 140*10.sup.-3, and at least some of the effect filaments have a hot air shrinkage of 200.degree. C. of from 3 to 14%, in particular from 5 to 10%. The effect filaments have a filament linear density of not greater than 1.5 dtex.

Abstract: A post-coalescence melt-spinning process for preparing fine undrawn hollow polyester filaments having excellent mechanical quality and uniformity at high speeds (2-5 km/min) involving selection of polymer viscosity and spinning conditions, whereby the void content of the resulting new undrawn filaments is essentially maintained or increased on cold-drawing or hot-drawing with or without post heat treatment, and the new fine hollow polyester filaments obtained thereby.

Abstract: The friction texturized polyester filament yarn has a titer of 400 to 600 dtex and a crimpability of at least 45% and can be provided with at least 60 slubs/m. The method of making this friction texturized polyester filament yarn comprises texturizing a flat yarn with a titer of 400 to 600 dtex at a rate of at least 350 m/min and a yarn tension ratio, F2/F1, less than one via a squeezing twister. A set yarn can be made from the friction texturized polyester yarn with the titer of 400 to 600 dtex by heating.

Abstract: An entangled multifilament yarn made from high strength filaments having a tenacity of at least about 7 g/d, a tensile modulus of at least about 150 g/d and an energy-to-break of at least about 8 J/g. The yarn is used to make ballistic resistant articles.

Abstract: Hollow polyester undrawn filaments having excellent mechanical quality and uniformity are prepared by a simplified post-coalescence melt spinning process at speeds of e.g. 2-5 km/min by selection of polymer and spinning conditions whereby the void content of the undrawn filaments can be essentially maintained or even increased when drawn cold or hot, with or without post heat-treatment.

Abstract: Textured yarns which can be processed for example by deep-drawing into irreversibly highly formable woven or knitted fabrics and a process for their preparation are described. These yarns have degrees of elasticity of below 50% and contain at least as carrier component undrawn but partially oriented polyester filaments which have been improved by a heat treatment in their flow stress.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a fiber blend useful in the manufacture of carpet yarn used for pile in carpet construction. The blend includes, by weight based on the weight of the total blend, about 40% to about 70% normally crimped fibers, about 5% to about 50% crimpset fibers and about 4% to about 40% high shrinkage fibers having a shrinkage value of from about 15% to about 50%. Carpets including pile yarn formed from the blends of the present invention exhibit superior resistance to watermarking as well as other desirable characteristics.

Abstract: In a polyester multi-filament yarn consisting of at least two kinds of false twisted filament yarns having different sectional shapes, the present invention relates to a combined and multi-component false twisted filament yarn which comprises at least one kind of filament yarns having a specific sectional shape not having a recess and the other kind of filament yarns having a specific sectional shape having recesses, and wherein the filament yarns having the respective sectional shapes are dispersedly mix-woven. The present invention relates also to a method of producing such a combined and multi-component false twisted multi-filament yarn and a knitted/woven fabric obtained by using such a yarn.

Abstract: A yarn, especially a sewing yarn, comprises at least two multifile yarn components. The first yarn component forms mainly the core of the yarn and the second yarn component forms mainly the jacket of the yarn. The two yarn components are intermingled with one another. The monofilaments of the second yarn component have a specific strength which amounts to between 5% and 70%, especially between 10% and 50%, of the specific strength of the monofilaments of the first yarn component.

Abstract: There are described two-component loop yarns composed of core and effect filaments made of synthetic polymers, having a final tenacity of at least 30 cN/tex and a final linear density of less than 200 dtex and wherein the core and effect filaments each have a total linear density of in each case of less than 100 dtex.The yarns described are preferably useful as sewing yarns.

Abstract: There are described composites containing as the matrix a polymeric organic compound and as the reinforcing material polyether ketone (PEK) single, folded or cabled yarn or fabric formed from such single, folded or cabled yarn. In the composites of the invention, the polyether ketone single, folded or cabled yarn exhibits crimp.The composites of the invention are notable for excellent adhesion between matrix material and reinforcing material.

Abstract: A friction-textured elastic yarn is prepared by twisting a single-component multifilament melt-spinnable polymer yarn having an initial modulus of 80 to 150 cN/tex and a melting point of at least 200.degree. C. at a speed of at least 200 m/min, the thus twisted yarn is heat-set at 160.degree. to 190.degree. C. to produce a fixated yarn, and the fixated yarn is friction-textured at a pretension of 0.5 to 3.0 cN/tex.

Abstract: Bulked continuous filament carpet yarns having high levels of bulk are disclosed. When ply-twisted together at unusually high twist levels and tufted into carpets, such yarns produce cut-pile carpets having a superior balance of carpet bulk and newness retention when compared to carpets of identical construction made with yarns having conventional levels of yarn bulk and/or twist.

Abstract: Two-component loop sewing yarn composed of core and effect filaments of high tenacity and low shrinkage made of synthetic polymers, having an ultimate tenacity of above 40 cN/tex, a thermoshrinkage at 180.degree. C. of below 8% and an ultimate tensile strength elongation of below 18%, has a total count of 200 to 900 dtex, its core filaments and effect filaments being in a weight ratio of 95:5 to 70:30 with the linear density of the core filaments being 8 to 1.2 dtex and that of the effect filaments being 4.5 to 1 dtex.

Abstract: Potential bulky polyester associated bundles or yarns for woven or knitted fabric include spontaneously heat extensible multi-filament A and heat shrinkable multi-filament B. The associated bundles are interlaced at 20-100 interlaces/m. For multi-filament A, the following physical properties apply: <3 denier as a single bundle; 20-80% denier ratio content in associated bundles, wet shrinkage at 100.degree. C. (SHW (A))=0-5%, dry shrinkage at 160.degree. C. (SHD (A))=-15-0%. The properties pertaining to multi-filament B include: fracture tenacity>4 g/denier, denier ratio of 80-29% content in associated bundles, SHW (B)>5-60%. Additionally, SHD (B)-SHD(A)>5%. The invention also relates to processes for forming the bundles and for weaving the bundles into fabric.

Abstract: Disclosed is a worsted yarn-like false-twisted yarn composed of large-denier multifilaments having a thickness of at least 4 de and small-denier multifilaments having a thickness of 0.

Abstract: A highly shrinkable acrylic filament yarn which exhibits a degree of shrinking of at least 20% in boiling water, a maximum heat shrinking stress of at least 0.15 g/d in a dry heating atmosphere, and a Young's modulus of at least 280 Kg/mm.sup.2 after free shrinking treatment in boiling water.

Abstract: A ply-twisted crimped continuous filament yarn having at least 40 twist reversals per meter and particularly suited for freize style carpets and the process for making the yarn is disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a denier-mixed composite yarn containing 20 weight percent or more coarse filaments whose single filament fineness is 3 deniers or more and 5 weight percent or more fine filaments whose single filament fineness is 1.5 denier or less. Part or all of the coarse filaments are of non-circular cross-section, the stress of the composite yarn at 10% elongation is 2.5 g/d or less, and the composite yarn has a particular distribution of elongation. According to such denier-mixed composite yarn, superior dry feel fullness and softness can be imparted to woven and knit fabrics.

Abstract: A continuous multifilament crimped polyamide or polypropylene yarn suitable for use in loop pile carpeting and the process for making the yarn including feeding the yarn at different tensions and then treating the yarn with saturated steam is disclosed.

Abstract: A false-twist textured yarn composed of a polyamide filament yarn excellent in stretchability and heat durability suitable for sports wear is proposed, which is characterized in that the maximum value F (g) of a shrinkage force under dry heat and a heat treatment temperature T (.degree.C.), at which the maximum shrinkage force value F is attained, are defined by the following equations:0.20 g/D.gtoreq.F/D.gtoreq.0.08 g/D andTm.gtoreq.T.gtoreq.Tm-25wherein D is the titre of the textured yarn represented by denier, and Tm is the melt-breakage temperature of the polyamide filament yarn represented by .degree.C., and that the crimp recovery CR of the yarn is 15% or more. The textured yarn is preferably produced from a preoriented undrawn polyamide filament under specific false-twist texturing conditions by means of an in-draw texturing machine with the specific yarn guide for facilitating a threading operation.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a sewing thread comprising the following steps:drawing an undrawn polyester multifilament yarn;preliminarily heat treating the drawn yarn at an effective heat treating temperature before false twisting;then, false twisting the heat treated synthetic multifilament yarn at a temperature of at least 150.degree. C.subjecting the false twisted yarn to a fluid jet treatment under the slackened condition so as to intermittently interlace in a lengthwise direction constituent filaments of the yarn and so as to form protruded portions protruding from the surface of the yarn; andpost-heat treating the interlaced yarn at an effective heat treating temperature being higher than the heat treating temperature of the false twisting.By this method, a thread suitable for sewing can be obtained.

Abstract: The present invention provides a false twist crimped yarn having an improved coherent structure which is produced by the specific mode of processing realized by defining the processing conditions of false twist crimping system. Here the unitary effect generally takes the form of a structure in which several of the yarn composing filaments fasciate the rest of the filaments and accordingly the false twist crimped yarn can be submitted to the weaving process without undergoing the sizing, twisting and interlacing required conventionally.

Abstract: Scalloped-oval cross-section for low denier filaments of partially-oriented polyester for new draw-texturing feed yarn, and a new process of draw-texturing to prepare corresponding polyester textured yarns for use in combination spun yarn/textured polyester yarn fabrics, and such combination and other new fabrics.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a sewing thread comprising the following steps:drawing an undrawn polyester multifilament yarn;preliminarily heat treating the drawn yarn at an effective heat treating temperature before false twisting;then, false twisting the heat treated synthetic multifilament yarn at a temperature of at least 150.degree. C.;subjecting the false twisted yarn to a fluid jet treatment under the slackened condition so as to intermittently interlace in a lengthwise direction constituent filaments of the yarn and so as to form protruded portions protruding from the surface of the yarn; andpost-heat treating the interlaced yarn at an effective heat treating temperature being higher than the heat treating temperature of the false twisting.By this method, a thread suitable for sewing can be obtained.

Abstract: Synthetic yarn and yarn-like structures are formed by the method of treating separate multifilament strands of thermoplastics material so that at least one has a shrinkage ratio higher than normal at an elevated temperature. The strands are intermingled in a gas stream with formation of loops on the strands after which they are subjected to a twisting force which imparts a random form of twist on the intermingled formation followed by a heating operation to cause them to shrink differentially while being held until shrinkage ceases so that interlocking bud-like projections form on the filaments.

Abstract: The invention relates to a yarn composed of false twist texturized synthetic yarn components where one of the components only has a crimp contraction of less than 10% and to a process for preparing the yarn, in which the yarn component with reduced crimp contraction is obtained by using a number of turns of false twist reduced to 35 to 65% of the Heberlein value and, if appropriate, texturizing temperatures of 120.degree. to 180.degree. C.

Abstract: Chain-weft fabrics and knitted fabrics, with a crepe effect, are obtained from continuous texturized synthetic yarns, substantially non-twisted, having a high "yarn count/no. of filaments" ratio, and a high shrinkage under hot conditions, and particularly yarns of 30-160 Dtex comprising filaments of between 5 and 19 Dtex.

Abstract: In accordance with the invention there is provided a synthetic sewing thread of multifilament construction characterized by its ability to lessen the buildup of heat at the needle of a high speed sewing machine during the operation thereof, even during the sewing of relatively heavy weight fabrics, so as to allow the thread to be utilized as a substitute for the sewing threads conventionally required in high temperature sewing applications, such as cotton spun yarns or cotton sheathed core yarns. The thread is of substantially uniform cross section throughout, devoid of alternating thick and thin areas to provide a smooth more uniform sewing thread. The thread comprises a plurality of texturized continuous synthetic filaments, the filaments having a nonlinear crimped configuration providing bulk to the thread and being entangled with one another along the length of the thread by being directed through a fluid jet under a relatively high pressure of at least 80 p.s.i. and being further bound together by twist.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a sewing thread comprising the following steps:drawing an undrawn polyester multifilament yarn;preliminarily heat treating the drawn yarn at an effective heat treating temperature before false twisting;then, false twisting the heat treated synthetic multifilament yarn at a temperature of at least 150.degree. C.;subjecting the false twisted yarn to a fluid jet treatment under the slackened condition so as to intermittently interlace in a lengthwise direction constituent filaments of the yarn and so as to form protruded portions protruding from the surface of the yarn; andpost-heat treating the interlaced yarn at an effective heat treating temperature being higher than the heat treating temperature of the false twisting.By this method, a thread suitable for sewing can be obtained.