Abstract: A fuel and method for conversion of sesquiterpenes to high density fuels. The sesquiterpenes can be either extracted from plants or specifically produced by bioengineered organisms from waste biomass. This approach allows for the synthesis of high performance renewable fuels.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a carbonaceous material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery having excellent output characteristics and exhibiting excellent cycle characteristics, and a negative electrode using the same. The problem described above is solved by a carbonaceous material for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery having a true density of 1.4 to 1.7 g/cm3, an atom ratio (H/C) of hydrogen atoms to carbon atoms of at most 0.1, as determined by elemental analysis, an average particle size Dv50 of 3 to 35 ?m, a ratio Dv90/Dv10 of 1.05 to 3.00, and a degree of circularity of 0.50 to 0.95.

Abstract: A multifunctional, high-performance hydrocarbon composition is demanded.

Abstract: A method for synthesizing cyclic hydrocarbons with linear hydrocarbon side chains from a renewable source, or biomass by naturally occurring or bioengineered fungal strains, or hydrodistillation of plants.

Abstract: A method/fuels for making high-density, high-octane fuels, the high-density, high-octane including, dimerizirig terpene monomer(s), crude mixture of terpene(s), and/or oxygenated terpenoid(s) with at least one heterogeneous dimerization acid catalyst at temperatures ranging from about 25° C. to about 160° C. to produce a mixture of residual/isomerized monomer(s) cymene(s), and terpene dimer(s), hydrogenating the mixture of residual/isomerized monomer(s), p-cymene(s), and terpene dimer(s) with at least one heterogenous catalyst(s) under a hydrogen atmosphere to produce a hydrogenated mixture of cymene(s), saturated cyclic molecules of terpene(s), other aromatic(s), and/or saturated terpene dimer(s), and isolating the hydrogenated mixture of cymene(s), saturated cyclic terpene(s), other aromatic(s), and saturated terpene dimer(s) by fractional distillation to yield a high boiling fraction composed of terpene dimers and mixture low boiling fraction composed of hydrogenated monomer(s) and cymenes.

Abstract: The present invention provides a paraffin mixture that is suitable for use as cosmetics and cleansing oil for skin and hair and has excellent volatility. The paraffin mixture according to the present invention is a mixture that contains isoparaffin having a carbon number of 12 to 16, and the mixture has a boiling point range of 185° C. to 215° C. and has the content of 2,2,4,6,6-pentamethylheptane at less than 10 mass %.

Abstract: Introducing an additive into a crude oil may result in the crude oil having comparatively lower acid levels as compared to an otherwise identical crude oil absent the additive. The additive may include nanoparticles of metal oxides, oil soluble hydrogen donors, and/or heavy amines. The oil soluble hydrogen donors may be or include 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene; 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrdroquinoline; 9,10-dihydroanthracene; 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene; and combinations thereof. The heavy amines may be or include alkyl amines, alkanolamines, polyethylene amines, polypropylene amines, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system oil composition for crosshead diesel engines, the system oil composition having excellent heat resistance and being effective for improvement of fuel efficiency. More specifically, the present invention relates to a system oil composition for crosshead diesel engines in which the system oil composition includes a mineral oil and/or a synthetic oil as a base oil (A) and has a kinematic viscosity of at least 35 mm2/s at 50° C., a high-shear viscosity of at most 45 mPa·s at 50° C., and a high-shear viscosity of at least 15 mPa·s at 70° C.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for dehydrating bio-1-alcohols to bio-1-alkenes with high selectivity. The bio-1-alkenes are useful in preparing high flashpoint diesel and jet biofuels which are useful to civilian and military applications. Furthermore, the bio-1-alkenes may be converted to biolubricants useful in the transportation sector and other areas requiring high purity/thermally stable lubricants.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a method for the efficient production of carotenoids. In particular, the present invention is directed to a method for producing carotenoid and carotenoid containing cells, especially astaxanthin and astaxanthin-containing cells, by generating mutant microorganisms belonging to the photoautotrophic algae of the Class Chlorophyceae and culturing same. The present invention further relates to methods of generating microorganisms producing high yields of carotenoids, in particular astaxanthin, products containing said microorganisms or said carotenoids, and the use of said carotenoids produced by the microorganisms according to the present invention and deposited mutant strains generated from said microorganisms.

Abstract: A fuel additive for a hydrocarbon based fuel that has one or more of the following Components: Component A; a non-ionic surfactant having the formula wherein R is an alkyl radical having from 4 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and n is an integer of from 2 to 8; Component B; a compound selected from the group consisting of partially sulfonated naphthalene formaldehyde condensates, polymer condensates of linear alkyl benzene sulfonic acids, and naphthalene sulfonic acids with formaldehyde and mixtures thereof; Component C; a polycarboxylate-type material comprising at least one of a ammonium polyacrylate, a polyacrylate derivative, a hydrophobic copolymer, or a hydrophobically modified acrylic polymer having a pH of from about 6.0 to about 7.0; Component D; a finely divided poly alpha olefin; or Component E; any combination of A, B, C, or D.

Abstract: An optimized catalyst system is disclosed for the pyrolysis of solid biomass material. The catalyst system is also suitable in upgrading reactions for biocrude. The system includes a carbonate species on a substantially inert support. The carbonate species can be an inorganic carbonate and/or an inorganic hydrogencarbonate.

Abstract: Fuels and other valuable compositions and compounds can be made from oil extracted from microbial biomass and from oil-bearing microbial biomass via hydroprocessing and/or other chemical treatments, including the alkaline hydrolysis of glycerolipids and fatty acid esters to fatty acid salts.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for collecting a carotenoid from a culture of a carotenoid-producing bacterium at high yield. Specifically, the present invention provides a method for separating a carotenoid comprising a step of precipitating a concentrate containing the carotenoid from a culture of a carotenoid-producing bacterium under acidic conditions; and a method for producing a carotenoid comprising the steps of precipitating a concentrate containing the carotenoid from a culture of a carotenoid-producing bacterium under acidic conditions and collecting the carotenoid from the obtained precipitate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for converting hydrocarbons into products containing aldehydes and/or alcohols. The invention also relates to producing olefins from the aldehyde and alcohol, to polymerizing the olefins, and to equipment useful for these processes.

Abstract: Tritiated planar carbon forms and their production are provided. Methods are provided for the stoichiometrically controlled labeling of planar carbon forms capitalizing on normal flaws of carboxylic acids ubiquitously present in commercial preparations of these planar carbon forms. Alternative methods include generation of a metallated intermediate whereby a metal is substituted for hydrogen on the carbon backbone of a planar carbon form. The metalized intermediate is then reacted with a tritium donor to covalently label the planar carbon form. The tritiated planar carbon forms produced are useful, for example, for determination of a biological property or environmental fate of planar carbon forms.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the present application discloses methods to selectively synthesize higher alcohols and hydrocarbons useful as fuels and industrial chemicals from syngas and biomass. Ketene and ketonization chemistry along with hydrogenation reactions are used to synthesize fuels and chemicals. In another embodiment, ketene used to form fuels and chemicals may be manufactured from acetic acid which in turn can be synthesized from synthesis gas which is produced from coal, biomass, natural gas, etc.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for extracting hydrocarbon mixtures that have an increased proportion of hydrocarbons of a medium chain length (8 to 16 carbon atoms), or the corresponding pure compounds. Firstly, a starting material is provided that includes at least 50 wt. % unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds having oxygen. The compounds include olefin fragments of the formula —C1CxH2x—CH?CH—CyH2y+1 with at least 14 carbon atoms, carbon atom (C1) being saturated with substituted or unsubstituted heteroatoms and/or hydrogen. In a conversion reactor, this starting material is brought into contact with a porous catalyst based on carbon, in the absence of oxygen, and at a temperature of between 200 and 800° C.; and a product mixture that contains hydrocarbons is produced containing an increased proportion of hydrocarbons with medium chain lengths. Finally, the product mixture including hydrocarbons is collected and fed to a separating device in which a product separation is carried out.

Abstract: The present disclosure identifies methods and compositions for modifying photoautotrophic organisms as hosts, such that the organisms efficiently produce alkanes, and in particular the use of such organisms for the commercial production of alkanes and related molecules. Other materials, methods, and compositions are also described.

Abstract: Low metal biomass-derived pyrolysis oils and processes for producing the same are provided. Low metal biomass-derived pyrolysis oil is produced by a process of contacting metal-containing biomass-derived pyrolysis oil with an acidic ion-exchange resin having sulfonic acid groups. Low metal biomass-derived pyrolysis oil is removed from spent acidic ion-exchange resin after ion-exchange.

Abstract: A process for upgrading hydrocarbons comprising removal of C5 hydrocarbons from a feedstock, metathesizing said C5 hydrocarbons to C6+ and C4? hydrocarbons, and upgrading said C4? hydrocarbons is disclosed absent any dehydrogenation.

Abstract: The disclosure provides for hydrocarbon production by hydrogenation and oligomerizaton and, more particularly, to catalysis of alkanes and alkenes by a tandem transfer hydrogenation and oligomerization.

Abstract: The electronic structure of nanowires, nanotubes and thin films deposited on a substrate is varied by doping with electrons or holes. The electronic structure can then be tuned by varying the support material or by applying a gate voltage. The electronic structure can be controlled to absorb a gas, store a gas, or release a gas, such as hydrogen, oxygen, ammonia, carbon dioxide, and the like.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for the production of biogas from forage are provided. Compositions comprise a combination microbial inoculant, silage produced from forage inoculated with the combination microbial inoculant, and biogas produced from the silage. Various methods are provided for increasing biogas production and decreasing dry matter loss by inoculating forage with a combination inoculant. In certain embodiments, inoculating forage with specific combinations of bacterial strains results in a synergistic decrease in dry matter loss and a synergistic increase in biogas production. In other embodiments, inoculating a biomass composition comprising silage and sludge with specific combinations of bacterial strains results in a synergistic increase in biogas production.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to renewable compositions derived from fermentation of biomass, and integrated methods of preparing such compositions.

Abstract: The invention features methods for producing isoprene from cultured cells wherein the cells in the stationary phase. The invention also provides compositions that include these cultured cells and/or increased amount of isoprene. The invention also provides for systems that include a non-flammable concentration of isoprene in the gas phase. Additionally, the invention provides isoprene compositions, such as compositions with increased amount of isoprene or increased purity.

Abstract: The invention provides non-naturally occurring microbial organisms having a butadiene pathway. The invention additionally provides methods of using such organisms to produce butadiene.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel biosynthetic pathway for the production of isoprene from 3-methyl-2-buten-1-ol or 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol. Further embodiments provide non-naturally occurring microorganism that have been modified to produce isoprene from 3-methyl-2-buten-1-ol or 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol and methods of producing isoprene using said microorganism.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel biosynthetic pathway for the production of isoprene from 3-methyl-2-buten-1-ol or 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol. Further embodiments provide non-naturally occurring microorganism that have been modified to produce isoprene from 3-methyl-2-buten-1-ol or 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol and methods of producing isoprene using said microorganism.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon-containing mixture including acetylene and butenyne is disclosed. The hydrocarbon-containing mixture can include 10% to 89% acetylene, 10% to 89% butenyne, and at least 0.25% dimethyl butadiyne. A method and system for producing the hydrocarbon-containing mixture is also disclosed. The system can include an acetylene production subsystem comprising at least one vessel and an acetylene output for delivering acetylene to a finishing vessel via a finishing vessel inlet. The finishing vessel can include a diffuser in fluid communication with the finishing vessel inlet, and gas exiting the diffuser can pass through a reaction chamber filled with solid calcium carbide before passing through a finishing vessel outlet.

Abstract: The present invention relates to engineering plants to express higher levels than endogenous amounts of terpenoids, such as farnesene. Plants that can be so engineered include those with large carbon stores, such as sweet sorghum and sugar cane.

Abstract: Provided herein are olefinic feedstocks derived from conjugated hydrocarbon terpenes (e.g., C10-C30 terpenes), methods for making the same, and methods for their use.

Abstract: The invention provides for methods for the production of isoprene in recombinant marine bacterial cells via the heterologous expression of isoprene synthase enzymes.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a catalytic system for preparing highly branched alkane from olefin, which contains novel nickel or palladium complexes. In the presence of the catalytic system, highly branched oily alkane mixture can be efficiently obtained from olefins (such as ethylene) under mild conditions. The alkane mixture has a low bromine number, and can be used as a processing aid(s) and lubricant base oil with high-performance. Provides also was a method for preparing the catalyst and a method for preparing an oily olefin polymer.

Abstract: A method of introducing a bandgap in single layer graphite on a SiO2 substrate comprising the steps of preparing graphene flakes and CVD grown graphene films on a SiO2/Si substrate and performing hydrogenation of the graphene. Additionally, controlling the majority carrier type via surface adsorbates.

Abstract: Paraffin compositions including mainly even carbon number paraffins, and a method for manufacturing the same, is disclosed herein. In one embodiment, the method involves contacting naturally occurring fatty acid/glycerides with hydrogen in a slurry bubble column reactor containing bimetallic catalysts with equivalent particle diameters from about 10 to about 400 micron. The even carbon number compositions are particularly useful as phase change material.

Abstract: Reactors for the pyrolysis of pyrolyzable matter, pyrolysis systems incorporating the reactors and methods of using the reactors are provided. Also provided are systems and methods for integrating the pyrolysis and hydrodeoxygenation of pyrolyzable matter. The pyrolysis reactors create a horizontally rotating, fluidized-bed to which pyrolyzable matter, such as biomass, may be converted via pyrolysis into liquid fuels and/or value-added chemicals.

Abstract: Farnesene dimers and/or farnesane dimers and compositions thereof are described. The compositions provided comprise conventional additives. Methods of making and using the compounds and composition are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed are a catalyst for producing, from an alcohol, an olefin whose number of carbon atoms is at least one more than the number of carbon atoms of the alcohol, wherein at least the surface of the catalyst is substantially composed of zirconium oxide; a method for producing an olefin using the same; and so on.

Abstract: In the present invention, a biofuel composition and processes for the incorporation of biologically-derived ethanol into gasoline are disclosed. The present invention discloses ways to use biologically-derived ethanol in gasoline while simultaneously enabling the blending of products from saturation of benzene. In addition, the present invention also discloses ways to use this ethanol with other volatile compounds from petroleum such as isopentane.

Abstract: A renewable biofuel based on a highly efficient batch catalysis methodology for conversion of 1-butene to a new class of potential jet fuel blends. By tuning the catalyst and then using the dimer produced, the carbon use is about 95% or greater. This latter point will be particularly important in the future, where the source of raw materials (i.e., biomass/biofeedstock) is limited.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for preparing isobutene from a renewable source and their use in the preparation of renewable polymers. The invention also discloses purification of isobutene, selective removal of 1-butene, cis-2-butene and trans-2-butene using microporous adsorbent material, and the oligomerization of the purified liquid isobutene yielding diisobutenes and triisobutenes.

Abstract: The present invention in its various embodiments is directed to methods for preparing a renewable jet fuel blendstock, and blendstocks prepared by such methods, comprising fermenting a biomass-derived feedstock to form one or more C2—C6 alcohols such as isobutanol, catalytically dehydrate and oligomerize the alcohols to form higher molecular weight olefins (e.g., C8—C16 olefins), hydrogenating at least a portion of the higher molecular weight olefins to form a renewable jet fuel blendstock comprising C12 and C16 alkanes which meet or exceed the requirements of ASTM D7566-10a for hydroprocessed synthesized paraffinic kerosene (SPK).

Abstract: Catalytic processes for converting carboxylic acids obtained from biomass and other natural or industrial sources into paraffinic or olefinic hydrocarbons through decarboxylation, along with products formed from such hydrocarbons, in which the carbon chain length, the ratio of carbon-14 to carbon-12, and the ratio of odd number to even number of carbons in the chain are among factors which are indicative or otherwise useful for the detection of hydrocarbons formed by undergoing the claimed processes.

Abstract: A process for making propylene by dehydration of propanol can include gasifying a carbonaceous solid or liquid feedstock, or reforming a gaseous carbonaceous feedstock into synthesis gas. The synthesis gas can be fermented or co-fermented by means of a microorganism into propanol. The microorganism can be a wild strain having the natural capability to ferment synthesis gas into propanol. The microorganism can be a microorganism possessing the required nucleic acid sequence information to express the enzymes for the biosynthesis of C3-oxygenates modified with the required nucleic acid sequence information to express the enzymes of the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway. The microorganism can be a microorganism possessing the required nucleic acid sequence information to express the enzymes of the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway, modified with the required nucleic acid sequence information to express the enzymes for the biosynthesis of C3-oxygenates.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of compounds having a monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) synthase inhibitory activity as herbicide or algaecide, and to herbicide and algaecide compositions containing at least one of these compounds.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a fuel composition for diesel engines. The fuel composition comprises 0.1-99% by weight of a component or a mixture of components produced from biological raw material originating from plants and/or animals and/or fish. The fuel composition comprises 0-20% of components containing oxygen. Both components are mixed with diesel components based on crude oil and/or fractions from Fischer-Tropsch process.

Abstract: The present document describes a catalyst to initiate microwave pyrolysis of waste, a process for the microwave pyrolysis of waste using the catalyst, as well as a microwave pyrolysis system.

Abstract: The present invention is in the fields of nanotechnology and biomimetics. In particular, the present invention relates to the use of modified ribosomes to produce biomimetic structures. These biomimetic structures, also known as directed element polymers, are not produced by traditional industrial means but instead are produced by living systems comprising modified ribosomes.

Abstract: The present disclosure identifies methods and compositions for modifying photoautotrophic organisms as hosts, such that the organisms efficiently convert carbon dioxide and light into n-alkanes, and in particular the use of such organisms for the commercial production of n-alkanes and related molecules.