Abstract: The present invention relates to a base oil composition comprising at least one or more hydrogenated polymethylated triterpenes of the general formula CnH(2n+2).

Abstract: A gas treatment system for hydrocarbon upgradation comprising a water flooded screw type compressor to receive and discharge water and gas to be treated, a scrubber to receive a gas discharged from the compressors and scrubbing water, a stripper/flasher to receive water and gas discharged from the scrubber and recycle the water for use by one or both compressor and scrubber and a recovery system for the gas from scrubber.

Abstract: The present disclosure identifies methods and compositions for modifying photoautotrophic organisms as hosts, such that the organisms efficiently convert carbon dioxide and light into n-alkanes, and in particular the use of such organisms for the commercial production of n-alkanes and related molecules.

Abstract: Disclosed are tunable catalysts and methods of controlling the activity of a catalyst. For example, disclosed are methods of controlling the activity of a catalyst, comprising providing a catalyst, comprising a ferroelectric substrate of finite thickness comprising two opposing surfaces, the ferroelectric substrate being characterized as having a polarization; an electrode surmounting one of the surfaces of the ferroelectric substrate; and a catalytically active material surmounting the surface of the ferroelectric substrate opposing the electrode; and subjecting the ferroelectric substrate to a controllable electric field to give rise to a modulation of the polarization of the ferroelectric substrate, whereby the modulation of the polarization controllably alters the activity of one or more chemical species on the catalytically active material.

Abstract: Provided are functionalized nanodiamonds. Also provided are methods for fabricating such functionalized nanodiamonds. Also provided are composites including nanodiamonds and polymers. Also provided are methods for fabricating such composites including nanodiamonds and polymers. Also provided are electrospun fibers including nanodiamonds and polymers. Also provided are methods for fabricating such electrospun fibers including nanodiamonds and polymers.

Abstract: Lost circulation of drilling fluid is one of the most serious and expensive problems facing the drilling industry. The present invention relates to an improved drilling fluid for reducing or preventing lost circulation to an underground formation surrounding a well bore in the process of drilling a well. The drilling fluid comprises a base fluid and wax or waxy substance as a primary seepage loss agent. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the seepage loss agent does not include particles having a blend of natural wax and synthetic wax together in a single particle. The invention also provides a method of reducing or preventing lost circulation to an underground formation surrounding a well bore in the process of drilling a well using the drilling fluid of the invention, wherein the primary seepage loss agent is added to the drilling fluid, either before or during drilling, and the drilling fluid is pumped down hole during drilling.

Abstract: Methods for dimerizing alpha-olefins utilizing immobilized buffered catalysts wherein the catalytic component is of the form (ligand)2-M-X2 where X is a halogen, M is selected from the group of Ti, Zr, and Hf and ligand is selected from the group consisting of cyclopentadienyl, substituted cyclopentadienyl, indenyl, and substituted indenyl, wherein the two ligands may be the same or different compound are provided.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to methods of producing fatty alcohols from recombinant host cells comprising genes encoding heterologous fatty acyl-CoA reductase (FAR) enzymes. The disclosure further relates to FAR enzymes and functional fragments thereof derived from marine bacterium and particularly marine gamma proteobacterium such as Marinobacter and Oceanobacter; polynucleotides encoding the FAR enzymes and vectors and host cells comprising the same.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a production method for a polyolefin, in which catalyst activity is improved, and a polyolefin such as a linear low density polyethylene can advantageously be industrially produced. The present invention relates to a production method for a polyolefin, in which in producing a polyolefin by the polymerization reaction of an olefin using a catalyst, an organohalide is present in the reaction system in an amount of from 0.05 to 10 ppm by weight in terms of the halogen atom as a concentration in a raw material olefin, and 1-hexene for linear low density polyethylene production raw material, containing an organohalide in an amount of from 0.05 to 10 ppm by weight in terms of the halogen atom.

Abstract: Processes and systems for stabilization and subsequent hydrogenation of an immiscible olefin are described. In certain embodiments, the hydrogenation is conducted in a fixed bed reactor in presence of a hydrogenation catalyst.

Abstract: A method according to one embodiment includes growing an organic crystal from solution, the organic crystal exhibiting a signal response signature for neutrons from a radioactive source. A system according to one embodiment includes an organic crystal having physical characteristics of formation from solution, the organic crystal exhibiting a signal response signature for neutrons from a radioactive source; and a photodetector for detecting the signal response of the organic crystal. A method according to another embodiment includes growing an organic crystal from solution, the organic crystal being large enough to exhibit a detectable signal response signature for neutrons from a radioactive source.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for producing aldehydes, alkanes, and alkenes are described herein. The aldehydes, alkanes, and alkenes can be used in biofuels.

Abstract: Disclosed are copolymers of carbon nanotubes, as well as processes and applications of carbon nanotube dispersions. Carbon nanotube emulsions and related technology are also disclosed. The controlled deposition of carbon nanotubes on substrates is also provided. Methods of purifying single-walled carbon nanotubes are also provided. Devices made according to the disclosed methods are further described herein.

Abstract: The method of fermentation with selected strains of B. trispora described in the present invention makes it possible to achieve lycopene yields higher than those currently described. The methods of isolation, purification and formulation are applicable to any natural source of lycopene, especially to submerged cultures of mucoral fungi of the genera Blakeslea, Choanephora, Phycomyces or Mucor. The method of extraction makes it possible to simplify the recovery process and increase the purity of the product, relative to the methods previously described. The methods of formulation provide high added value, since they make it possible to obtain stabilized preparations of lycopene for direct application in the food and pharmaceutical fields.

Abstract: A method of fractionating biomass, by permeability conditioning biomass suspended in a pH adjusted solution of at least one water-based polar solvent to form a conditioned biomass, intimately contacting the pH adjusted solution with at least one non-polar solvent, partitioning to obtain an non-polar solvent solution and a polar biomass solution, and recovering cell and cell derived products from the non-polar solvent solution and polar biomass solution. Products recovered from the above method. A method of operating a renewable and sustainable plant for growing and processing algae.

Abstract: The invention provides isolated nucleic acids and isolated polypeptides involved in the synthesis of hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon intermediates. Homologs of, conservative variants of, and sequences having at least about 35% sequence identity with nucleic acids involved in the synthesis of hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon intermediates are also provided. The invention further provides methods for producing an aliphatic ketone or a hydrocarbon, as well as a method for identifying an enzyme useful for the production of hydrocarbons.

Abstract: The invention relates to a medical device with a base body and a coating, wherein the coating exhibits film or lacquer-forming terpenoids. In addition, the coating of the medical device can exhibit at least one application-specific additive. The invention further relates to a method for manufacturing such a device.

Abstract: Isobutene, isoprene, and butadiene are obtained from mixtures of C4 and/or C5 olefins by dehydrogenation. The C4 and/or C5 olefins can be obtained by dehydration of C4 and C5 alcohols, for example, renewable C4 and C5 alcohols prepared from biomass by thermochemical or fermentation processes. Isoprene or butadiene can be polymerized to form polymers such as polyisoprene, polybutadiene, synthetic rubbers such as butyl rubber, etc. in addition, butadiene can be converted to monomers such as methyl methacrylate, adipic acid, adiponitrile, 1,4-butadiene, etc. which can then be polymerized to form nylons, polyesters, polymethylmethacrylate etc.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for removing COS and H2S from a feed synthesis gas stream comprising COS and H2S, the process comprising contacting the feed synthesis gas stream with solid adsorbent at a temperature in the range of from 100 to 240° C. to remove carbonyl sulphide and hydrogen sulphide, thereby obtaining a purified synthesis gas stream, wherein the solid adsorbent comprises one or more metals or oxides of the metals or combinations thereof and the metals are selected from the group of Ag, Sn, Mo, Fe and Zn.

Abstract: The invention relates to the preparation of one or more unbranched acyclic octatriene(s) by dimerization of 1,3-butadiene in the presence of a catalyst comprising a carbene ligand and an element of transition group VIII of the Periodic Table of the Elements as metal.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a catalyst composition comprises from about 5 weight percent to about 70 weight percent of silica-alumina; from about 30 weight percent to about 90 weight percent alumina; and from about 0.01 weight percent to about 2.0 weight percent of a group VIII metal. In another embodiment, a method for processing hydrocarbons comprises hydro-treating the hydrocarbons in the presence of a catalyst composition, wherein the catalyst comprises from about 5 weight percent to about 70 weight percent silica-alumina; from about 30 weight percent to about 90 weight percent alumina; and from about 0.01 weight percent to about 2.0 weight percent of a group VIII metal.

Abstract: A feedstock containing at least 1 wt % butenes, at least 1 wt % pentenes, at least 1 wt % hexenes, at least 10 wppm C4 dienes, at least 10 wppm C5 dienes, and optionally at least 10 wppm C6 dienes can be selectively hydrogenated over a catalyst (e.g., a noble metal) to form a stream containing 100 wppm to 4000 wppm total dienes. The hydrogenated stream, and an olefinic recycle stream having less than 10 wt. % C1+ moieties, can be contacted with a molecular sieve catalyst, e.g., at a recycle to feed ratio between 0.1 and 3.0, at a WHSV of at least 1.0 based on olefin in the feed, and at a reactor ?T no greater than 40° F. (22° C.), thus forming a reaction product that can then be separated into a distillate, e.g., having from 1 wt % to 30 wt % non-normal C9 olefins, and the aforementioned olefinic recycle stream.

Abstract: Triglyceride oils and fuel compositions derived therefrom are disclosed. In some embodiments the novel oils contain levels of medium chain fatty acids such as those having chain lengths of 8, 10, 12, and 14 carbon atoms. Also disclosed are biodiesel and alkane diesel fuels derived from the novel oils. Byproduct animal feeds from the process of manufacturing the novel oils are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for joining nanotubes end-to-end, includes contacting the nanotubes with a joining fluid. The joining fluid has at least one property that is different from at least one property associated with ends of the nanotubes. In one embodiment, the method further includes contacting the nanotubes with a first, treating fluid and removing the bulk first fluid before the nanotubes are contacted with the joining fluid. The joining fluid is immiscible in the treating fluid to effect end-to-end joining of the nanotubes.

Abstract: A process for determining ionic liquid catalyst deactivation including (a) collecting at least one sample of an ionic liquid catalyst; (b) hydrolyzing the at least one sample to provide at least one hydrolyzed sample; (c) titrating the at least one hydrolyzed sample with a basic reagent to determine a volume of the basic reagent necessary to neutralize a Lewis acid species of the ionic liquid catalyst; and (d) calculating the acid content of the at least one sample from the volume of basic reagent determined in step (c) is described. Processes incorporating such a process for determining ionic liquid catalyst deactivation are also described. These processes are an alkylation process, a process for controlling ionic liquid catalyst activity in a reaction producing by-product conjunct polymers, and a continuous process for maintaining the acid content of an ionic liquid catalyst at a target acid content in a reaction producing by-product conjunct polymers.

Abstract: A method of managing contrail formation of a gas turbine engine includes delivering an ultra-low sulfur fuel to a combustor of a gas turbine engine to limit an amount of sulfur byproduct produced in an exhaust of the gas turbine engine.

Abstract: A process for upgrading hydrocarbons comprising removal of C5 hydrocarbons from a feedstock, metathesizing said C5 hydrocarbons to C6+ and C4? hydrocarbons, and upgrading said C4? hydrocarbons is disclosed.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon fluid composition that comprises species of at least two different carbon numbers, an aerobic biodegradability of greater than 40% at 28 days, a cetane number of less than 60, and a certain boiling point range; and a process for making the hydrocarbon fluid composition.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for producing derivatives from cultured cells. In addition, the present invention provides methods for conversion of prenyl deerivatives, obtained from biological or petrochemical sources, to isoprene by employing chemical or biological catalysts. The present invention also provides compositions that include the cultured cells or isoprene or prenyl derivatives produced there from.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and systems for obtaining oil or a combustible gas from oil shale or coal, by subjecting oil shale or coal to microwave radiation for a time sufficient to at least partially decompose or extract oil, gas, or other carbon-containing materials from the oil shale and coal. The disclosed processes and systems use microwave radiation comprising at least one frequency component in the range of from about 4 GHz to about 18 GHz.

Abstract: The present invention provides fuel compositions comprising isoprene or renewable isoprene.

Abstract: A system and a process for providing acetylene, preferably at a high purity level (e.g., comprising 100 parts per million (“ppm”), or 10 ppm, or 1 ppm, or 100 parts per billion (“ppb”), or 10 ppb, or 1 ppb or less of solvent), to a point of use, such as a semiconductor manufacturing process, is described herein. In one aspect, there is provided a process for providing a process for providing a high purity acetylene comprising 100 ppm or less solvent to a point of use comprising: providing an acetylene feed stream comprising acetylene and solvent at a temperature ranging from 20° C. to ?50° C.; and introducing the acetylene feed stream to a purifier at a temperature ranging from ?50° C. to 30° C. to remove at least a portion of the solvent contained therein and provide the high purity acetylene.

Abstract: The invention features methods for producing isoprene from cultured cells wherein the cells in the stationary phase. The invention also provides compositions that include these cultured cells and/or increased amount of isoprene. The invention also provides for systems that include a non-flammable concentration of isoprene in the gas phase. Additionally, the invention provides isoprene compositions, such as compositions with increased amount of isoprene or increased purity.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and compositions for production of algal-based medium chain fatty acids and hydrocarbons.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds useful for preparing synthetic pheromone compositions that can be used as attractants or inhibitors of insect species. The compositions are useful in the control of navel orangeworm or meal moth insect pests.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing olefin codimers, the olefin codimers which can be obtained by this process, a process for preparing alcohols in which such olefin codimers are subjected to hydroformylation and subsequent hydrogenation, the alcohol mixtures which can be obtained in this way and their use.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for producing an oligomeric product by the oligomerisation of at least one olefinic compound in the form of an olefin or a compound including a carbon to carbon double bond, by contacting the at least one olefinic compound with an oligomerisation catalyst which includes the combination of a source of a transition metal, and a ligating compound of the formula (R1)mX1(Y)X2(R2)n.

Abstract: The present invention provides a photochromic compound that is colored when irradiated with visible light and quickly faded when set in a dark place. The photochromic compound according to the present invention is expressed by the following general formula (I): where each of A1, A2 and A3 is a five-member rings forming a 6?-electron system, the three rings being identical, partially identical or totally different from each other, and each ring may have a substituent; B1 and B2 are functional groups, each having an atomic number of five or larger, including a ring compound, and bonded to the 2-carbon of each of A2 and A3, respectively; and R1, R2 and R3 are substituents identical to or different from each other. This compound is highly colorable and durable even when it is dispersed into plastic macromolecular materials. Therefore, it is suitable as a dye material for sunglasses or similar products.

Abstract: Provided herein compositions and methods for producing isoprenoids, including squalene. In certain aspects and embodiments provided are genetically altered yeast and uses therefore. In some aspects and embodiments, the genetically altered yeast produce isoprenoids, preferably squalene. The genetically altered yeast may have alterations in the expression or activity of enzymes involved in squalene production. for example, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (or “ACCase”), HMG-CoA reductase, squalene epoxidase, and squalene synthase. One or more genes of a genetically altered yeast may be modified by gene repair oligonucleobases. Also are provided methods of producing squalene using a genetically altered yeast. The invention also provides squalene produced by genetically altered yeast.

Abstract: A process for controlling the concurrent production of both diesel range hydrocarbons and aviation range hydrocarbons from renewable feedstocks such as plant oils and animal oils. The process involves determining the required specification of the desired products and the desired relative yields of the product that still meet the required specifications. The necessary isomerization and selective hydrocracking zone conditions are determined in order to create a mixture of paraffins which meet the required product specifications and yields. The necessary fractionation zone conditions are determined to separate the desired products.

Abstract: A saturated hydrocarbon compound is brought into contact at least with a first adsorbent and a second adsorbent to obtain a liquid for immersion exposure containing the saturated hydrocarbon compound with a purity of 99.5 wt % or more.

Abstract: The present invention is drawn to the use of alkanes that are highly transparent to UV wavelengths ranging from about 170 nm to 260 nm in optical couplants, optical cements, optical elements, optical inspection media for semiconductor wafers and devices, and immersion photolithography, particularly at 193 and 248 nm exposure wavelength.

Abstract: A conducting polymer including a conducting linker to connect a probe to the polymer, the linker including an unsaturated organic chain.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of storing hydrogen that employs a mixture of hydrogen and a hydrocarbon that can both be used as fuel. In one embodiment, the method involves maintaining a mixture including hydrogen and a hydrocarbon in the solid state at ambient pressure and a temperature in excess of about 10 K.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for the storage of acetylene include providing an acetylene storage device which has an interior volume. A carbonaceous adsorbent is disposed in the interior volume of the storage device, and acetylene is introduced into the storage device to be reversibly adsorbed by the carbonaceous adsorbent. A pressure of less than 2 bar is maintained in the storage device.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for producing triterpenoid compounds, e.g., squalene, are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the preparation of 3-methylbut-1-ene from a hydrocarbon stream I comprising isobutene by feeding a hydrocarbon stream II which comprises at least 70% by mass of isobutene in relation to the olefins present in the hydrocarbon stream and which has been obtained from hydrocarbon stream I or is identical to it to a process step for hydroformylation in which isobutene is hydroformylated in the presence of a rhodium catalyst, hydrogenating the aldehyde obtained from the hydroformylation of isobutene to the corresponding alcohol and preparing 3-methylbut-1-ene by water elimination from the alcohol.

Abstract: Cycloalkane base oil, methods of making cycloalkane base oil, and dielectric liquid comprising cycloalkane base oil, the cycloalkane base oil comprising a quantity of isoparaffins and from 50 wt. % to 70 wt. % cycloalkanes having the formula CnH2n wherein n is from 15 to 30, said quantity of isoparaffins being less than 50 wt. % of said cycloalkane base oil.

Abstract: A multifunctional, high-performance hydrocarbon composition is demanded.

Abstract: The present invention provides a high-performance organic EL device and a novel compound used for the device. The novel compound of the present invention is a fluoranthene compound having a specific structure. The organic EL device of the present invention is an organic EL device comprising: an anode; a cathode; and an organic compound layer interposed between the anode and the cathode, wherein the organic compound layer has the fluoranthene compound.