Abstract: A catalyst support comprising at least 95% silicon carbide, having surface areas of ?10 m2/g and pore volumes of ?1 cc/g. A method of producing a catalyst support, the method including mixing SiC particles of 0.1-20 microns, SiO2 and carbonaceous materials to form an extrusion, under inert atmospheres, heating the extrusion at temperatures of greater than 1400° C., and removing residual carbon from the heated support under temperatures below 1000° C. A catalyst on a carrier, comprising a carrier support having at least about 95% SiC, with a silver solution impregnated thereon comprising silver oxide, ethylenediamine, oxalic acid, monoethanolamine and cesium hydroxide. A process for oxidation reactions (e.g., for the production of ethylene oxide, or oxidation reactions using propane or methane), or for endothermic reactions (e.g., dehydrogenation of paraffins, of ethyl benzene, or cracking and hydrocracking hydrocarbons).

Abstract: A system for continuously treating recycled polymeric material includes a hopper configured to feed the recycled polymeric material into the system. An extruder can turn the recycled polymeric material in a molten material. In some embodiments, the extruder uses thermal fluids, electric heaters, and/or a separate heater. The molten material is depolymerized in a reactor. In some embodiments, a catalyst is used to aid in depolymerizing the material. In certain embodiments, the catalyst is contained in a permeable container. The depolymerized molten material can then be cooled via a heat exchanger. In some embodiments, multiple reactors are used. In certain embodiments, these reactors are connected in series. In some embodiments, the reactor(s) contain removable static mixer(s) and/or removable annular inserts.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for refining waste plastic pyrolysis oil has an effect of converting the waste plastic pyrolysis oil into high value-added hydrocarbon oil having a high content of naphtha and kerosene, lowering a content of impurities such as chlorine, nitrogen, oxygen, and metal of the hydrocarbon oil, operating under milder process conditions, having excellent process efficiency, and having high process stability to be able to continuously produce refined oil.

Abstract: There is provided a method for separation of fibers in for instance recycled textile, starting with a mixture comprising cellulose fibers and non-cellulose fibers and then reducing the cellulose chain length of the cellulose fibers so that the limiting viscosity number determined according to ISO 5351 is in the interval 200-900 ml/g, mechanically breaking agglomerates of fibers into smaller pieces, adjusting the concentration of fibers to 0.1-4 wt %, and subjecting the mixture to flotation to remove the non-cellulose fibers. Non-cellulosic fibers such as synthetic fibers can be removed very specifically without or essentially without removing cellulose fibers in the mixture. This gives a very high degree of removal and simultaneously the yield is kept high because no or only few cellulose fibers are removed.

Abstract: A process for preparing hydrocarbons from an oxygenated hydrocarbon feedstock, such as animal fat, having a high nitrogen impurity is described. Hydrotreatment of the oxygenated feedstock occurs in a first hydrotreating bed arranged downstream of a polishing bed. A gaseous phase is removed and the liquid hydrotreated phase is fed to the polishing bed arranged upstream of the first hydrotreating bed together with fresh hydrogen. The process effectively removes nitrogen impurities from the resultant hydrocarbon product causing an improved cloud point after isomerisation, and the arrangement makes efficient use of fresh hydrogen for polishing, providing a polished hydrocarbon product rich in dissolved hydrogen. Part of the product can be used as hydrocarbon diluent in the downstream hydrotreating bed, and/or withdrawn between the polishing and hydrotreating bed and isomerised in an isomerisation reactor.

Abstract: A process the production of a crude liquid lignin oil (CLO), the process includes the steps of providing a lignin-rich solid feedstock and subjecting the lignin-rich solid feedstock to a treatment in a polar organic solvent in the absence of an effective amount of added reaction promoter, such as a heterogeneous and/or homogeneous catalyst and/or hydrogen, and providing a lignin composition, the treatment includes a step of contacting the lignin-rich solid feedstock with a polar organic solvent under operating conditions of an operating temperature up to 210° C., an operating pressure lower than 50 bar and a residence time up to 240 minutes, wherein the ratio (w/v) of lignin (in lignin-rich feedstock) to polar organic solvent ranges between 1:1.5 and 1:15, or between 1:2 and 1:10 or between 1:2 and 1:5.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods and systems for co-processing a hydrocarbon feed in an FCC system with a second feed of a biomass-derived pyrolysis oil and a third feed of a plastic-derived pyrolysis oil and/or lubricant. A method of co-processing fluid catalytic cracking feeds, includes: introducing a hydrocarbon feed to a fluid catalytic cracking reactor, wherein the hydrocarbon feed comprises hydrocarbons; introducing a biomass feed to the fluid catalytic cracking reactor wherein the biomass feed comprises a biomass-derived pyrolysis oil; introducing a waste feed to the fluid catalytic cracking reactor, wherein the waste feed comprises a plastic, a plastic-derived pyrolysis oil, a lubricant, or a combination thereof; and reacting at least the hydrocarbon feed, the biomass feed, and the waste feed in the presence of one or more fluid catalytic cracking catalysts in the fluid catalytic cracking reactor to produce cracked products.

Abstract: A process for preparing hydrocarbons from an oxygenated hydrocarbon feedstock, such as animal fat, having a high nitrogen impurity is described. Hydrotreatment of the oxygenated feedstock occurs in a first hydrotreating bed arranged downstream of a polishing bed. A gaseous phase is removed and the liquid hydrotreated phase is fed to the polishing bed arranged upstream of the first hydrotreating bed together with fresh hydrogen. The process effectively removes nitrogen impurities from the resultant hydrocarbon product causing an improved cloud point after isomerisation, and the arrangement makes efficient use of fresh hydrogen for polishing, providing a polished hydrocarbon product rich in dissolved hydrogen. Part of the product can be used as hydrocarbon diluent in the downstream hydrotreating bed, and/or withdrawn between the polishing and hydrotreating bed and isomerised in an isomerisation reactor.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes biocatalytic processes for producing a product, comprising providing an aqueous stream (AS) comprising at least one fermentable substrate and a gaseous stream (GS) comprising at least one of CO2/H2, H2, methane, and/or CO to a fermentation zone, wherein the GS and AS stream are optionally contacted and/or mixed; the fermentation zone comprising at least one organism capable of metabolizing an AS substrate and a GS substrate, wherein the fermentation operates at conditions to mixotrophically metabolize at least one gaseous substrate in the GS and at least one substrate in the AS, producing the product.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method, an apparatus, and a computer program product for edge node autonomy. For a first edge node of a plurality of edge nodes in a federation in a distributed computing framework, one or more processors receive a request to be sent to a central node in the distributed computing framework. The one or more processors determine whether the federation is connected to the central node. In response to determining that the federation is not connected to the central node, the one or more processors determine whether a controller capable of processing the request is available in the federation. In response to determining that the controller capable of processing the request is available in the federation, the one or more processors notify the controller to process the request.

Abstract: A process is provided for producing a liquid hydrocarbon material suitable for use as a fuel or as a blending component in a fuel. The process includes co-processing a pyrolysis oil derived from a waste plastic raw material and a biorenewable feedstock comprising triglycerides in a catalytic cracking process in a presence of a solid catalyst at catalytic cracking conditions to provide a cracking product. The cracking product may be fractionated to provide at least one of a gasoline fraction and a middle distillate fraction.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for performing hydrodeoxygenation of bio-derived feeds while maintaining the hydrodeoxygenation catalyst in a sulfided state. During hydrodeoxygenation, a hydrogen-containing stream is provided to the hydrodeoxygenation reactor as a hydrogen treat gas to provide hydrogen for the reaction. In some aspects, the hydrogen treat gas used for hydrodeoxygenation can be formed at least in part from hydrogen that has been used as a stripping gas for removing H2S from a rich amine stream. In other aspects, H2S can be stripped using water vapor, and a resulting overhead HS stream can be compressed prior to incorporation of the H2S into a hydrogen-containing stream. The resulting hydrogen-containing stream can include sufficient H2S to substantially maintain the catalyst in the hydrodeoxygenation stage in a sulfided state.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for producing renewable diesel. Disclosed herein is an example method of method for integration of product separation in renewable diesel production, including: stripping a hydrotreated effluent stream comprising hydrotreated biofeedstock to remove isomerization contaminants and form at least an isomerization feed stream and a first gas stream; contacting an isomerization effluent with the first gas stream such that the isomerization effluent adsorbs at least C4+ hydrocarbons from the first gas stream; and stripping at least a portion of an isomerization effluent in an integrated stripper while separated from the stripping the hydrocarbon stream by a dividing wall to remove hydrocarbons having 10 carbons or less and form at least a product stream and a second gas stream, wherein the product stream comprises renewable diesel.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of producing industrial products from plant lipids, particularly from vegetative parts of plants. In particular, the present invention provides oil products such as biodiesel and synthetic diesel and processes for producing these, as well as plants having an increased level of one or more non-polar lipids such as triacylglycerols and an increased total non-polar lipid content. In one particular embodiment, the present invention relates to combinations of modifications in two or more of lipid handling enzymes, oil body proteins, decreased lipid catabolic enzymes and/or transcription factors regulating lipid biosynthesis to increase the level of one or more non-polar lipids and/or the total non-polar lipid content and/or mono-unsaturated fatty acid content in plants or any part thereof. In an embodiment, the present invention relates to a process for extracting lipids.

Abstract: A system and method for processing sewage sludge using pyrolysis to eliminate and/or significantly reduce organic chemical compounds, including plastics, and to produce a biochar product that is safe for beneficial uses is provided. The system and method can utilize pyrolysis to treat sewage sludge which dramatically reduces or eliminates regulated and unregulated synthetic organic chemical compounds in the resultant biochar.

Abstract: In accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, a multi-stage process for upgrading pyrolysis oil comprising polyaromatic compounds to benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) includes upgrading the pyrolysis oil in a slurry-phase reactor zone to produce intermediate products, wherein the slurry-phase reactor zone comprises a mixed metal oxide catalyst; and hydrocracking the intermediate products in a fixed-bed reactor zone to produce the BTEX, wherein the fixed-bed reactor zone comprises a mesoporous zeolite-supported metal catalyst.

Abstract: A distillation apparatus for use in microwave-assisted pyrolysis includes a microwave, a pyrolysis reactor, a microwave-absorbent bed, and a condenser. The pyrolysis reactor is located within the microwave and configured to receive a liquid input stream and to output a vapor. The microwave-absorbent bed is located within the pyrolysis reactor that converts microwave energy provided by the microwave to thermal energy to initiate pyrolysis within the pyrolysis reactor, wherein the pyrolysis reactor provides a vapor output. The condenser is configured to receive the vapor output of the pyrolysis reactor and to cool and condense the vapor into a recoverable product.

Abstract: In accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, a multi-stage process for upgrading pyrolysis oil comprising polyaromatic compounds to benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) includes upgrading the pyrolysis oil in a slurry-phase reactor zone to produce intermediate products, wherein the slurry-phase reactor zone comprises a mixed metal oxide catalyst; and hydrocracking the intermediate products in a fixed-bed reactor zone to produce the BTEX, wherein the fixed-bed reactor zone comprises a mesoporous zeolite-supported metal catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for processing reusable fuel wherein the apparatus comprises a support body and a plurality of augers disposed within the support body. The augers may be configured to rotate against a vapor flow to clean carbon char from vapors comprising condensable and non-condensable hydrocarbons. A drive system may be connected to drive and control the plurality of augers. An exhaust system is connected to the support body. A gearbox housing is connected to the exhaust system, wherein the drive system is accommodated in the gearbox housing. A ventilation system is disposed within the gearbox housing. Additionally, a thermal expansion system may be connected to the support body.

Abstract: A closure device for a bulk material system is provided, specifically for regulating a flow of heat transfer particles. The closure device includes a bulk material guide which has a first opening for connection to the bulk material system and a second opening for the discharge of a bulk material guided by the bulk material system, and a closure blade which is rotatably mounted about an axis of rotation. The closure blade, in a first rotational position, closes the second opening and, in a second rotational position, at least partially uncovers the second opening. The closure blade is mounted in such a manner to reduce jamming of the closure device in operation.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to marine fuel compositions having low sulfur content and processes for making such compositions.

Abstract: Described is a novel process for fractionating biomass pyrolysis oil quantitatively into energy dense hydrophobic aromatic fraction and water-soluble organics in an economical and energy efficient manner. Using the concepts of solvents and anti-solvent behaviours to separate the pyrolysis oil, which is an emulsion, a method utilising minimal quantities of solvents and water is proposed, By comparison with the existing methods to isolate the hydrophobic aromatic fraction, there is a volume reduction of greater than 50:1. Additionally, there is a significant time saving over the 24 hours for the accepted method as a solvent, and the anti-solvent system is spontaneous.

Abstract: A system and method for processing sewage sludge using pyrolysis to eliminate and/or significantly reduce organic chemical compounds, including plastics, and to produce a biochar product that is safe for beneficial uses is provided. The system and method can utilize pyrolysis to treat sewage sludge which dramatically reduces or eliminates regulated and unregulated synthetic organic chemical compounds in the resultant biochar.

Abstract: Systems and methods in accordance with the present invention provide for the efficient distillation of ethanol in an ethanol plant including a beer column. Heat is captured in the distillation process and utilized to drive operations in the ethanol plant.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of producing industrial products from plant lipids, particularly from vegetative parts of plants. In particular, the present invention provides oil products such as biodiesel and synthetic diesel and processes for producing these, as well as plants having an increased level of one or more non-polar lipids such as triacylglycerols and an increased total non-polar lipid content. In one particular embodiment, the present invention relates to combinations of modifications in two or more of lipid handling enzymes, oil body proteins, decreased lipid catabolic enzymes and/or transcription factors regulating lipid biosynthesis to increase the level of one or more non-polar lipids and/or the total non-polar lipid content and/or mono-unsaturated fatty acid content in plants or any part thereof. In an embodiment, the present invention relates to a process for extracting lipids.

Abstract: A process for improving high aspect ratio cellulose filament blends comprising the steps of: a) providing a blend of cellulose nano-filaments or blend of cellulose micro-filaments; b) diluting the blend of cellulose nano-filaments or the blend of cellulose micro-filaments to a target consistency; c) fractionating the diluted blend of cellulose nano-filaments or the diluted blend of cellulose micro-filaments from the step c); and, d) collecting the fraction of the diluted blend of cellulose nano-filaments or the diluted blend of cellulose micro-filaments from the step c) having an average length of greater than at least about 25 ?m.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of heating and cooling a feed mixture in a continuous high pressure process for transforming carbonaceous materials into liquid hydrocarbon products in a high pressure processing system adapted for processing a feed mixture at a temperature of at least 340° C.

Abstract: A hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) system can comprise a biomass slurry source, a first pump in fluid communication with the slurry source and configured to pressurize a biomass slurry stream from the slurry source to a first pressure, a first heat exchanger in fluid communication with the first pump and configured to heat a slurry stream received from the first pump to a first temperature, a second pump in fluid communication with the first heat exchanger and configured to pressurize a slurry stream received from the first heat exchanger to a second pressure higher than the first pressure, a second heat exchanger in fluid communication with the second pump and configured to heat a slurry stream received from the second pump to a second temperature higher than the first temperature, and a HTL reactor configured to produce biocrude from a slurry stream received from the second heat exchanger.

Abstract: A method for recovering hydrogen which is capable of efficiently recovering high concentration hydrogen gas by adsorbing and removing hydrocarbon gas such as carbon dioxide from biomass pyrolysis gas under a relatively low pressure, and also capable of storing the recovered high concentration hydrogen gas, preferably, in a cartridge type container that can be used as is as a hydrogen storing container for an apparatus equipped with a fuel cell. The method includes a first purifying stare of purifying biomass pyrolysis gas and a second purifying stage of purifying the obtained purified gas under a pressure equal to or less than the pressure in the first purifying stage to recover gas that contains hydrogen, and further includes a hydrogen storing stage of feeding the gas containing hydrogen recovered in the second purifying stage into the container filled with a hydrogen storage alloy and storing high purity hydrogen.

Abstract: A copolymer may include ethylene and vinyl acetate, in which the ethylene is at least partially obtained from a renewable source of carbon. Embodiments may also be directed to curable polymer compositions, expandable polymer compositions, articles, cured articles, and expanded articles formed from or including such copolymers of ethylene and vinyl acetate, in which the ethylene is at least partially obtained from a renewable source of carbon. A process for producing an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer may include polymerizing ethylene at least partially obtained from a renewable source of carbon with vinyl acetate to produce the ethylene vinyl actate copolymer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing liquid hydrocarbon products from a biomass, biomass containing and/or biomass-derived feedstock, said process comprising the steps of: a) contacting the feedstock with a first hydropyrolysis catalyst composition and molecular hydrogen in a first hydropyrolysis reactor vessel at a temperature in the range of from 350 to 600° C. and a pressure in the range of from 0.50 to 7.

Abstract: Apparatus and process for producing hydrocarbons from biomass having a pyrolysis reactor (2) in which dry biomass (Bd) is heated in an environment substantially free from oxygen and halogens, a pyrolysis product (PP) and char (C) is produced, a gasification reactor (3) in which separated char (C) is heated in an environment containing steam (Wst) to reduce the char (C) to produce a synthesis gas (Sh), a gas cooler (4) in which the produced synthesis gas (Sh) is cooled to a cooled synthesis gas (Srt); a conditioning and pressure system (5) in which cooled synthesis gas (Srt) is refined to produce a purified synthesis gas (Sp), and a separation device (6) in which hydrogen gas (H2) is separated from purified synthesis gas (Sp).

Abstract: Paraffin compositions including mainly even carbon number paraffins, and a method for manufacturing the same, is disclosed herein. In one embodiment, the method involves contacting naturally occurring fatty acid/glycerides with hydrogen in a slurry bubble column reactor containing bimetallic catalysts with equivalent particle diameters from about 10 to about 400 micron. The even carbon number compositions are particularly useful as phase change material.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for synthesizing an internal ketone K1 by decarboxylative ketonization reaction of a fatty acid, a fatty acid derivative or a mixture thereof in a liquid phase with a metal compound as catalyst in a reaction medium, said process being characterized in that a ketone K2 at liquid state, which is identical or similar to the ketone K1, is introduced into the reaction medium. The so-synthesized internal ketone K1 can be used for the preparation of a variety of end compounds, including surfactants having a twin-tail structure or a Gemini structure.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a process to reduce total acid number (TAN) of a heat transfer fluid. The process comprises contacting the heat transfer fluid with an adsorbent composition at a temperature in the range of 50° C. to 350° C. and a pressure in the range of 1 bar to 10 bar to obtain a treated heat transfer fluid having total acid number (TAN) in the range of 0.003 to 0.03 and pH in the range of 6 to 7.5, wherein the adsorbent composition is provided in a fixed bed and the heat transfer fluid is passed through the fixed bed comprising the adsorbent composition at a liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) in the range of 0.5 per hour to 10 per hour.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of olefinic compounds that can be used for the production of detergents, additives, lubricants and/or plastic materials, or components which can be used in the field of oil explorations and productions, and a hydrocarbon fuel or a fraction thereof, which comprises subjecting a mixture of glycerides having at least one unsaturated hydrocarbon chain, to metathesis reaction and, after separating the olefinic mixture obtained, effecting a hydrodeoxygenation and subsequently hydroisomerization process, so as to obtain the hydrocarbon fuel or a fraction thereof.

Abstract: The methods described herein provide an efficient way to remove and isolate short chain fatty acids from hydrocarbons that are produced upon the heating of a fatty acid resource. The short chain fatty acids can be continuously isolated and fed into the pyrolysis reactor, which in turn increases the overall efficiency of the production of the hydrocarbons. Alternatively, the short chain fatty acids can be isolated and used in other applications.

Abstract: A process for purifying an olefinic feedstock containing olefins with 4 carbon atoms and impurities including isobutanal, ethanol and acetone, the process including a pre-treatment containing at least one step of eliminating the ethanol and the water present in the olefinic feedstock and a step of simultaneously eliminating the isobutanal and the acetone, by passing the feedstock from the pre-treatment over at least one fixed bed of at least one adsorbent containing at least one material with a zeolite framework, the material with a zeolite framework being chosen from zeolites, AIPOs, SAPOs and mixtures thereof; the step of simultaneously eliminating the isobutanal and the acetone being carried out at a temperature of between 0 and 200° C., at a pressure of 0.1 to 10 MPa and with an hourly space velocity of the feedstock over the fixed bed of 0.1 to 10 h?1.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for production of a fuel composition, more specifically a middle distillate fuel composition, and a composition—in particular a co feed composition comprising a furanyl containing oligomerisation composition admixed with one or more material component comprising fatty acids or fatty acid derivatives and the use of such composition.

Abstract: Process for the production of bio-oil from biomass comprising the following steps: (a) feeding a biomass to a liquefaction reactor, said biomass having a protein content higher than or equal to 1% by weight, preferably ranging from 5% by weight to 50% by weight, with respect to the weight (dry weight) of said biomass, a lipid content higher than or equal to 1% by weight, preferably ranging from 5% by weight to 60% by weight, with respect to the weight (dry weight) of said biomass, a pH higher than or equal to 4, preferably ranging from 4.5 to 10; (b) subjecting said biomass to liquefaction operating at a temperature ranging from 220° C. to 350° C., preferably ranging from 230° C. to 310° C., even more preferably ranging from 240° C. to 300° C.

Abstract: Methods to convert an oxygen containing organic compound(s) to one or more water-free liquid hydrocarbons products. They make use of a catalytic process in a two-stage reactor system having a first reactor and a second reactor in series. Process design is described for effective conversion of aqueous low energy-dense aqueous solutions containing oxygen containing organic compound(s) to liquid hydrocarbons; the process design preferably employs the solid acid catalysts comprised of microporous aluminosilicates denoted as zeolites mixed with silicon carbide binder in series of two reactor system with capability of complete water removal.

Abstract: A process for cleaning and beneficiating biomass is described which may allow removal of entrained salts and light volatiles from biomass materials. The process may also minimize energy use through capturing steam and flue gases for re-use. The process may generally comprise the following steps: prewashing and/or preheating a biomass, pressurizing the biomass in a steam explosion vessel, rapidly depressurizing the steam explosion vessel, releasing the steam from the steam explosion vessel entrained with fine lignin-enriched particles into a cyclone-type gas expansion vessel, routing the steam from the gas expansion vessel to the input hopper, subjecting the biomass to a second washing step, mechanically removing a portion of the water from the biomass, and evaporatively heating the biomass.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a pyrolysis method. The method involves providing a biomass and subjecting the biomass, in a reactor operating under conditions of parasitic heat loss of less than 1% of the biomass' chemical energy content, to partial oxidation where, during steady state operation of the reactor, oxygen is provided to the reactor in sufficient quantity to achieve an equivalence ratio of 0.06 to 0.15 to release sufficient energy to support endothermic pyrolysis reactions and produce condensable organic compounds as the major portion of the pyrolysis products.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the manufacture of diesel range hydrocarbons wherein a feed is hydrotreated in a hydrotreating step and isomerised in an isomerisation step, and a feed comprising fresh feed containing more than 5 wt % of free fatty acids and at least one diluting agent is hydrotreated at a reaction temperature of 200-400° C., in a hydrotreating reactor in the presence of catalyst, and the ratio of the diluting agent/fresh feed is 5-30:1.

Abstract: The invention provides a catalyst system and method for the deoxygenation of hydrocarbons, such as bio-oil, using a sulphide-sulfate or an oxide-carbonate (LDH) system. The invention extends to a pyrolysis process of a carbonaceous bio-mass wherein a first combustion zone is carried out in one or more combustion fluidised beds in which a particulate material including chemically looping deoxygenation catalyst particles is fluidised and heated, and a second pyrolysis zone carried out in one or more pyrolysis fluidised beds in which the hot particles, including the catalyst particles, heated in the combustion zone are used for pyrolysis of the bio-mass, said combustion zone being operated at a temperature of from 250° C. to 1100° C., typically around 900° C., and the pyrolysis zone being operated at a temperature of from 250° C. to 900° C., typically 450° C. to 600° C.

Abstract: A method for producing hydrocarbons from glycerol. The method includes packing a catalyst comprising a noble metal and a support material into a reactor, introducing a reactant mixture containing glycerol into the reactor such that the reactant mixture containing methane is in close contact with the reactant mixture, and heating the reactant mixture containing glycerol to a temperature for a contact time.

Abstract: Various techniques are disclosed for pretreating municipal solid waste (MSW) and other biomass-containing feedstocks that may be of a poorer quality and consequently more difficult, or even impossible, to convert to higher value liquid products (e.g., transportation fuels) using conventional processes. Such conventional processes may otherwise be satisfactory for the conversion of the biomass portion of the feedstock alone. The pretreatment of biomass-containing feedstocks may generally include steps carried out prior to a hydropyrolysis step and optionally further steps, in order to change one or more characteristics of the feedstock, rendering it more easily upgradable.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods, reactor systems and catalysts for converting biomass and biomass-derived feedstocks to C8+ hydrocarbons using heterogenous catalysts. The product stream may be separated and further processed for use in chemical applications, or as a neat fuel or a blending component in jet fuel and diesel fuel, or as heavy oils for lubricant and/or fuel oil applications.

Abstract: Biomass is converted into a bio-oil containing stream in a riser reactor containing a cooling media. The cooling media quenches the rapid heat transfer to the biomass during cracking of the biomass in the mixing zone of the riser. By lowering the temperature to which the mixing zone effluent is exposed, production of carbon monoxide and light gases is decreased during thermolysis of the biomass.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for processing reusable fuel wherein the apparatus comprises a support body and a plurality of augers disposed within the support body. The augers may be configured to rotate against a vapor flow to clean carbon char from vapors comprising condensable and non-condensable hydrocarbons. A drive system may be connected to drive and control the plurality of augers. An exhaust system is connected to the support body. A gearbox housing is connected to the exhaust system, wherein the drive system is accommodated in the gearbox housing. A ventilation system is disposed within the gearbox housing. Additionally, a thermal expansion system may be connected to the support body.