Abstract: 3-Carene and limonene cannot be separated from each other by rectification because of the closeness of their boiling points. They are readily separated by extractive distillation. Effective agents are: diethylene glycol phenyl ether, nonyl phenol, tripropylene glycol methyl ether, ethyl salicylate, 4-ethylphenol and 2-phenoxyethanol.

Abstract: Metallocene complexes of the general formula I ##STR1## where the substituents Y, M, x, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.6, R.sup.7, R.sup.8, and R.sup.9 are as described in the disclosure, and ligand systems of the general formula II ##STR2## as intermediates.

Abstract: 3-Carene and limonene cannot be separated from each other by rectification because of the closeness of their boiling points. They are readily separated by azeotropic distillation. Effective agents are: cyclopentanol, 2-nitropropane, ethyl formate amyl acetate dimethyl carbonate, tetrahydrofuran, acetic acid and 2-amino-amethyl-1-propanol.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing biscyclopentadienyl compounds of the general formula(CpR.sub.a).sub.2 --Qby reaction of CpR.sub.a, in a first step, in accordance with the general equation2CpR.sub.a +(R.sup.3 R.sup.4).sub.c Mg.fwdarw.(CpR.sub.a).sub.2 Mg+cR.sup.3 H+cR.sup.4 Hand further reaction in accordance with the general equation(CpR.sub.a).sub.2 Mg+XQX.sup.1 .fwdarw.(CpR.sub.a).sub.2 Q+MgXX.sup.

Abstract: The magnesium complexes of cyclic hydrocarbons containing conjugated dienes, such as 1,2-dimethylenecycloalkanes, and 1,3-butadienes, are readily prepared in high yields using highly reactive magnesium. Reactions of these (2-butene-1,4 diyl)magnesium reagents with electrophiles such as dibromoalkanes, alkylditosylates, alkylditriflates, bromoalkylnitriles, esters, or amides serve as a convenient method for synthesizing carbocyclic systems. Significantly, carbocycles prepared by this method contain functional groups such as the exocyclic double bond or a keto group in one of the rings which could be used for further elaboration of these molecules. Furthermore, fused bicyclic systems containing a substituted five-membered ring can be conveniently prepared at high temperatures by the reactions of (2-butene-1,4-diyl)magnesium complexes with carboxylic esters or acid halides whereas low temperatures lead to regioselective synthesis of .beta.,.gamma.-unsaturated ketones. Additionally, .gamma.

Abstract: There is provided a process for preparing tercyclohexane by reacting benzene with hydrogen. The process involves the use of a catalyst comprising an acidic solid and a hydrogenation component. The acidic solid may comprise a Group IVB metal oxide, such as zirconia, modified with an oxyanion of a Group VIB metal, such as tungsten. The hydrogenation component may comprise platinum.

Abstract: The invention provides a two-step process for converting cyclopentadiene dimer to a high density fuel mixture comprising the steps of:(a) reacting said cyclopentadiene dimer in the presence of a solid catalyst comprising a porous crystalline material having a Constraint Index of from about 0.1 to about 12 under oligomerization/isomerization conditions to convert at least a portion of said cyclopentadiene dimer to a normally liquid intermediate product containing cyclopentadiene trimer, cyclopentadiene tetramer, and the isomerized and oligomerized products derived from the reaction of at least three cyclopentadiene monomer units;(b) hydrogenating said normally liquid intermediate product of step (a) in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst to form a normally liquid high energy density fuel.

Abstract: Hydroxy-substituted-bis-phenyl cyclopropanes of formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are selected from H or OH, at least one of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 being o, m or p-OH, are useful as monomers to provide cross-linkable polymers useful in fiber reinforced plastics, thermosetting molding compounds, elastomers, advanced composites and other applications; the compounds (I) may be produced by the base catalyzed decomposition of a pyrazoline of formula (II): ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are as defined hereinbefore.

Abstract: A process for improving the traction coefficient between at least two relatively rotatable elements having tractive surfaces in a torque transmitting relationship which comprises introducing between the tractive surfaces of the elements a traction drive fluid comprising, as the active component, a hydrocarbon compound having a bicylo octane skeleton.

Abstract: A process of preparing cyclopentadiene or substituted cyclopentadienes, such as tetramethylcyclopentadiene. The process involves contacting under reaction conditions cyclopentenol or a substituted cyclopentenol with a catalyst selected from (1) crystalline and amorphous aluminum phosphates, (2) aluminophosphate molecular sieves, and (3) silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieves. The process produces cyclopentadienes in high isolated yields.

Abstract: alpha-Phellandrene is difficult to separate from d-limonene by conventional distillation or rectification because of the proximity of their boiling points. alpha-Phellandrene can be readily separated from d-limonene by azeotropic distillation. Effective agents are n-butyl acetate and sulfolane.

Abstract: alpha-Phellandrene is difficult to separate from 3-carene by conventional distillation or rectification because of the proximity of their boiling points. alpha-phellandrene can be readily separated from 3-carene by azeotropic distillation. Effective agents are methyl formate, nitroethane and acetal.

Abstract: There are provided enantiomerically enhanced chiral substituted cyclopentadienyl ligands, and compounds thereof, and a process for their making comprising contacting an optionally substituted fulvene having a prochiral carbon 6 with a lithium salt of an amine, amino acid or amide to effectuate enantioselective hydride addition to the carbon 6 of the fulvene so as to create a chiral center. There are further provided enantiomerically enhanced chiral organometallic complexes having one or more chiral substituted cyclopentadienyl groups.

Abstract: A traction drive fluid composition comprising a hydrocarbon having a bicyclo octane skeleton, such as a bicyclo(3,2,1) octane skeleton, a bicyclo(2,2,2)octane skeleton or a bicyclo(3,3,0)octane skeleton. The traction drive fluid has a low viscosity and has a high traction coefficient over a wide temperature range.

Abstract: There are provided enantiomerically enhanced chiral substituted cyclopentadienyl ligands and compounds thereof, and a process for their making comprising contacting a substituted fulvene or derivative thereof with an enantiomerically enhanced or pure nucleophile having at least one chiral center. There are further provided enantiomerically enhanced chiral organometallic complexes having one or more chiral substituted cyclopentadienyl groups.

Abstract: A composition comprises a physical mixture of (i) and oxide of molybdenum and/or tungsten supported by a silica-containing material and (ii) a pillared interlayered clay. This composition is used as catalyst in the conversion of C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 monoolefins to C.sub.5 -C.sub.12 hydrocarbons.

Abstract: Chiral phosphorus-containing ligands comprising at least one amine radical and at least one dihydrocarbylphosphinoxy radical of the formula W=OP (R).sub.2, in which R is a hydrocarbon radical selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, and cycloalkyl radicals, wherein the ligand is selected from the group consisting of:those of the formula ##STR1## those of the formula ##STR2## those of the formula ##STR3## those of the formula ##STR4## in which formulae: R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom and hydrocarbon radicals;R.sub.3 and R.sub.4, which must be different from one another, are selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom and hydrocarbon radicals that may or may not carry at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of the alcohol, thiol, thioether, amine, imine, acid, ester, amide, and ether functional groups; andR.sub.5 and R.sub.

Abstract: The present invention relats to novel copolymers of alpha-olefins comprised of intramolecularly heterogeneous and intermolecularly homogeneous copolymer chains.

Abstract: Mixtures of new dimethyl-tricyclo[5.2.1.0.sup.2,6 ]decane derivatives, notably the primary isomers of the common formula A, whereinR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 mean either methyl group or hydrogen, one of the substituents being a methyl group and the other hydrogen,R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 mean either methyl group or hydrogen, one of the substituents being a methyl group and the other hydrogen, andX indicates the .pi.-system of a C-C double bond or an epoxide system, can advantageously be used as new acent- and flavor materials.The compounds of the common formula A, were prepared by hydrogenation of dimeric methylcyclopentadiene selectively in the norbornane part and when desired by epoxidation of the remaining double bond.

Abstract: A hexanes stream, including normal hexane, isohexanes, methylcyclopentane and cyclohexane is isomerized by first fractionating the hexanes stream in a first fractionation step to produce a normal hexaneisohexanes rich overhead stream and a methylcyclopentane-cyclohexane rich bottoms stream, the bottom stream of the first fractionation step is isomerized to maximize the conversion of methylcyclopentane to cyclohexane, the overhead stream from the first fractionation step is fractionated in a second fractionation step to produce an isohexane rich overhead stream and a normal hexane rich bottoms stream, the effluent from the isomerization step is fractionated in at least one stage of a third fractionation step to produce a cyclohexane rich bottoms fraction and a methylcyclopentane-isohexane rich overhead stream and at least a part of the overhead stream from the third fractionation step is recycled to at least one of the isomerization steps and the first fractionation step.

Abstract: A hexanes stream, conventionally produced in petroleum refining, comprising normal hexane, isohexanes, methylcyclopentane, and cyclohexane is isomerized to produce primarily cyclohexane and to recover normal hexane by first fractionating the hexanes stream in a first fractionation step in a manner and under conditions to produce a normal hexane-isohexane rich overhead stream and a methylcyclopentane-cyclohexane rich bottoms stream, the bottoms stream is isomerized in the presence of an isomerization catalyst and under conditions sufficient to maximize the conversion of methylcyclopentane to cyclohexane, the overhead from the first fractionation step and the effluent from the isomerization step is then fractionated in at least one stage of a second fractionation step in a manner and under conditions to produce separate streams, comprising isohexanes, normal hexane, cyclohexane, and unreacted methylcyclopentane and the methylcyclopentane is recycled to the isomerization step and/or the first fractionation step.

Abstract: A method of preparing a functionally terminated polymer comprising polymerizing a terpene or an oxygen derivative thereof having a double bond or conjugated double bond available for polymerization with an initiator having a grouping which provides, or is a precursor of, the functional termination for the polymer.

Abstract: Zeolite-ruthenium catalysts in which the ruthenium is in the form of a cation are very effective in catalyzing the hydrogenation of a broad range of organic compounds.

Abstract: The instant invention relates to a novel hydrogenation catalyst comprising a composite of a Group VIII metal or Group VIII metal compound and a compound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by the general formulaM(O.sub.3 ZO.sub.x R).sub.nwherein M comprises a tetravalent metal, Z comprises a pentavalent atom, R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, organo radicals and mixtures thereof provided that at least a portion of said radicals comprise a moiety selected from the group consisting of pyridyl, allyl, anthranilic acid radicals and mixtures thereof; x is 0 or 1, and n is 2, provided that n is 1 when R is terminated with a tri- or tetra-oxy pentavalent atom. This catalyst is useful in hydrogenation processes which comprise contacting said catalyst with an unsaturated compound, said unsaturated compound comprising at least one unsaturated bond, e.g., a carbon-carbon bond, a carbon-nitrogen bond, a carbon-oxygen bond, or a nitrogen-oxygen bond, etc.

Abstract: Benzene or an alkylbenzene is reacted with hydrogen and an alkali metal such as potassium in the presence of a polyamine to produce cyclohexene or alkylcyclohexene and alkali metal hydride. The polyamine contains only C, N and H and has at least three nitrogens. Each nitrogen is linked to three carbons and each carbon bridge is at least two methylenes long. Representative polyamines are hexamethyl hexacyclen, hexamethyl triethylene tetraamine, tris(2-dimethylamino ethyl)amine and octamethyl pentaethylene hexamine. Cyclohexene is produced at high ratios with respect to cyclohexane.

Abstract: A product mixture of a norbornene and a tetracyclododecene is prepared in any desired mole ratio in the range of 95/5 to 5/95 which comprises heating an olefin, cyclopentadiene, and a norbornene in the respective mole ratio of 1-20/1-5/1-5, at a temperature of 100.degree. to 400.degree. C., 100 to 5000 psi, and 0.1 to 5 hours of residence time.

Abstract: Ruthenium has been found to be a stereoselective catalyst for the hydrogenation of .alpha.-pinene to obtain cis-pinane.

Abstract: A novel method for the selective preparation of the cis isomer of a disubstituted ethylenically unsaturated compound is proposed in which a disubstituted acetylenically unsaturated compound is partially hydrogenated in the presence of, in place of a conventional Lindlar catalyst or a combination of a Lindlar catalyst with an amine, a palladium catalyst borne on an alumina carrier in combination with water and a hydroxide or a basic salt of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal. The inventive method is advantageous over conventional methods by the unnecessity of the use of an amine compound which is definitely undesirable when the product is directed to the application in perfumery and by the easiness in handling of the catalyst which can be easily separated from the reaction mixture after completion of the reaction.

Abstract: A process for regioselective isomerization of organic compounds having a carbon-carbon double bond at a tertiary carbon atom by sulfur dioxide induced allylic rearrangement of a hydrogen atom and/or replacement of a proton in the allylic position by a deuteron. The organic compound is contacted with sulfur dioxide at temperatures between about 0.degree. and 70.degree. C. for a time sufficient to effect such isomerization to a more stable isomer; and if deuteration is to take place D.sub.2 O is provided in the solution.

Abstract: Non-conjugated para-menthadienes having one site of unsaturation at the 4(8)- or 8-position are hydrogenated to selectively form 3-menthene in the presence of a homogeneous ruthenium catalyst complex.