Abstract: Improved, heterogeneous, refractory catalysts are in the form of gas-impervious, hollow, thin-walled spheres (10) suitable formed of a shell (12) of refractory such as alumina having a cavity (14) containing a gas at a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure. The wall material may be itself catalytic or a catalytically active material coated onto the sphere as a layer (16), suitably platinum or iron, which may be further coated with a layer (18) of activator or promoter. The density of the spheres (30) can be uniformly controlled to a preselected value within .+-.10 percent of the density of the fluid reactant such that the spheres either remain suspended or slowly fall or rise through the liquid reactant.

Abstract: Superior isomerization performance is obtained in an isomerization process employing a catalytic composition comprising a Group VIII noble metal and a hydrogen form mordenite incorporated with alumina. The superior isomerization performance is achieved using a catalyst composition having a surface area of at least 580 m.sup.2 /g. A novel method of preparing an isomerization catalyst having a surface area of at least 580 m.sup.2 /g is characterized by contacting a formed catalytic composite with an acidic aqueous solution prior to addition of the Group VIII noble metal. The isomerization process is particularly useful in the isomerization of a dimethylnaphthalene containing feedstock into a product that contains a higher concentration of the 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene isomer than did the feedstock.

Abstract: An improved process for the isomerization of non-equilibrium C.sub.8 aromatics is presented which utilizes a catalytic composition prepared by a novel method of incorporating magnesium into a crystalline aluminosilicate. The catalyst comprises an alumina matrix, a magnesium-containing zeolite, and a Group VIII metal component. It has also been found that the method of magnesium addition can dramatically affect the selectivity to para-xylene, as measured by the loss of C.sub.8 aromatics due to undesirable side-reactions. The method of the instant invention involves addition of the magnesium to a hydrogel comprising pseudoboehmite and zeolite.

Abstract: Xylene isomerization is carried out using specific non-zeolitic molecular sieve catalyst, e.g., the silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieves of U.S. Pat. No. 4,440,871, to provide improved production of p-xylene from C.sub.8 aromatic compounds and the conversion of ethylbenzene to a xylene.

Abstract: A process for continuously isomerizing xylene, which comprises subjecting a hydrocarbon feed material comprising a major proportion of a xylene isomer mixture and a minor proportion of non-aromatic hydrocarbons to xylene isomerization reaction, isolating a specific xylene isomer from the resulting isomerization reaction mixture, and recycling the remaining hydrocarbon mixture to the xylene isomerization reaction; wherein the hydrocarbon feed material or the xylene isomerization reaction mixture is treated with hydrogen in the presence of a cracking catalyst comprising(a) a zeolite selected from zeolites ZSM-5, ZSM-11, ZSM-12, ZSM-34 and ZSM-48 series, at least 20% of its cation site being occupied by a cation of a metal selected from alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, and(b) a refractory amorphous inorganic oxide having platinum supported thereon,at a temperature and a weight hourly space velocity which simultaneously satisfy the following inequalities (i) to (iv) ##EQU1## wherein T represents the tempe

Abstract: An improved process for the isomerization of non-equilibrium C.sub.8 aromatics is presented which utilizes a novel catalytic composition. This catalyst comprises phosphorus-containing alumina, a gallium component, and crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite having a silica to alumina ratio of at least 12. The isomerization process has a particular utility for the conversion of ethylbenzene without the deleterious loss of xylene.

Abstract: A method of isomerizing alkylbenzenes, in particular xylenes. The method is based on the application of a catalyst which comprises an inorganic oxide support containing at least one mixed oxide compound of SiO.sub.2 and Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 in any proportion, and performing the isomerization at a temperature between 150.degree. and 300.degree. C. under a pressure ranging from about atmospheric to a few atmospheres. The catalyst is produced by reaction of the support with an aluminum alkyl compound of the type AlR.sub.y X.sub.3-y, wherein R=CH.sub.3, C.sub.2 H.sub.5 or C.sub.3 H.sub.7, y=1 or 2 and X=Cl, preferably Al(C.sub.2 H.sub.5)Cl.sub.2. The support may be impregnated with platinum and/or rhenium. Characteristic features of this method are that the isomerization process can be run without any promotor, and that isomerization of xylene under moderate conditions yields a high degree of conversion and high selectivity.

Abstract: Isomerization of xylene in admixture with ethylbenzene by contact with a zeolite catalyst such as ZSM-5 is improved by use of a zeolite having a catalyst particle size of at least 1 micron and having incorporated thereon two metals such as platinum and magnesium.

Abstract: This invention provides a catalytic process for converting to BTX a C.sub.9 + monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon feed having a prescribed content of alkyl groups with more than one carbon atom. It further provides a process wherein said conversion is coupled with a catalytic xylene isomerization unit. The catalyst used in the process is a steamed composite comprising platinum and a crystalline zeolite such as ZSM-5.

Abstract: These catalysts comprise:A refractory oxide-mineral carrier;a halogen element, present in combined form; and,in free or combined form,(a) a platinum-group metal, and(b) tin.They are characterized in that they contain, moreover, a metal from groups Ia and IIa of the periodic table of the elements.Specifically, said metal from groups Ia and IIa may be sodium, lithium, potassium, calcium or barium.

Abstract: Isomerizable hydrocarbons are isomerized using a catalytic composite comprising a combination of a catalytically effective amount of a pyrolyzed rhenium carbonyl component with a porous carrier material containing a uniform dispersion of catalytically effective amounts of a platinum group component, which is maintained in the elemental metallic state during the incorporation and pyrolysis of the rhenium carbonyl component, of a tin component, and of a halogen component and from about 1 to about 100 weight percent of a Friedel-Crafts metal halide calculated on a Friedel-Crafts metal halide-free basis.

Abstract: In a process for isomerization of xylenes which comprises contactng an aromatic hydrocarbon stock mainly containing xylene isomers not attaining a thermodynamic equilibrium composition with a catalyst composition containing a crystalline aluminosilicate at an elevated temperature in the vapor phase in the presence of hydrogen, the improvement wherein said catalyst composition comprises a crystalline aluminosilicate having a silica/alumina mole ratio of at least 10 and contains at least two metals which are (a) platinum and (b) at least one metal selected from the group consisting of titanium, chromium, zinc, gallium, germanium, strontium, yttrium, zirconium, molybdenum, palladium, tin, barium, cesium, cerium, tungsten, osmium, lead, cadmium, mercury, indium, lanthanum, beryllium, lithium and rubidium.

Abstract: These catalysts comprise: A refractory oxide-mineral carrier; a halogen element, present in combined form; and, in free or combined form,(a) a platinum-group metal, m1(b) tin,and additionally a metal, M1, from groups Ia and IIa of the periodic table of the elements in such an amount that: 0.2.ltoreq.M2/M1.ltoreq.10.Specifically, said metal from groups Ia and IIa may be sodium, lithium, potassium, calcium or barium.

Abstract: Isomerizable hydrocarbons are isomerized using a catalytic composite comprising a combination of a catalytically effective amount of a pyrolyzed rhenium carbonyl component with a porous carrier material containing a uniform dispersion of catalytically effective amounts of a platinum group component, which is maintained in the elemental metallic state during the incorporation and pyrolysis of the rhenium carbonyl component, of a tin component, and of a halogen component.

Abstract: A new catalytic composition and its method of preparation are presented. The catalytic composition comprises a crystalline borosilicate and a porous refractory inorganic oxide, said borosilicate and said inorganic oxide having been intimately admixed with one another, said borosilicate comprising a molecular sieve material having the following composition in terms of mole ratios of oxides:0.9.+-.0.2 M.sub.2/n O:B.sub.2 O.sub.3 :YSiO.sub.2 :ZH.sub.2 Owherein M is at least one cation having a valence of n, Y is between 4 and about 600, and Z is between 0 and about 160.The catalytic composition can be used for the conversion of hydrocarbon streams, e.g., the isomerization of xylene feedstocks.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon isomerization catalysts comprising typically refractory mineral oxide carrier such as alumina and a halogen element present in combined form, together with, in the free or combined state:A platinum-group metal;second element from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, tungsten and molybdenum; anda metal halide such as AlCl.sub.3.

Abstract: An isomerization process for the production of desired isomers of aromatic hydrocarbons containing eight carbon atoms per molecule, i.e., para-xylene and ortho-xylene, from a mixture of aromatic hydrocarbons containing eight carbon atoms per molecule wherein yields of the desired carbon, are increased by incorporating an aliphatic hydrocarbon, e.g., n-pentane, in the feedstock for the process.

Abstract: The improvement of the preferred Pt-Sn on alumina bimetallic catalyst (and similar catalysts) for hydrotreatment of hydrocarbons, comprising the catalyst further containing silicon in combined form.

Abstract: Isomerizable hydrocarbons including paraffins, cycloparaffins, olefins and alkyl aromatics are isomerized by contacting the hydrocarbon at isomerization conditions with a catalytic composite comprising a platinum group metal on an alpha-alumina monohydrate support wherein said support is prepared by admixing an alpha-alumina monohydrate with an aqueous amoniacal solution having a pH of at least about 7.5 to form a stable suspension and commingling said suspension with a salt of a strong acid to form an extrudable paste or dough. Upon extrusion, the extrudate is dried and calcined to form said alumina support.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are converted by contacting them at hydrocarbon conversion conditions with a novel sulfided and attenuated superactive multimetallic catalytic composite comprising a sulfided combination of a catalytically effective amount of a pyrolyzed rhenium carbonyl component with a porous carrier material containing a uniform dispersion of catalytically effective amounts of a platinum group component, which is maintained in the elemental metallic state during the incorporation of the rhenium carbonyl component, and of a zinc component. A specific example of the type of hydrocarbon conversion process disclosed herein is a process for the catalytic reforming of a low octane gasoline fraction wherein the gasoline fraction and a hydrogen stream are contacted with the subject sulfided and attenuated superactive multimetallic catalytic composite at reforming conditions.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are converted by contacting them at hydrocarbon conversion conditions with a novel attenuated superactive multimetallic catalytic composite comprising a combination of a catalytically effective amount of a pyrolyzed rhenium carbonyl component with a porous carrier material containing a uniform dispersion of a catalytically effective amount of a platinum group component, which is maintained in the elemental metallic state, and of a silver component. In a highly preferred embodiment, this novel catalytic composite also contains a catalytically effective amount of a halogen component. A specific example of the type of hydrocarbon conversion process disclosed herein is a process for the catalytic reforming of a low octane gasoline fraction wherein the gasoline fraction and a hydrogen stream are contacted with this attenuated superactive multimetallic catalytic composite at reforming conditions.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are converted by contacting them at hydrocarbon conversion conditions with a novel attenuated superactive multimetallic catalytic composite comprising a combination of a catalytically effective amount of a pyrolyzed rhenium carbonyl component with a porous carrier material containing a uniform dispersion of a catalytically effective amount of a platinum group component, which is maintained in the elemental metallic state during the incorporation of the rhenium carbonyl component, and of a zirconium component. In a highly preferred embodiment, this novel catalytic composite also contains a catalytically effective amount of a halogen component. The platinum group component, pyrolyzed rhenium carbonyl component, zirconium component and optional halogen component are preferably present in the multimetallic catalytic composite in amounts, calculated on an elemental basis, corresponding to about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % platinum group metal, about 0.01 to about 5 wt. % rhenium, about 0.

Abstract: A process for the redispersal or dispersal of a platinum group metal in a catalyst comprising an oxidized platinum group metal component and a refactory inorganic support comprises the steps of treating the oxidized catalyst with a stream of inert gas containing a sulphiding agent and reducing the sulphided catalyst in a stream of hydrogen-containing gas at a temperature in the range 200.degree. to 600.degree. C. to give a maximum catalyst temperature of 550.degree. C.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are converted by contacting them at hydrocarbon conversion conditions with an acidic multimetallic catalytic composite comprising a combination of catalytically effective amounts of a platinum or palladium component, an iridium component, a cobalt component, a Group IVA metallic component and a halogen component with a porous carrier material. The platinum or palladium iridium, cobalt, Group IVA metallic and halogen components are present in the multimetallic catalyst in amounts, respectively, calculated on an elemental basis, corresponding to about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % platinum or palladium, about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % iridium, about 0.05 to about 5 wt. % cobalt, about 0.01 to about 5 wt. % Group IVA metal and about 0.1 to about 3.5 wt. % halogen.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are converted by contacting them at hydrocarbon conversion conditions with an acidic multimetallic catalytic composite comprising a combination of catalytically effective amounts of a platinum group component, a nickel component, a uranium component, and a halogen component with a porous carrier material. The platinum group, uranium, nickel, and halogen components are present in the multimetallic catalyst in amounts respectively, calculated on an elemental basis, corresponding to about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % platinum group metal, about 0.1 to about 10 wt. % uranium, about 0.05 to about 5 wt. % nickel, and about 0.1 to about 3.5 wt. % halogen.

Abstract: The improvment of the preferred Pt-Sn on alumina bimetallic catalyst (and similar catalysts) for hydrotreatment of hydrocarbons, comprising the catalyst further containing silicon in combined form.

Abstract: The processes of the present invention employ catalysts in the hydrotreatment of hydrocarbons and comprise, on a refractory inorganic oxide support, the following metals:(a) from 0.02 to 2% of at least one platinum metal;(b) from 0.02 to 2% of at least one metal belonging to the group consisting of zirconium, titanium, and tungsten;(c) from 0.02 to 2% tin.This catalyst is preferably halogenated, typically with chlorine, from 0.4 to 2%.The preferred process according to this invention is the isomerization of a charge of alkylaromatic hydrocarbons, and particularly those having eight carbon atoms. The preferred isomerization catalyst is a platinum, tin and zirconium trimetallic catalyst halogenated with chlorine approximately from 1 to 2% based on the total catalyst weight.