Abstract: An alpha-olefin is oligomerized in the presence of a three-component catalyst comprising a particulate solid adsorbent, boron trifluoride and elemental oxygen. The process also activates the catalyst. For example, 1-decene is oligomerized to a product predominating in the trimer and tetramer using boron trifluoride, elemental oxygen and silica as the solid adsorbent.

Abstract: Novel feedstocks for the production of synthetic lubricant base oils are described. The feedstock is a blend of internal and alpha olefins with the internal olefins comprising more than 50 but less than 99 weight percent of the blend. The alpha olefins may be derived from ethylene polymerization or wax pyrolysis. The olefins may be oligomerized over a boron trifluoride catalyst and a promoter. When the oligomers are hydrogenated they provide a synthetic lubricant base stock having excellent properties.

Abstract: A synthetic lubricating oil composition comprising a major portion of a synthetic lubricant component or a mixture of a synthetic lubricant component and a hydrocarbon mineral base oil and a minor portion of various additive components is described. The synthetic lubricant component is manufactured from internal olefins.The process for making the synthetic lubricant component utilizes boron trifluoride catalysis with a promoter to produce oligomer mixtures that have surprisingly low viscosities at low temperatures and surprisingly high viscosity indexes as compared with the oligomers found in other methods. It is important that internal olefins be used predominantly to make the oligomers. Alpha olefins make up the balance of the olefins.

Abstract: Alpha olefins may be oligomerized over a boron trifluoride catalyst and a protonic promoter, and then held at a temperature between 60.degree. and 150.degree. C. to increase the molecular weight of the oligomers. When the oligomers are hydrogenated they provide a synthetic lubricant base stock having excellent properties. The alpha olefins may be derived from ethylene polymerization or wax pyrolysis. An inert organic solvent may be present.

Abstract: An improved process for the manufacture of synthetic lubricant additives from olefins having two or three carbon atoms is described. The low molecular weight olefins are converted to internal olefins having 9 to 24 carbon atoms via isomerization and disproportionation. The process utilizes boron trifluoride catalysis with a promoter to produce from the C.sub.9 -C.sub.24 internal olefins oligomer mixtures that have surprisingly low viscosities at low temperatures and surprisingly high viscosity indexes as compared with the oligomers found in other methods. It is important that internal olefins be used almost exclusively in the second step of the method of this invention.

Abstract: Olefin oligomers suitable as lubricants are prepared with a catalyst comprising boron trifluoride and a mixture of an alcohol, and a polyol. 1-Decene is oligomerized to a liquid product having an improved trimer to tetramer ratio using boron trifluoride and a mixture of n-butanol, and ethylene glycol.

Abstract: A method for oligomerizing olefins in the presence of boron trifluoride and a co-catalyst comprising a heterogeneous cationic ion exchange resin catalyst is described. While the resin catalyst cannot oligomerize olefins by itself at temperatures around 75.degree.-85.degree. C., when used together with boron trifluoride an oligomer mixture may be created which has improved properties over oligomers made over only boron trifluoride. If a resin catalyst is used, a protonic promoter is not required.

Abstract: Alpha olefins may be oligomerized over a boron trifluoride catalyst and a promoter containing a transition metal cation. When the oligomers are hydrogenated they provide a synthetic lubricant base stock having excellent properties. The alpha olefins may be derived from ethylene polymerization or wax pyrolysis. A protonic promoter and an inert organic solvent may be present.

Abstract: Internal olefins such as those obtained from a disproportionation of 1-olefins like 1-decene are dimerized over a promoted boron trifluoride catalyst to yield oils useful as lubricant basestock.

Abstract: Boron trifluoride contaminant is removed from organic liquids by contacting the contaminated liquid with polyvinyl alcohol. For example, boron trifluoride catalyst is removed from 1-olefin oligomer product by passing the liquid oligomer through a bed of granular polyvinyl alcohol.

Abstract: A process for producing hexene-1 oligomer by a process which comprises oligomerizing hexene-1 in the presence of a Friedel-Crafts catalyst, such as boron trifluoride, and a promoter, such as water, the improvement comprising dissolving hexene-1 in a hydrocarbon solvent comprising 10-75% of the reaction mixture and conducting the oligomerizing in the hydrocarbon solvent. The hydrocarbon solvent has a minimum boiling point of 60.degree. C. There is an increase in both the reaction rate and trimer yield of product.

Abstract: An alpha-olefin is oligomerized in the presence of a three-component catalyst comprising a particulate solid adsorbent, boron trifluoride and elemental oxygen. For example, 1-decene is oligomerized to a product predominating in the trimer and tetramer using boron trifluoride, elemental oxygen and silica as the solid adsorbent.

Abstract: Internal olefins such as those obtained from a disproportionation of 1-olefins like 1-decene are dimerized over a promoted boron trifluoride catalyst to yield oils useful as lubricant basestock.

Abstract: A mixed olefin feedstock obtained from disproportionating C.sub.8 to C.sub.18 1-olefins can be used as such for a dimerization process to produce branched hydrocarbons that are useful as lubricating oils or greases.

Abstract: An alpha-olefin is oligomerized in the presence of a three-component catalyst comprising a particulate solid adsorbent having boron trifluoride and water adsorbed on the solid adsorbent. For example, 1-decene is oligomerized to a product predominating in the trimer and tetramer using silica as the solid adsorbent.

Abstract: A mixed olefin feedstock obtained from disproportionating C.sub.8 -C.sub.10 1-olefins can be used as such, i.e. without removal of 1-olefins in a boron trifluoride catalyzed dimerization step to produce synthetic lubricating oils. The results achieved are as good as those achieved using a feedstock from which the undisproportionated 1-olefins have been removed so that this feedstock contains only internal olefins for the dimerization.

Abstract: An improved technique is described for the recovery of aliphatic diol reaction solvent in a process wherein ethylene is oligomerized at elevated temperature and pressure by contact with a solution of a nickel complex catalyst in an aliphatic diol solvent to afford a reaction product made up of (a) a liquid solvent phase containing dissolved catalyst, (b) a liquid hydrocarbon phase comprising ethylene oligomers containing dissolved ethylene, catalyst and diol solvent and (c) gaseous ethylene, said reaction product being passed to a series of phase separation zones whereby gaseous ethylene and a substantial portion of the diol reaction solvent containing dissolved catalyst are separated and recycled to the oligomerization reaction zone with a minor portion of the separated reaction solvent being passed to a fractionation zone for removal of light ends and spent catalyst prior to reuse in the process. With this improved process, the formation of diol solvent degradation products, e.g.

Abstract: An alpha-olefin oligomer synthetic lubricant having an improved viscosity-volatility relationship is prepared from an alpha-olefin such as 1-decene.

Abstract: A method for recovering dissolved boron trifluoride from a hydrocarbon liquid in a vacuum column at moderate temperatures by trickling the hydrocarbon over metallic or ceramic packing in the column. Dissolved boron trifluoride catalyst is recovered from the crude oligomer reaction product resulting from the oligomerization of 1-decene.

Abstract: Ethylene is oligomerized to even numbered alpha-monoolefins principally in the C.sub.4 to C.sub.40 range with minimal concomittant production of high molecular weight polyethylene by reacting ethylene in a diol solvent in an oligomerization reaction zone at elevated pressure with a nickel complex catalyst composition produced by combining in the reaction zone, (a) a stable preformed complex of nickel, ethylene and hydride in a diol solvent, said complex being prepared by contacting in a diol solvent and in the presence of ethylene, a nickel salt, a base and a boron hydride transfer agent and (b) a suitable bidentate ligand; the stable nickel complex solution and the bidentate ligand being added in separate portions to the reaction zone. These stable complexes of nickel, ethylene and hydride in diol solution are considered to be novel oligomerization catalyst precursor compositions.

Abstract: Process for polymerizing olefinic hydrocarbons at a temperature from 0.degree. to 90.degree. C., preferably from 20.degree. to 80.degree. C. in the presence of a catalyst containing aluminum oxide and, per part by weight thereof, boron oxide in a proportion of 0.01 to 1, preferably 0.07 to 0.15 part by weight and halogen in a proportion of 0.5 to 20%, preferably 4 to 12%, said catalyst resulting from the reaction of an aluminum compound of formula AlX.sub.y R.sub.(3-y) where X is halogen, R is a hydrocarbon radical and y is selected from 1, 3/2, 2 and 3, with a carrier containing aluminum oxide and boron oxide in a proportion to aluminum oxide from 1 to 100%.

Abstract: Alpha-olefins are oligomerized to a product useful as a synthetic lubricant in a continuous process utilizing a promoted boron trifluoride catalyst. The oligomerization is carried out in a system comprising a plurality of loop recycle reactors arranged in series, the reaction being preferably carried out such that:(A) The total residence time of alpha-olefin monomer/oligomerization product in the system is from about 1 to about 2 hours; and(B) The flow rate through each of the plurality of loop recycle reactors effects a turnover of reactor contents of each reactor at least once every 5 minutes.

Abstract: When saturated with boron trifluoride, certain polyhydric alcohols form adducts which catalyze hydrocarbon alkyl transfer reactions for which boron trifluoride is catalytic. The adduct is recovered from the reaction mixture and recycled, greatly reducing boron and fluoride values in the product and in any effluent. Examples include propylation of toluene in the presence of a recycled adduct of boron trifluoride with mannitol or sorbitol, and the oligomerization of decene by a recycled adduct of boron trifluoride with mannitol or butanediol. Some of the catalysts become viscous on cooling and are thus more easily separated from the reaction products which remain in a separate liquid phase.

Abstract: Polymer oils having reduced viscosity and increased viscosity index are produced by oligomerizing a mixture of short chain 1-olefins and long chain 1-olefins in the presence of water or alcohol promoted boron trifluoride catalyst and low-boiling recycle from a previous oligomerization run.

Abstract: A method of homopolymerizing a 1-olefin to a product including the trimer and tetramer by utilizing boron trifluoride under pressure in the presence of a suspended particulate adsorbent material. For example, 1-decene is homopolymerized at a temperature of about 25.degree. C. in the presence of a suspension of about two weight percent silica and boron trifluoride at a pressure of 125 psi.

Abstract: When saturated with boron trifluoride, certain polyhydric alcohols form adducts which catalyze reactions for which boron trifluoride is catalytic. The adduct is recovered from the reaction mixture and recycled, greatly reducing boron and fluoride values in the product and in any effluent. Examples include propylation of toluene in the presence of a recycled adduct of boron trifluoride with mannitol or sorbitol.

Abstract: Isobutene polymers having a mean degree of polymerization P of from 10 to 100 and a proportion E of double bonds, capable of reaction with maleic anhydride, of from 60 to 90%, where E=100% corresponds to the calculated theoretical value for the case where each molecule of the isobutene polymer contains such a reactive double bond.