Abstract: An improved method for preparing a catalyst which is superior for converting methane to ethane and ethylene is described. The method involves mixing a solution of a magnesium alkoxide in alcohol with a solution of a lithium compound in alcohol. Preferably, chlorine is introduced into the mixture. A solution of an aluminum alkoxide in an alcohol may also be added to the mixture. The magnesium alkoxide is hydrolyzed to produce a gel, and the gel is then calcined to produce the catalyst. Catalysts prepared by this method are superior for converting methane to ethane and ethylene, and have superior selectivities for ethylene and ethane over conventional lithium carbonate/magnesium oxide catalysts.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for producing a polymer predominating in terminal unsaturation by cationically polymerising a 1-olefin in the liquid phase at a temperature from -100.degree. to +100.degree. C. in the presence of a catalyst composition comprising tin tetrachloride and a co-catalyst which is a source of cations and which is substantially free of organometallic compounds. The process is particularly suited to producing polybutenes having high vinylidene content which have high reactivity, especially towards forming maleic anhydride adducts.

Abstract: There is provided a method for preparing alpha-olefin oligomers of superior lubricating properties by contacting an alpha-olefin feed under oligomerization conditions with a catalyst comprising an activated layered silicate containing silica and oxide of Group VIB metal, e.g., Cr, between its layers. The catalyst can be activated by exposure to an oxidation gas at high temperature followed by treatment with a reducing agent, e.g., CO.

Abstract: An ethylene oligomerization process is provided wherein ethylene is contacted with a nickel(II) halide compound, a phosphine compound, and a carboxylate compound in a solvent to produce a precursor reaction mixture, followed by contacting ethylene with the precursor reaction mixture and a borohydride compound to produce a product reaction mixture comprising the desired oligomerization product.

Abstract: An ethylene dimerization process is provided wherein ethylene is contacted with an organonickel (0) compound and a phosphine compound in a fluorinated alcohol solvent to produce a precursor reaction mixture, followed by contacting ethylene with the precursor reaction mixture and a fluorinated organoacid to produce a product reaction mixture comprising a C.sub.4 fraction of predominantly 2-butenes.

Abstract: An ethylene oligomerization process is provided wherein ethylene is contacted with a nickel(II) halide compound, a phosphine compound and a zinc component in a solvent to produce a precursor reaction mixture, followed by contacting ethylene with the precursor reaction mixture and a fluorinated organoacid to produce a product reaction mixture comprising the desired oligomerization product.

Abstract: A process for the dimerization of n-butene wherein a Ziegler catalyst system composed of a nickel compound and an organoalkylaluminum is added, as a third component, with an amine and/or a quaternary ammonium chloride. The amine can be a primary, secondary or tertiary amine. This process makes it possible to selectively prepare isooctene having a low degree of branching while maintaining high catalytic activity.

Abstract: The 350.degree.-650.degree. F. (177.degree.-343.degree. C.) portion of the product from the oligomerization of light olefin with surface deactivated shape selective medium pore zeolite catalyst particles comprises olefinic hydrocarbons having unique and desirable structures as precursors for high cetane value clean fuels. These oligomers are near linear in structure and contain no aromatics. Following hydrogenation they produce cetane values between 50 and 75. When the near linear olefinic hydrocarbons from surface deactivated zeolite catalyzed oligomerization of light olefins are subjected to ethene metathesis to alpha olefins and oligomerization following the process of Chen et al in U.S. Pat. No. 4,962,249 the overall process reaction product comprises a mixture of a 650.degree. F.+ portion comprising high VI lubricant and a 350.degree.-650.degree. F. portion comprising high cetane clean fuels precursor. Hydrogenation of the 350.degree.-650.degree. F.

Abstract: Lubricant compositions comprise blends or mixtures of low viscosity, 3-8 cS e.g. about 5 cS(100.degree. C.), HVI lube basestock with higher viscosity, 15 cS+e.g. 30+ cS(100.degree. C.) HVI PAO lube basestock produced from slack wax by thermal cracking to alpha olefins followed by Lewis acid catalyzed oligomerization of the alpha olefin mixture to lube base stock. Blending these components in appropriate proportions produces lube basestock having viscosities in the range of 8-15 cS (100.degree. C.) from which material suitable for the formulation of 10W-30 automobile engine lube can be produced. The blends are notable for exhibiting high VI values greater than that of either component of the blend.

Abstract: A process is provided for effecting catalytic conversion of an organic compound-containing feedstock to conversion product which comprises contacting said feedstock under catalytic conversion conditions with a catalyst comprising an active form of a functionalized inorganic, porous, non-layered crystalline phase having uniformly sized pores of at least about 13, e.g., at least about 15, Angstrom Units in diameter.

Abstract: A contact material composition containing an intimately mixed, mixed oxide of at least one cationic species of a naturally occurring Group 111B elment, at least one cationic species of a Group IIA metal of magnesium, calcium, strontium, and barium and at least one additional metal cationic species of zirconium and hafnium, as well as methods for hydrocarbon conversion using such contact material compositions are provided.

Abstract: A contact material composition containing an intimately mixed, mixed oxide of at least one cationic species of a naturally occurring Group IIIB element, at least one cationic species of a Group IIA metal of magnesium, calcium, strontium, and barium and a cationic species of aluminum, as well as methods for hydrocarbon conversion using such contact material compositions are provided.

Abstract: A process for the cyclodimerization of 1,3-butadienes to 4-vinylcyclohexenes comprising contacting a butadiene in the presence of a promoting amount of a hydroxylic solvent with a catalyst containing copper(I) ions supported on a carrier. A second process for the cyclodimerization of 1,3-butadienes to 4-vinylcyclohexenes comprising contacting a butadiene with a catalytic amount of a copper(I)-impregnated aluminosilicate zeolite characterized by a bulk SiO.sub.2 /Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 molar ratio in the range from about 5 to about 50 and a framework SiO.sub.2 /Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 molar ratio of at least about 15. A catalyst composition comprising a copper(I)-impregnated zeolite of specified bulk and framework silica to alumina molar ratios and specified water content. The catalyst exhibits high activity and long lifetime in the aforementioned dimerization processes and is easily regenerated.

Abstract: An improved process is disclosed for preparing synthetic lubricant base stocks. Synthetic lubricant base stocks are prepared in good yield by oligomerizing linear olefins using a sulfate-activated Group IV oxide particularly zirconium dioxide, as the catalyst.

Abstract: A method for producing polymers with narrow molecular weight distribution which involves combining (1) an initiator component of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 are alkyl, aryl, or aralkyl groups, and can be the same or different, and X is an acetate, etherate, a hydroxyl group, or a halogen, and i is a positive whole number, (2) a Lewis acid of the formula MX.sub.n in which M is titanium, aluminum, boron, or tin, X is a halogen, and n is a positive whole number, (3) an electron donor component having an electron donor number of from at least about 25 to no more than about 50, (4) a solvent for the preceding and (5) a hydrocarbon monomer component.

Abstract: A novel composition is disclosed that is particularly useful as a lubricant viscosity index improver. The composition comprises branched C.sub.30 -C.sub.10000 hydrocarbons that have a branch ratio of less than 0.19 and viscosity at 100.degree. C. between 725 cS and 15,000 cS. The novel compositions comprise the product of the oligomerization of C.sub.6 to C.sub.20 alpha-olefin feedstock, or mixtures thereof, under oligomerization conditions at a temperature between -20.degree. C. and +90.degree. C. in contact with a reduced valence state Group VIB metal catalyst on porous support. The compositions have viscosities at 100.degree. C. between 725 cS and 15,000 cS. Using the foregoing compositions in admixture with mineral oil and synthetic lubricants provides novel lubricant blends that show an elevated viscosity index. The mixtures also show an increased stability to shear stress at high temperature with all blends notable by exhibiting Newtonian flow.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the production of synthetic lubricants having high viscosity index and thermal stability by oligomerizing a mixture of C.sub.5 -C.sub.18 or C.sub.6 -C.sub.16 alpha-olefins produced from the thermal cracking of slack wax or recycled slack wax. The oligomerization is carried out with Lewis acid catalyst. Promoted aluminum chloride is a preferred catalyst.

Abstract: A novel composition is disclosed that is particularly useful as a lubricant viscosity index improver. The composition comprises branched C.sub.30 -C.sub.10000 hydrocarbons that have a branch ratio of less than 0.19 and viscosity at 100.degree. C. between 725 cS and 15,000 cS. The novel compositions comprise the product of the oligomerization of C.sub.6 to C.sub.20 alpha-olefin feedstock, or mixtures thereof, under oligomerization conditions at a temperature between -20.degree. C. and +90.degree. C. in contact with a reduced valence state Group VIB metal catalyst on porous support. The compositions have viscosities at 100.degree. C. between 725 cS and 15,000 cS. Using the foregoing compositions in admixture with mineral oil and synthetic lubricants provides novel lubricant blends that show an elevated viscosity index. The mixtures also show an increased stability to shear stress at high temperture with all blends notable by exhibiting Newtonian flow.

Abstract: An improved process is disclosed for preparing synthetic lubricant base stocks. Synthetic lubricant base stocks are prepared in good yield by oligomerizing linear olefins using cation-exchangeable layered clays that have been treated with a non-halogenated titanium salt or non-halogenated zirconium salt.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the production of synthetic hydrocarbon lubricants having high viscosity index by oligomerizing a mixture of alpha-olefins comprising the reaction product from the thermal cracking of refined wax. The oligomerization is carried out with Lewis acid catalyst or reduced chromium oxide on porous support.

Abstract: A process for upgrading olefins employing new synthetic catalyst of ultra-large pore crystalline material. The new crystalline material exhibits unusually large sorption capacity demonstrated by its benzene adsorption capacity of greater than about 15 grams benzene/100 grams at 50 torr and 25.degree. C., a hexagonal electron diffraction pattern that can be indexed with a d.sub.100 value greater than about 18 Angstrom Units and a hexagonal arrangement of uniformly sized pores with a maximum perpendicular cross section of at least about 13 Angstrom units.A new process is provided for catalytic oligomerization of olefin feedstock which comprises contacting the feedstock under catalytic conversion conditions with acid metallosilicate solid catalyst having the structure of MCM-41 with hexagonal honeycomb lattice structure consisting essentially of uniform pores in the range of about 20 to 100 Angstroms. The oligomerization reaction is very selective, especially when conducted at temperature of about 40.degree.

Abstract: A process for upgrading aliphatic feedstocks containing lower olefins employing new synthetic catalyst of ultra-large pore crystalline material. The new crystalline material exhibits unusually large sorption capacity demonstrated by its benzene adsorption capacity of greater than about 15 grams benzene/100 grams at 50 torr and 25.degree. C., a hexagonal electron diffraction pattern that can be indexed with a d.sub.100 value greater than about 18 Angstrom Units and a hexagonal arrangement of uniformly sized pores with a maximum perpendicular cross section of at least about 13 Angstrom units. A new process is provied for catalytic oligomerization of lower olefin component in paraffin-containing mixed aliphatic feedstock which comprises contacting the feedstock under catalytic conversion conditions with acid metallosilicate solid catalyst having the structure of MCM-41 with hexagonal honeycomb lattice structure consisting essentially of uniform pores in the range of about 20 to 100 Angstroms.

Abstract: A process for upgrading olefinic feedstocks containing lower olefins employing new synthetic catalyst of ultra-large pore crystalline material. The new crystalline material exhibits unusually large sorption capacity demonstrated by its benzene adsorption capacity of greater than about 15 grams benzene/100 grams at 50 torr and 25.degree. C., a hexagonal electron diffraction pattern that can be indexed with a d.sub.100 value greater than about 18 Angstrom Units and a hexagonal arrangement of uniformly sized pores with a maximum perpendicular cross section of at least about 13 Angstrom units. A multistage process is provided for catalytic oligomerization of lower olefin which comprises contacting olefinic feedstock under catalytic conversion conditions with acid metallosilicate solid catalyst having the structure of MCM-41 with hexagonal honeycomb lattice structure consisting essentially of uniform pores in the range of about 20 to 100 Angstroms.

Abstract: A process is provided which comprises: (a) contacting at least one olefinic compound with an alkali metal/alkali metal carbonate catalyst system at a temperature below the dimerization temperature range of the dimerization reaction; followed by (b) heating said olefin compound and said alkali metal carbonate catalyst system to a temperature in said dimerization temperature range.

Abstract: Catalyst systems containing a catalyst and catalyst support are presented. The catalyst comprises elemental alkali metal and a metal oxide where the metal in the oxide comes from the lanthanide series. Optionally, a promoter is included in the catalyst. The catalyst support comprises an alkali metal carbonate with optionally a carbonaceous compound. This catalyst system can be used to reduce isomerization losses associated with the production of higher alpha-olefins from lower alpha-olefins.

Abstract: A solid, acid catalyst, supported or unsupported, comprised of an anion modified Group IVB oxide is used to dimerize C.sub.3 or C.sub.4 containing feedstreams.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a non-nickel-containing catalyst which is effective for use in the production of dimer products and higher olefin products from a butene starting material at relatively high conversion, good selectivity towards octene production and good activity maintenance over prolonged polymerization times. The catalyst is prepared by impregnating an amorphous trivalent metal oxide support selected from the group consisting of aluminum oxide, gallium oxide and indium oxide with a silicon-containing precursor compound which, after calcination, yields a substantial mono layer of SiO.sub.2 on the surface of the metal oxide support. A disperse layer of TiO.sub.2 is then deposited on the surface of the SiO.sub.2 monolayer by application of a solvent solution of a precursor compound containing titanium onto the SiO.sub.2 monolayer, followed by calcination to reduce the precursor titanium compound to TiO.sub.2.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for preparing synthetic lubricant base stocks having improved properties. Synthetic lubricant base stocks may be prepared in good yield by oligomerizing linear olefins using certain acidic calcium montmorillonite clay catalysts. When a mixture of 1,3-di-isopropenyl benzene and long-chain alpha-olefin is used, in which up to about 20 wt. % of the mixture comprises 1,3-di-isopropenyl benzene, and the co-oligomers prepared therefrom are hydrogenated, a synthetic lubricant base stock having a lower pour point and a higher viscosity is prepared.

Abstract: The thermal stability of synthetic lubricants composed of alpha-olefin oligomers is improved by reaction with an olefin such as decene or the lower molecular weight, non-lubricant range olefins produced in the course of the oligomerization of 1-alkenes. The alkylation of the lube range oligomer is carried out using acidic alkylation catalyst such as solid, open-pore catalyst, e.g., fluorided alumina.The improved lubricant compositions of the present invention comprise a high viscosity index liquid lubricant oligomer composition containing C.sub.30 -C.sub.1300 hydrocarbons with at least one higher alkyl branch per oligomer molecule, said alkyl branch containing between 12 and 40 carbon atoms. In a preferred embodiment the novel alkylated lubricant composition has a methyl to methylene branch ratio of less than 0.19 and pour point below -15.degree. C.

Abstract: A novel composition is disclosed that is particularly useful as a lubricant viscosity index improver. The composition comprises branched branched C.sub.30 -C.sub.10000 hydrocarbons that have a branch ratio of less than 0.19 and viscosity at 100.degree. C. between 725 CS and 15,000 cS. The novel compositions comprise the product of the oligomerization of C.sub.6 to C.sub.20 alpha-olefin feedstock, or mixtures thereof, under oligomerization conditions at a temperature between -20.degree. C. and +90.degree. C. in contact with a reduced valence state Group VIB metal catalyst on porous support. The compositions have viscosities at 100.degree. C. between 725 cS and 15,000 cS. Using the foregoing compositions in admixture with mineral oil and synthetic lubricants provides novel lubricant blends that show an elevated viscosity index. The mixtures also show an increased stability to shear stress at high temperature with all blends notable by exhibiting Newtonian flow.

Abstract: A catalyst for promoting the molecular restructuring of the components of hydrocarbons to form desired products. The catalyst comprises copper salts, copper acetate being particularly preferred, in combination with anhydrous aluminum chloride. The catalyst can be used with either gaseous hydrocarbon raw materials such as natural gas, refinery gas, biomass decomposition gases, and similar materials, or with solids, meltable solids, or liquid hydrocarbon-containing raw materials including tar sands, oil shale, waxes, asphaltic compositions and the like. In the case of gaseous raw materials, the gases are preferably brought into contact with the copper salt coated on a catalyst support such as refractory alumina, in the presence of anhydrous aluminum chloride, which can be in vaporous form, in a continuous process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the oligomerization of light olefins or mixtures thereof, wherein a reaction is brought about between olefins with a carbon number of between 2 and 20 and synthetic zeolites containing silicon, titanium and gallium oxides which in the calcined, anyhdrous state have the following empirical formula:pHGaO.sub.2 .multidot.qZTiO.sub.2 .multidot.SiO.sub.2,where p is of a value greater than zero and less than or equal to 0.050 and q is of value greater than zero and less than or equal to 0.025, with the H.sup.+ of HGaO.sub.2 being at least partly exchangeable or exchanged with cations.

Abstract: In processes for dimerization of olefins in the presence of potassium catalysts, plugging of the catalyst bed may be avoided by purging with certain aliphatic hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A process for producing oligomers from alpha-olefins, such as 1-decene, in which the olefins are oligomerized over a supported, reduced metal oxide catalyst from Group VIB of the Periodic Table to give oligomers with a branch ratio of less than 0.19. The catalyst, preferably a chromium/silica catalyst the catalyst can be regenerated to allow repeated recycling of the catalyst without a loss in yield of the oligomer product. The regeneration process comprises: (i) purging or stripping the deactivated catalyst with inert gas at elevated temperature to strip unreacted olefin and oligomer product from the catalyst; (ii) contacting the deactivated and purged catalyst with a stream of oxidizing gas while heating to elevated temperature to oxidize the metal component of the catalyst and remove carbonaceous deposits from the catalyst; (iii) cooling the oxidized catalyst and contacting it with a stream of reducing gas to reduce the metal component of the oxidized catalyst to a lower valence state.

Abstract: Crystalline silica-titania catalyst compositions, optionally containing magnesium, are disclosed; the titanium is introduced through the use of organo-titanate chelates wherein the titanium has a coordination number of at least 5. The compositions are used in acid-catalyzed reactions such as alkylation reactions.

Abstract: Catalyst supports, catalyst systems, methods for the preparation thereof, in dimerization processes therewith are provided. Catalyst supports are prepared from potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, an alumina-containing compound, and water. Catalyst systems comprise of at least one elemental alkali metal deposited on the catalyst support. Optionally, the catalyst system further comprises of at least one promoter.

Abstract: Olefin oligomerization employing as a catalyst(a) a ferrierite of the following approximate formula:M.sub.x/n (T.sup.III O.sub.2).sub.x (Si.sup.IV O.sub.2).sub.36-xwhereT.sup.III represents at least one element selected from the group of boron (B.sup.III), aluminum (Al.sup.III), gallium (Ga.sup.III) and iron (Fe.sup.III);x ranges from 0.05 to 6.6;M is a compensation cation; andn is the valence of M;(b) an X-ray diffraction diagram shown in Table 1 of the description;(c) a fluorine content after synthesis ranging from about 0.01 to 1.6% by weight; and(d) a Si.sup.IV /T.sup.III molar ratio of at least about 4.75.

Abstract: A process is described for the gas-phase condensation of natural gas or methane into gasoline-range hydrocarbons comprising the steps of: (a) reacting a mixture of methane and acetylene in the presence of a solid superacid catalyst to form isobutene, and (b) converting the isobutene product into gasoline-range hydrocarbons in the presence of a crystalline silicate zeolite catalyst.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for improving the thermal stability of polyalpha-olefin lubricants by contacting the lubricant with an acidic catalyst for a time and at a temperature sufficient to achieve the skeletal isomerization of the molecular structure of the lubricant. The reaction is carried out preferably on unhydrogenated synthetic lubricants in contact with Lewis acid catalysts. Following the isomerization reaction, the unsaturated lubricant is hydrogenated to produce lubricant with better thermal stability. Surprisingly, when the isomerization reaction is carried out using unsaturated oligomer produced from the oligomerization of alpha-olefins in contact with reduced Group VIB metal oxide catalyst on porous support as starting material the viscometric properties of the lubricant, e.g., viscosity and VI, are not significantly altered, although the thermal stability of the lubricant is substantially increased. The reaction of the present invention may be carried out in the presence of a solvent or neat.

Abstract: An improved process is disclosed for the conversion of natural gas into middle distillates. In the process, natural gas is converted into synthesis gas or syngas consisting essentially of carbonmonoxide and hydrogen. The syngas is contacted with a series of three catalyst beds comprising of an admixture of oxides of copper, zinc and aluminium in the first bed, an oxide of aluminium in the second bed and silicate salt of a rare earth metal in the third bed. From the aqueous phase, the olefinic hydrocarbons are separated and then converted into oligomers boiling in the middle distillates range by contacting with solid oligomerization catalyst. The oligiomers in admixture with hydrogen are then converted into middle distillates by contacting the admixture with a hydrogenation catalyst. The middle distillates are well known for their varied applications as fuel and illuminators.

Abstract: A crystalline, galliosilicate molecular sieve having the erionite-type structure and the following composition expressed in terms of oxide mole ratios in the anhydrous state:Ga.sub.2 O.sub.3 :xSiO.sub.2 :yM.sub.2 O:zN.sub.2 O:tQ.sub.2 Owhere M is an alkali metal, preferably sodium, N is an alkali metal other than M, preferably potassium, Q is a cation derived from the templating agent used in synthesizing the galliosilicate molecular sieve, preferably a choline cation, x equals 5.5 to 30, y equals 0.1 to 0.9, z equals 0.1 to 0.9, t equals 0.1 to 0.6 and y+z+t equals about 1.0. The crystalline, galliosilicate molecular sieve of the invention may be employed, after reducing its alkali metal content, as a component of a catalyst which can be used in a variety of chemical conversion processes, preferably hydrocarbon conversion processes, and most preferably hydrodewaxing, hydrocracking and isomerization processes.

Abstract: Catalyst supports, catalyst systems, methods for the preparation thereof, and dimerization process therewith are provided catalyst supports are prepared from an alkali metal carbonate, water, water soluble ketone and optionally at least one carbonaceous compound. Catalyst systems comprise at least one elemental alkali metal deposited on the catalyst support. Optionally, the catalyst system further comprises at least one promoter.

Abstract: A process for producing liquid oligomers useful as lubricants from alpha-olefins feedstock, such as 1-decene. The olefins are oligomerized over a supported and reduced metal oxide catalyst from Group VIB of the Periodic Table to produce the oligomers. The chromium-on-silica oligomerization catalysts can be regenerated to allow repeated recycling of the catalyst with reduced losses in yield of the lubricant. The regeneration process is particularly useful to regenerate catalyst deactivated during the course of oligomerization at high temperatures to produce low viscosity HVI-PAO lubricant. The regeneration process is carried out by (i) purging the deactivated catalyst with inert gas to strip unreacted olefin and lubricant product; (ii) contacting the purged catalyst with a stream of oxidizing gas at an elevated temperature to oxidize the carbonaceous deposits; and (iii) cooling the catalyst and contacting it with a stream of reducing gas to reduce the metal component to a lower valence state.

Abstract: A process is disclosed to produce liquid oligomers from alpha-olefins feedstock, such as 1-decene, wherein said oligomers have branch ratios below 0.19 and have higher viscosity indices than oligomers with higher branch ratios. The olefins can be oligomerized over a supported and reduced metal oxide catalyst from Group VIB of the Periodic Table to give oligomers suitable for lubricant application. A preferred catalyst is lower valence state chromium on silica support. Surprisingly, it has been found that in the oligomerization of the alpha-olefins in a fixed bed reactor containing extruded catalyst the viscosity of the lubricant produced can be selectively controlled by carrying out the oligomerization at essentially constant oligomerization temperature while varying the olefin feedstock weight hourly space velocity (WHSV), based on catalyst, in correspondence with the preferred product viscosity.

Abstract: A composition comprises a physical mixture of (i) and oxide of molybdenum and/or tungsten supported by a silica-containing material and (ii) a pillared interlayered clay. This composition is used as catalyst in the conversion of C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 monoolefins to C.sub.5 -C.sub.12 hydrocarbons.

Abstract: Catalyst supports, catalyst systems, methods for the preparation thereof, and dimerization process therewith are provided catalyst supports are prepared from an alkali metal carbonate, water, alcohol, and optionally at least one carbonaceous compound. Catalyst systems comprise at least one elemental alkali metal deposited on the catalyst support. Optionally, the catalyst system further comprises at least one promoter.

Abstract: Catalysts and processes for the dimerization or co-dimerization of dimerizable olefins are provided. The catalysts comprise at least one elemental alkali metal and a finely divided glass promoter on an alkali metal carbonate support. Optionally, the support may also contain a carbonaceous component, an inorganic metal oxide or stainless steel. The finely divided glass promoter may be combined with finely divided stainless steel, elemental copper, or elemental cobalt.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for oligomerizing light olefins or mixtures thereof, which consists in reacting said olefins, possibly diluted with an inert gas, by means of synthetic zeolites containing oxides of silicon, titanium and iron, having, in their calcined and anhydrous state, the following empirical formula:pHFeO.sub.2. qTiO.sub.2.SiO.sub.2,wherein p has a value larger than zero and smaller than, or equal to, 0.050 and g has a value larger than zero and smaller than, or equal to 0.025, and the H.sup.+ of HFeO.sub.2 can be at least partially substitutable or substituted with cations.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for oligomerizing light olefins or their mixtures, which consists in reacting said olefins, possibly diluted with an inert gas, by means of synthetic zeolites containing oxides of silicon, titanium and aluminum, which have, in their calcined and anhydrous state, the following empirical formula:pHAlO.sub.2 .multidot.qTiO.sub.2 .multidot.SiO.sub.2'wherein p has a vlue larger than zero and smaller than, or equal to, 0.050 and g has a value larger than zero and smaller than, or equal to, 0.025, and the H.sup.+ of HAlO.sub.2 can be at least partially substitutable or substituted with cations.

Abstract: A process for oligomerizing alpha olefin to produce lubricant range hydrocarbon stock including the step of contacting said alpha olefin with a supported solid reduced Group VIB (e.g., chromium) catalyst under oligomerization conditions at a temperature of about 90.degree. to 250.degree. C. to produce liquid lubricant hydrocarbon. The product comprises the polymeric residue of linear C.sub.6 -C.sub.20 1-alkenes, said composition having a branch ratio of less than 0.19. The weight average molecular weight is between 420 and 45,000, number average molecular weight between 420 and 18,000, molecular weight distribution between 1 and 5 and pour point below -15.degree. C. The hydrogenated lubricant range hydrocarbon product has viscosity index of about 130 to 280 and viscosity up to about 750 cS.