Abstract: The invention relates to the use of isobutene-containing olefin feedstock in oligomerization reactions, particularly in the production of octenes as feedstock for the manufacture of plasticizer alcohols, the process comprising contacting a feed comprising isobutene with a molecular sieve at a temperature in excess of 240° C. to produce a product low in triple-branched octenes.

Abstract: A process is described for obtaining a 1,3-butadiene homopolymer by the reaction of a catalytic system in the presence of 1,3-butadiene and one or more monoolefin(s) with 4 carbon atoms. This catalytic system is based on at least: a conjugated diene monomer, an organic phosphoric acid salt of one or more rare earth metals, said salt being in suspension in at least one inert, saturated and aliphatic or alicyclic hydrocarbon solvent, an alkylating agent of the formula AlR3 or HAlR2, where R is an alkyl group, and an alkylaluminum halide halogen donor.

Abstract: A process for preparing ?-olefins from ethylene wherein the ?-olefins are substantially free of olefins having greater than 12 carbon atoms comprises contacting ethylene under oligomerization conditions with a 2,6-bis(phenylimino) pyridyl metal halide catalyst in which the metal is Fe, Ni, Co or Pd.

Abstract: A process for preparing a substantially linear olefinic hydrocarbon mixture is described in which a lower olefin feed comprising one or more C3 to C6 lower olefins is contacted in the presence of water and under olefin oligomerization conditions with a catalyst comprising surface-deactivated ZSM-23.

Abstract: Olefins are oligomerized by contacting an olefin with a catalyst system that is comprised of a) at least one transition metal complex that is complexed with a polydentate complexing ligand and b) an alkylaluminoxane, each component being present in such amounts that the molar ratio of aluminum transition metal is greater than 10, wherein at least part of the amount of the transition metal complex is added continuously or in portions during the oligomerization.

Abstract: Alkenes, such as normal butenes in a mixed C4 stream are oligomerized, preferably to dimers, which are dimerized in a distillation column reactor over ZSM-57 zeolite catalyst at high conversions and high selectivity to octenes. Prior to oligomerization the mixed C4 stream is pretreated to remove dimethyl ether, butadienes and sulfur compounds.

Abstract: Butene oligomer derivatives having tert-butyl groups as one of the terminal groups, having a repeating unit of the main hydrocarbon chain consisting of 80% by mole or more of —CH2C(CH3)2—, and carrying the other terminal group consisting of 60% by mole or more of 1,4-butanediol type functional groups. These derivatives are useful as macromonomers which can be subjected to polycondensation, polyaddition, etc.

Abstract: A process for oligomerising alkenes having from 3 to 6 carbon atoms which comprises contacting a feedstock comprising a) one or several alkenes having x carbon atoms, and, b) optionally, one or several alkenes having y carbon atoms, x and y being different, with a catalyst containing a zeolite of the MFS structure type, under conditions to obtain selectively oligomeric product containing predominant amounts of certain oligomers. The process is carried out at a temperature comprised between 125 and 175° C. when the feedstock contains only alkenes with 3 carbon atoms and between 140 and 240° C., preferably between 140 and 200° C. when the feedstock contains comprises at least one alkene with 4 or more carbon atoms.

Abstract: A catalyst used for trimerization of ethylene into 1-hexene is descrobed, which comprises (i) a specific organometallic complex having a neutral multidentate ligand having a tripod structure, (ii) an alkylaluminoxane, and an optional ingredient selected from: (iii) a halogenated inorganic compound, (iv) a specific alkyl group-containing compound, (v) a combination of a halogenated inorganic compound with a specific alkyl group-containing compound, (vi) an amine compound and/or an amide compound, and (vii) a combination of an amine compound and/or an amide compound with a specific alkyl group-containing compound.

Abstract: In a process for oligomerizing C6-olefins by reactin of a C6-olefin-containing reaction mixture over a nickel-containing fixed-bed catalyst, the reaction over the fixed-bed catalyst is run at a conversion to oligomerized C6-olefins of not more than 30% by weight, based on the reaction mixture.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising A) a stationary acid component selected from the group consisting of a perfluorinated ion exchange polymer on an inert support, a silane modified perfluorosulfonic acid, and a sulfated metal oxide; and B) a mobile acid component selected from the group consisting of chlorosulfonic acid, fluorosulfonic acid, a fluorinated monosulfonic acid, a fluorinated sulfonimide, a fluorinated disulfonic acid, and an adjunct acid mixture is disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing 1-indanones of formula I: and isomers thereof, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and R6 independently represent H or a C1-C20 hydrocarbon group or R1 and R2 or R2 and R3 or R3 and R4 and/or R5 and R6 together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a saturated or unsaturated 5- or 6-membered ring, said hydrocarbon group and/or said ring optionally containing one or more hetero atoms, said ring optionally being substituted with a C1-C4 hydrocarbon group, said process comprising reacting a compound of formula II: wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and R6 have the same meaning as defined above, with a chlorinating agent, followed by reaction with a Friedel-Crafts catalyst. The invention further relates to the preparation of the corresponding indenes.

Abstract: The preparation is disclosed of an extruded catalyst based on a silica/alumina gel, which catalyst is particularly active in acid-catalyzed reactions, such as the oligomerization of light olefins, e.g., propylene.

Abstract: A process for the catalytic conversion of hydrocarbons, in particular for the oligomerization of olefins wherein the catalyst comprises a zeolite which is at least partially in its acid form. The zeolite is a NU-86 zeolite comprising silicon and at least one element T selected from the group formed by aluminum, iron, gallium and boron, preferably aluminum, characterized in that element T has been extracted from the framework, and in that it has a global Si/T atomic ratio of more than about 20. Element T is extracted from the zeolitic framework (or network) by means of at least one heat treatment, optionally carried out in the presence of steam, followed by at least one acid attack using at least one solution of a mineral or organic acid, or by direct acid attack.

Abstract: A catalyst for removing olefins from aromatic compounds or mixtures of aromatic compounds wherein the catalyst is a naturally acidic smectite clay containing exchangeable cations wherein the naturally acidic smectite clay has a cation exchange capacity of 40 to 80 meq./100 g. and wherein the exchangeable cations include 5 to 70 meq./100 g. of Al.sup.3+ cations, a process for the preparation of this catalyst including treating a naturally acidic smectite clay with an aluminum salt solution wherein the salt solution includes Al.sup.3+ ions at a concentration of at least 10 meq./100 g. of the catalyst, and a process for the removal of olefins from aromatic compounds or mixtures of aromatic compounds using the above-described catalyst.

Abstract: A catalyst is described on the basis of acid-activated smectitic clay minerals for removing olefins from aromatic compounds or mixtures of aromatic compounds which is characterized in that the acid-activated clay mineral contains at least 5 milli-equivalents/100 g of exchangeable Al.sup.3+ cations.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel catalyst system which can be preferably used in the trimerization, oligomerization reaction or polymerization reaction of an olefin, and a method for the trimerization, oligomerization or polymerization reaction of an olefin, which comprises using the catalyst system. A catalyst system obtained by contacting the following components (A) to (C):(A) a chromium compound,(B) an imine compound, and(C) a metal alkyl compound, and a method for the trimerization, oligomerization or polymerization reaction of an olefin, which comprises using the catalyst system are disclosed.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of linear alpha-olefins is disclosed. The process employs, for the purposes of oligomerizing an unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon to linear alpha-olefins, a catalyst mixture comprising titanium aryl and/or titanium alkoxide, organoaluminum halide and optionally one or more additives selected from a group containing phosphorus, oxygen and sulphur compounds.

Abstract: Disclosed are hot-melt adhesive compositions suitable for the manufacture of soft goods. They have a melt viscosity of 60,000 mPa.s or less at a temperature of 120.degree. C. and include: (a) 50 to 150 parts by weight of a styrenic block copolymer or mixtures and/or modified and/or hydrogenated derivatives thereof; (b) 20 to 450 parts by weight of a tackifying resin which, when incorporated into a reference composition, leads to the following properties:a tan .delta. value of 3.5 or less, wherein tan .delta. is defined as the ratio between the loss modulus and the storage modulus of said composition andan elastic retention on spandex fibers (300%) or natural latex rubber (200%) after 4 h at 40.degree. C. of 70% or more; anda crossover temperature of 95.degree. C. or less.Further disclosed are novel partially hydrogenated hydrocarbon resins which are useful as tackifying resins and have the following properties: (a) a R&B softening point (R&B) of 50.degree. C. to 150.degree. C.

Abstract: Catalysts and processes are described to make low molecular weight, essentially terminally-unsaturated, viscous poly(1-olefin) or copoly(1-olefin) having a high terminal vinylidine content from a feed stock containing one or more 1-olefin and other volatile hydrocarbon liquids using a Ziegler catalyst made from a Group IVb metallocene and an aluminoxane cocatalyst, particularly bis(cyclopentadienyl) and bis(indenyl) titanium(IV), zirconium(IV) or hafnium(IV) compounds and methylaluminoxane. A particularly useful feed stock is a refinery stream containing 1-olefins and isobutylene which is used to make polyisobutylene.

Abstract: A catalyst composition for a process of oligomerising ethylene to produce 1-butene and/or 1-hexene wherein the catalytic composition is obtained by mixing at least one chromium compound with at least one aryloxy aluminum compound with general formula R.sub.n Al(R'O).sub.3-n where R is a linear or branched hydrocarbyl radical containing 1 to 30 carbon atoms, R'O is an aryloxy radical containing 6 to 80 carbon atoms and n is a whole number which can take the values 0, 1 or 2, and with at least one other hydrocarbyl aluminum compound selected from tris(hydrocarbyl)aluminum compounds or chlorinated or brominated hydrocarbyl aluminum compounds.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of a compound of the formula IV or IVa ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 -R.sup.5 are preferably hydrogen or alkyl, which comprises reacting a compound I ##STR2## with a compound II ##STR3## in which X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 are preferably halogen, to give the corresponding indanones, which are converted into the compounds IV and IVa by reduction and dehydration. The compounds IV and IVa are important intermediate products for the preparation of chiral metallocene complexes which are suitable catalyst components for olefin polymerization.

Abstract: A process is provided to trimerize or oligomerize olefins in the presence of an olefin oligomerization catalyst and a solvent which is a product of the olefin oligomerization process.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of a compound of the formula IV or IVa ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 -R.sup.5 are preferably hydrogen or alkyl, which comprises reacting a compound I ##STR2## with a compound II ##STR3## in which X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 are preferably halogen, to give the corresponding indanones, which are converted into the compounds IV and IVa by reduction and dehydration. The compounds IV and IVa are important intermediate products for the preparation of chiral metallocene complexes which are suitable catalyst components for olefin polymerization.

Abstract: For obtaining of improved purity of light alpha olefines produced by oligomerization of ethylene, the ethylene is placed in contact with a catalyst obtained by mixture of a zirconium compound with an organic compound selected from the class of acetals and ketals and with a chlorinated or brominated aluminium hydrocarbyl compound, and that the raw oligomerization effluent is firstly treated with an amine, then subjected to vaporization so as to collect the alpha olefines in the vaporized fraction.

Abstract: A process is described for the production of synthetic basestocks from an alpha-olefin feedstock with carbon number in the range C.sub.7 -C.sub.30 the feedstock having origin in an ethylene polymerization process, the process comprising contacting the feedstock with a solid or soluble cationic AlCl.sub.3 catalyst. After separation and distilling out of the light fraction of the oligomer, a basestock of excellent viscometric, rheological and thermal stability properties is obtained. The basestocks so obtained are also described.

Abstract: Ethylene is effectively oligomerized to linear alpha-olefins using catalyst systems based on transition metal compounds. It has been found that when the reaction is conducted in a polar organic liquid as solvent, incorporation of water into the solvent at levels of 1 to 10 weight percent increases alpha-olefin purity and also influences the Schulz-Flory distribution.

Abstract: A process is described for coproducing vinylidene alcohol and vinylidene olefin. The process involves dimerizing one or more vinylolefins with an alkyl aluminum catalyst to form a first product mixture comprising at least vinylidene olefin and alkyl aluminum compound. The vinylidene olefin is then reacted with the alkyl aluminum compound under displacement conditions to form 1-olefin while concurrently removing the 1-olefin from the displacement reaction mixture to form a second product mixture comprising at least beta-branched alkyl aluminum compound. The second product mixture is treated with air or oxygen under mild oxidation conditions to form a third product mixture comprising at least beta-branched aluminum alkoxide. The beta-branched aluminum alkoxide is then hydrolyzed to form vinylidene alcohol. The process makes effective use of the alkyl aluminum catalyst both as a catalyst and as a reactant, and requires only a relatively small amount of reaction equipment.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the converting ethylene to a mixture of 1-olefins by (a) feeding ethylene through an oligomerization catalyst bed to form an oligomer predominating in C2-C6 olefins and (b) feeding the oligomer, optionally admixed with fresh ethylene, containing at least 50% by volume ethylene, through a metathesis catalyst bed to form a product predominating in C2-C6 1-olefins. Steps (a) and (b) can be carried out sequentially and in a single reactor under the same conditions of reaction temperature and pressure. This mitigates the perceived disadvantages of low activity and low conversions of relatively inexpensive oligomerization catalysts and forms oligomer having the desired distribution of 1-olefin components for use as comonomer in a polyolefin process.

Abstract: A process for the polymerization of one or more conjugated dienes by means of a rare earth based catalyst in which the catalyst is formed by bringing together in liquid hydrocarbon medium in the presence of a small portion of conjugated diene: a) a rare earth salt, b) an organo aluminum and c) a silicon halide or organosilicon halide and aging the catalyst before contact with the conjugated diene(s) to be polymerized. This catalyst formation procedure offers the possibility of producing a diene polymer of high cis content with a narrower molecular weight distribution and/or smaller high molecular weight fraction which is reflected in improved processing characteristics and reduced viscosity in styrene.

Abstract: In a process for the oligomerization of C.sub.2 -C.sub.12 -alkenes, an alkene-containing feedstock having a water content of from 0.05 to 0.25 molar %, based on the hydrocarbon content of the feedstock, is passed over a zeolite catalyst. Improved alkene conversion and catalyst life are obtained compared to processes in which non-hydrated feedstocks are used.

Abstract: A catalytic system to polymerize diolefinic monomers consists of a lanthanide salt, an organometallic compound of a metal belonging to groups I, II and III of the periodic table of elements and an organometallic compound of boron. The polymers obtained are characterized in that they have a high degree of 1,4 chain units and ratio between 1.4-cis/1,4-trans units which can vary as desired, and also a narrow molecular weight distribution.

Abstract: A supported catalyst component for an olefin polymerization catalyst comprising a solid particulate support, a magnesium halide, and optionally a Group 4 or 5 transition metal compound, a Group 2 or 13 organometal compound, and an electron donor, wherein a majority of particles of the solid particulate support is in the form of an agglomerate of subparticles. A process for preparing this supported catalyst component. A catalyst composition comprising this catalyst component and a cocatalyst. An olefin polymerization process using such a catalyst composition.

Abstract: An amorphous, micro/mesoporous silica-alumina gel with controlled pore size, having a surface area of at least 500 m.sup.2 /g and with a molar ratio of SiO.sub.2 :Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 of at least 30:1, is prepared by hydrolysing and causing a tetra-alkyl ammonium hydroxide, an aluminum trialkoxide, and a tetra-alkyl orthosilicate to gelate, by operating at a temperature equal to, or higher than, the boiling temperature, under atmospheric pressure, of any alcohols which are developed as a by-product from said hydrolysis reaction, without said alcohols being removed, or being substantially removed, from the reaction media; and the so produced gel being dried and fired. So obtained gel is an active catalyst in hydrocarbon conversion reactions, in particular in light olefin isomerization and oligomerization processes, e.g., in propylene oligomerization processes to yield useful liquid hydrocarbons for gasoline and jet fuel formulation.

Abstract: The present invention provides borohydrides that are useful in reducing aldol condensation and subsequent polymer formation in caustic scrubbers. The borohydrides are believed to react with reactive carbonyls yielding more stable alcohols and a salt of the borohydride which remains water soluble, and thus is unlikely to be carried out with the hydrocarbon phase. The borohydrides of the present invention have the potential to reduce reactive carbonyls at a molar ratio as high as about 4:1::carbonyl:borohydride. A preferred borohydride is sodium borohydride (sodium tetrahydroborate).

Abstract: This invention deals with viscosity improvers which are obtained through the use of a mixed catalyst system comprising a primary and/or secondary organo halide and a Lewis acid catalyst.

Abstract: A process for the production of hydrocarbon lubricant basestock comprises contacting C.sub.2 to C.sub.20 alpha-olefin feedstock, or mixtures thereof, e.g., 1-decene, under heterogeneous oligomerization conditions with a catalyst comprising halides of a metal component anchored on an adsorbent inorganic oxide solid, e.g., silica, by an oxygen-metal bond to provide a reaction mixture containing said hydrocarbon lubricant basestock. The catalyst is prepared by contacting the inorganic oxide solid with organic metal halide of the formula RMXY wherein R is alkyl or aryl, M is aluminum, X is halogen and Y is selected from the group consisting of halogen, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkoxy, and amido moieties.

Abstract: The invention provides a two-step process for converting cyclopentadiene dimer to a high density fuel mixture comprising the steps of:(a) reacting said cyclopentadiene dimer in the presence of a solid catalyst comprising a porous crystalline material having a Constraint Index of from about 0.1 to about 12 under oligomerization/isomerization conditions to convert at least a portion of said cyclopentadiene dimer to a normally liquid intermediate product containing cyclopentadiene trimer, cyclopentadiene tetramer, and the isomerized and oligomerized products derived from the reaction of at least three cyclopentadiene monomer units;(b) hydrogenating said normally liquid intermediate product of step (a) in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst to form a normally liquid high energy density fuel.

Abstract: Process for oligomerizing ethylene into light alpha olefins, mainly 1-butene, 1-hexene, 1-octene and 1-decene, in which the ethylene is contacted with a catalyst obtained by mixing a zirconium compound with an organic compound chosen from within the class of acetals and ketals and with a chlorine or bromine-containing compound of aluminum hydrocarbyl.

Abstract: This invention deals with viscosity improvers which are obtained through the use of a mixed catalyst system comprising a tertiary organo halide and a Lewis acid catalyst.

Abstract: A process for the production of polyisobutylene (PIB) from isobutene-containing feed comprises contacting said feed with a catalyst composition comprising halides of a metal component anchored on an adsorbent inorganic oxide solid by an oxygen-metal bond to provide a reaction mixture containing said polyisobutylene; and thereafter separating and recovering said polyisobutylene.

Abstract: Poly-n-butene is prepared from a mixed C.sub.4 hydrocarbon feedstream containing less than about 5 wt. % isobutylene using an AlCl.sub.3 -HCl catalyst system wherein the HCl is introduced separately into the feedstream to form organochloride in the feedstream. Polymer product having a very narrow molecular weight distribution is obtained over the M.sub.n range of 300 to 900.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a process for preparing a liquid polymer using a mixed catalyst system comprising a primary organo halide and a Lewis acid catalyst.

Abstract: Process for the conversion of ethylene into light alpha olefins, mainly 1-butene, 1-hexene and 1-octene, in which the ethylene is contacted with a catalyst obtained by reacting a performed mixture of alkyl zirconate and ether with a chlorine or bromine-containing aluminum compound.

Abstract: A process for the production of synthetic lubricants having high viscosity index by oligomerizing a mixture of alpha-olefins produced from the thermal cracking of slack wax or recycled slack wax. The oligomerization is carried out with a reduced metal oxide catalyst, preferably a carbon monoxide reduced chromium oxide on a silica support. The olefin product from the thermal cracking step is purified, preferably by hydrotreating prior to the oligomerization step.

Abstract: Light olefins are converted to heavier hydrocarbon products, e.g., those boiling in the gasoline, distillate, and/or lube range, under oligomerization reaction conditions in the presence of catalyst comprising zeolite MCM-49.

Abstract: This invention relates to hydrocarbon conversion processes using a catalytic composite which is an amorphous solid solution of phosphorus, silicon and aluminum oxides. The composite is characterized in that it contains from about 5 to about 50 weight percent Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, from about 10 to about 90 weight percent SiO.sub.2 and from about 5 to about 40 weight percent P.sub.2 O.sub.5 and has pores whose average diameters range from about 30 to about 200 Angstroms. The composite is further characterized in that it has a pore volume of about 0.35 to about 0.75 cc/g and a surface area of about 200 to about 420 m.sup.2 /g. The composite may be prepared by forming a mixture of sols of alumina and silica and a phosphorus compound, gelling the mixture to form particles and then calcining the particles to provide the amorphous solid solution. The amorphous composite may be used either as is or with additional catalytic metals (selected from the metals of Group VIB and VIII of the Periodic Table) dispersed thereon.

Abstract: A process of hydrodechlorination of effluents originating from the preparation of hydrocarbon resins is described, the effluents consisting of about 90% of unconverted monomers and containing between 600 and 2500 ppm of organic chlorine. Said hydrodechlorination process comprises subjecting the said effluents to hydrogenation at a temperature of between 200.degree. and 300.degree. C. in the presence of a catalyst, preferably consisting of Ni-Mo supported on .gamma.-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3.

Abstract: This invention deals with viscosity improvers which are obtained through the use of a mixed catalyst system comprising a primary and/or secondary organo halide and a Lewis acid catalyst.

Abstract: Lubricant compositions comprise blends or mixtures of low viscosity, 3-8 cS e.g. about 5 cS(100.degree. C.), HVI lube basestock with higher viscosity, 15 cS+e.g. 30+ cS(100.degree. C.) HVI PAO lube basestock produced from slack wax by thermal cracking to alpha olefins followed by Lewis acid catalyzed oligomerization of the alpha olefin mixture to lube base stock. Blending these components in appropriate proportions produces lube basestock having viscosities in the range of 8-15 cS (100.degree. C.) from which material suitable for the formulation of 10W-30 automobile engine lube can be produced. The blends are notable for exhibiting high VI values greater than that of either component of the blend.