Abstract: Liquid hydrocarbon is prepared with high efficiency from hydrocarbon gas containing C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 paraffinic hydrocarbons and/or C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 olefinic hydrocarbons by bringing the gas into contact with a metallo-silicate catalyst having the following chemical composition in mol %:Si/Me:15-3500OH.sup.- /SiO.sub.2 :0.3-1.0H.sub.2 O/SiO.sub.2 :30-100R/(R+alkali metal):0.05-0.15NaCl/H.sub.2 O:0.01-0.06where R is quaternary alkylammonium cation,alkali metal is Na or K, Me is metal ion of B, Al, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, Ga, Ge, Zr, Mo, W, La or Sc,and having the following acidity per g of catalyst:total acid 0.1-4.5 milli-equivalentstrong acid 0.05-2.0 milli-equivalentweak acid 0.05-3.0 milli-equivalent.

Abstract: Process for conversion of a light olefinic feedstock into gasoline by contact with a zeolite catalyst, characterized in that the catalyst contains at least 0.5% of weight by a Group IA metal oxide, has an X-ray powder diffraction pattern (Co radiation) exhibiting the presence of ZSM-5 zeolite and characterized by a peak in the region 2.theta.=27.0.+-.0.2 which is greater in intensity than peaks at both 2.theta.=9.29.+-.0.2 and 2.theta.=10.25.+-.0.2 degrees.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing distillate and/or lubes employs integrating catalytic (or thermal) dehydrogenation of paraffins with MOGDL. The process feeds the product from a low temperature propane and/or butane dehydrogenation zone into a first catalytic reactor zone, which operates at low pressure and contains zeolite oligomerization catalysts, where the low molecular weight olefins are reacted to primarily gasoline range materials. These gasoline range materials can then be pressurized to the pressure required for reacting to distillate in a second catalytic reactor zone operating at high pressure and containing a zeolite oligomerization catalyst. The distillate is subsequently sent to a hydrotreating unit and product separation zone to form lubes and other finished products.

Abstract: Gasoline capable of further processing into diesel fuel is produced by catalytic conversion of lower olefins, using a zeolite catalyst which has been modified by substituting a significant portion of the cation sites thereof by basic cations. A preferred catalyst comprises a zeolite and a binder, said catalyst containing at least 0.2% by weight of exchangeable basic cations. The gasoline so produced is readily converted by contact with a Friedel Crafts catalyst into a hydrocarbon product having a significant fraction boiling in the distillate range.

Abstract: Provided is a process for producing gasoline having a high octane number or aromatic hydrocarbons by contacting a feed stock containing at least one aliphatic hydrocarbon having 1 to 12 carbon atoms with a catalyst at an elevated temperature said catalyst comprising a zeolite and a fluorine compound, and optionally Group Ib, IIb, IIIa, VI, VIIb or VIII metal in the Periodic Table.

Abstract: Feedstock comprising C.sub.2.sup.+ olefins, C.sub.2 -C.sub.7 paraffins or a mixture thereof is converted to product comprising C.sub.5.sup.+ hydrocarbon compounds over catalyst having been prepared by reacting a high-silica zeolite with an acidic inorganic oxide in the presence of water.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process which is adapted for cyclodimerization of 1,3-butadiene to 4-vinylcyclohexene-1 under Diels-Alder conditions in the presence of a copper-containing ZSM-12.

Abstract: A process for preparing alpha-olefins is provided which comprises:(a) converting a feed containing one or more lower olefins in the presence of a medium pore crystalline silicate zeolite catalyst under reaction conditions providing a mixture of higher olefinic products;(b) contacting at least a part of the mixture of higher olefinic products resulting from step (a) with an alpha-olefin in the presence of a metathesis catalyst under olefin metathesis conditions to provide a mixture of alpha-olefins having a different carbon number than the feed olefin;(c) separating the alpha-olefin product of step (b) into at least two fractions, one fraction containing predominantly lower alpha-olefin hydrocarbons and the other fraction containing predominantly higher alpha-olefin hydrocarbons; and,(d) recycling at least a part of the lower alpha-olefin hydrocarbon fraction resulting from step (c) as feed for step (a).

Abstract: A process is provided for converting light olefin to gasoline, distillate and lube range hydrocarbons which comprises contacting a lower olefin feedstock with acidic zeolite ZSM-48 at elevated pressure and temperature to provide product containing gasoline and distillate range hydrocarbons and a 650.degree. F.+ lube fraction.

Abstract: A process is provided for converting feedstock comprising C.sub.2.sup.+ olefins, C.sub.2 -C.sub.7 paraffins or mixtures thereof to product comprising C.sub.5.sup.+ hydrocarbons over a catalyst comprising zeolite ZSM-58.

Abstract: High VI lube oils are obtained in high yields when lower olefins are polymerized over an aluminosilicate HZSM-5 type catalyst or zeolite beta whose surface Bronsted acid sites have been inactivated with a sterically hindered basic organophosphorus compound.

Abstract: A process is provided for converting feedstock comprising C.sub.2.sup.+ olefins, C.sub.2 -C.sub.7 paraffins or a mixture thereof to conversion product comprising C.sub.5.sup.+ hydrocarbon compounds over a catalyst composition prepared by compositing a high-silica zeolite having a Constraint Index of from 1 to 12 with binder, followed by treating the composite under conditions effective for increasing the catalytic activity of the composition.

Abstract: Improved halided alumina catalysts are prepared by first calcining the gamma-alumina catalyst base at a temperature of 1300.degree.-1800.degree. F. The finished catalyst can be employed for olefin polymerization without need for refrigeration to control the exothermic heat of reaction.

Abstract: The invention is directed to improve the profitability of existing catalytic cracking operations. Specifically, in thermofor catalytic cracking, liquified petroleum gases (LPG) are injected to the internal seal leg of the reactor for converting LPG to more valuable products and to prevent products and feed from surging out of the reaactor vessel.

Abstract: A continuous process for upgrading C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 hydrocarbon feed containing olefins to produce heavier liquid hydrocarbons comprising converting a major portion of C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 olefins in an oligomerization zone by contacting a shape selective medium pore zeolite catalyst at elevated temperature and pressure to make distillate and olefinic gasoline; fractionating the oligomerization stage effluent to provide distillate and gasoline product and a C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 intermediate stream containing isobutane and unconverted propene and butylene; and combining the C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 intermediate stream with a portion of C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 feed and further converting the combined streams in an alkylation zone to make heavier paraffinic hydrocarbons.The olefin feed may be produced by catalytically converting methanol or similar oxygenated hydrocarbons in a known process.

Abstract: An improved heterogeneous catalyst effective to catalyze the oligomerization of ethylene is formed be depositing a bis(1,5-cyclooctadiene)Ni(O) compound onto an omega zeolite or type Y zeolite support. The catalyst is used to oligomerize olefins. The catalyst is particularly effective in terms of selectivity and reactivity in catalyzing the formation of 1-butene from ethylene.

Abstract: An improved heterogeneous catalyst effective to catalyze the oligomerization of ethylene is formed by hydrogenating bis(.eta..sup.5 -cyclopentadienyl) nickel (nickelocene) onto an omega zeolite support in the presence of a small, but effective amount of a promoter. The promoters are oxides of nickel, iron or copper and mixtures thereof. The catalyst is particularly effective in terms of selectivity and reactivity in catalyzing the formation of 1-butene from ethylene.

Abstract: High viscosity lubricants are formed by oligomerizing olefins in two stages. The first stage converts a lower olefin feed to distillate range hydrocarbons in the presence of an aluminosilicate zeolite such as ZSM-5. The distillate effluent from the first stage is further polymerized to lubricant range hydrocarbons at elevated temperatures in the presence of a ditertiary alkylperoxide catalyst.

Abstract: A two-stage process for preparing a C.sub.3 or C.sub.4 olefin tetramer using nickel-containing HZSM-5 zeolite catalyst is disclosed. The tetramer so formed may be used to make high quality middle distillates such as jet fuel or as a petrochemical feed for making detergents.

Abstract: This invention relates to acid catalysis of organic compound feedstock, e.g. conversion of olefins and/or paraffins to higher hydrocarbons, over catalyst material treated in a special way for increasing the acid catalytic activity thereof. In particular, a novel catalyst activation process is followed to enhance the alpha value of high-silica zeolite catalyst by contact with an ammoniacal solution of an alkali metal aluminate under appropriate conditions of time, temperature and pH.

Abstract: A method for converting normally gaseous olefins (esp., ethylene) to normally liquid hydrocarbons wherein the olefin feed is contacted with a siliceous molecular sieve at elevated temperatures and short olefin contact times under high severity conditions favorable for substantial conversion of olefins with maximized liquids productivity. ZSM-5 type zeolites and crystalline borosilicate molecular sieves are particularly preferred catalysts.

Abstract: Substitution of aluminum or gallium for boron or iron contained in the framework of a high silica content zeolite is effected by treating the zeolite in liquid water in the presence of a compound of aluminum or gallium. Catalyst comprising the treated zeolite is used for conducting acid-catalyzed reactions of organic compounds, e.g. olefin/paraffin conversion.

Abstract: This invention relates to a two-stage conversion of olefins into aromatic hydrocarbon mixtures by contacting them in the first stage with a crystalline metal silicate and in the second stage with a crystalline gallium silicate.

Abstract: A halogen-containing alumina catalyst for the polymerization of olefins to liquid polymers containing a major proportion of polymers having a molecular weight higher than the trimers, said catalyst selectively polymerizing isobutene from a mixture of butenes to produce liquid polyisobutene having a molecular weight higher than about 280; said catalyst containing from about 2 to about 20 wt. % chlorine, bromine or a mixture thereof, and being prepared from an alumina having a purity of at least 99% and a surface area greater than about 150 m.sup.2 /g with at least 10% of the pores having a diameter higher than about 200 .ANG.; said preparation being effected by contacting the alumina with a dry gaseous stream comprising a halogenation agent consisting essentially of volatile chlorinated and/or brominated saturated oliphatic organic compound having a vapor pressure of at least 100 mm of Hg at a temperature of 200.degree.-230.degree. C.

Abstract: A process is provided for converting feedstock comprising paraffins, olefins or mixtures thereof to product comprising C.sub.5 + hydrocarbons over a catalyst comprising a high silica crystalline zeolite which has been treated by steps of calcining the crystalline material, contacting the calcined material with solid aluminum fluoride, and converting the aluminum fluoride contacted material to hydrogen form.

Abstract: Olefin upgrading in plural reactors can achieve conversion of lower olefinic feedstock, such as propene, butene, etc., to valuable heavy hydrocarbons containing a lubricant fraction of high viscosity index. Other fuel products, such as (C.sub.10 -C.sub.20) distillate, gasoline and LPG may also be recovered as products. In a preferred process for converting lower olefinic feed to heavier hydrocarbons by contacting the feed with a shape selective medium pore acidic zeolite catalyst at elevated temperature and pressure the catalyst surface is rendered relatively inactive by adding to the olefinic feed an inactivating amount of a sterically-hindered organic base, whereby the catalyst is selectively surface-deactivated, to produce substantially linear heavier hydrocarbons rich in C.sub.10.sup.+ olefins. In the preferred multi-stage process the olefinic feed comprises C.sub.2 -C.sub.

Abstract: A method of synthesizing hydrocarbons from a methane source which includes the steps of contacting a methane with an oxide of a metal which oxide when contacted with methane at between about 500.degree. and 1000.degree. C. is reduced and produces higher hydrocarbon products and water, recovering ethylene from the effluent of the contacting and oligomerizing the ethylene to produce higher hydrocarbon products.

Abstract: A process for converting normally gaseous olefins to higher hydrocarbons by catalytic oligomerization is disclosed wherein a feedstock comprising said olefins and containing a major amount of alkane diluent is contacted with a heterogeneous acid catalyst to produce said higher hydrocarbons.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon conversion with a catalyst comprising 3 to 40 weight percent of a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite and 60 to 97 weight percent of an alumina-magnesia matrix having a magnesia content of 2 to 50 weight percent.

Abstract: A process for upgrading lower olefin to produce heavier hydrocarbons having a substantially linear molecular conformation comprising contacting olefinic feedstock under oligomerization conditions at reaction temperature and pressure favorable to formation of higher molecular weight aliphatic hydrocarbons with a shape selective medium pore acidic crystalline ferrosilicate zeolite catalyst having a major portion of zeolitic iron in tetrahedral coordination therein.

Abstract: A two-stage process is provided whereby in the first stage light olefins are converted over a shape selective acid catalyst to gasoline and distillate liquids which are then converted in a second catalytic stage under milder conditions over a small crystal acid catalyst to yield lube range products having superior viscosity index properties.

Abstract: In a continuous process for upgrading lower olefin feedstock to higher hydrocarbons including the steps of combining olefinic feedstock with a pressurized liquid diluent stream comprising C.sub.5.sup.+ olefins, contacting the diluted feedstock with a shape selective medium pore acid zeolite catalyst under reaction conditions at elevated temperature in a pressurized reactor zone to convert olefins and recover reactor effluent at reaction conditions; an improvement has been found which comprises:heating and separating reactor effluent in a primary phase separation zone to vaporize light and middle distillate hydrocarbon components into a first vapor phase stream and recover a heavy liquid stream from the primary separation zone, said heavy liquid stream containing at least 50% of those C.sub.20.sup.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon streams containing primarily olefins such as ethylene up to and inclusive of C.sub.16 olefins are converted at elevated pressures to high viscosity index lube oil base stock by contacting them with a ZSM-5 type zeolite catalyst which has been conditioned by previous contact with a light olefin preferably of 3-6 carbon atoms per molecule under suitable conditions of temperature and pressure.

Abstract: A control system is provided for an olefins upgrading plant wherein catalytic reactor effluent is separated to recover heavy, intermediate and light hydrocarbon streams. An improved liquid recycle system includes a level control technique for diverting a portion of a separator overhead vapor stream. Recycle flow rate may be determined by reactor temperature differential in a series of adiabatic catalytic reactors.

Abstract: A process for converting olefinic feedstock, such as synthol olefinic liquid product of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, to distillate hydrocarbons comprising the steps of contacting the feedstock at elevated temperature and pressure with acid zeolite conversion catalyst to oligomerize olefins and convert oxygenated hydrocarbons contained in said light oil at temperatures up to 325.degree. C. and in the presence of H.sub.2, thereby providing an effluent containing heavy distillate range hydrocarbon, light gas and byproduct water.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing premium gasoline from olefinic C.sub.4 cuts containing 1- and 2-butenes and isobutene, the process consisting of converting at least 97% of the total isobutene content of the charge and at least the major portion of the 1- and 2-butenes thereof to C.sub.4 hyrocarbons dimers and trimers without producing substantial amounts of kerosene, said process being characterized in that, in a first step, the olefinic C.sub.4 cut is treated in a first polymerization catalytic zone so as to convert at least 80% of the isobutene to isobutene dimers and trimers and to convert at most 45% of the mixture of 1- and 2-butenes to dimers and trimers thereof, in that, subsequently, the effluent from said first catalytic polymerization zone is fractionated so as to recover, on the one hand, from the column bottom, essentially the C.sub.

Abstract: A process for oligomerizing olefins in the liquid phase using nickel-containing silicaceous crystalline molecular sieve catalyst.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus for producing distillate and/or lubes which employ integrating catalytic (or thermal) dehydrogenation of paraffins with MOGDL. The process feeds the product from a low temperature propane and/or butane dehydrogenation zone into a first catalytic reactor zone, which operates at low pressure and contains zeolite oligomerization catalysts, where the low molecular weight olefins are reacted to primarily gasoline range materials. These gasoline range materials can then be pressurized to the pressure required for reacting to distillate in a second catalytic reactor zone operating at high pressure and containing a zeolite oligomerization catalyst. The distillate is subsequently sent to a hydrotreating unit and product separation zone to form lubes and other finished products.

Abstract: A process for oligomerizing olefins in the liquid phase using nickel-containing silicaceous crystalline molecular sieve catalyst.

Abstract: C.sub.2 to C.sub.10, preferably C.sub.3 to C.sub.6, aliphatic linear olefins are converted to a product comprising at least one hydrocarbon of higher carbon number selected from dimers, oligomers, alkanes, olefins and aromatics by contacting the olefin at elevated temperature with a catalyst comprising a cation-exchangeable layered clay.

Abstract: A combination process for producing high viscosity index lubes from light olefins is provided wherein light olefins are first passed over a small pore zeolite and the liquid product therefrom is then processed over an intermediate pore zeolite to provide a lubricating oil with a higher viscosity, high Viscosity Index and low pour point in greater yield than obtained with either of the catalysts alone.

Abstract: High VI lubes in high yields are obtained when lower or light olefins are polymerized over a ZSM-5 type catalyst the surface acidity of which has been inactivated by treatment with a suitable base material.

Abstract: A process for converting synthol light oil product of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis to heavy distillate comprising the steps ofcontacting the light oil at elevated temperature and pressure with acid zeolite conversion catalyst to oligomerize olefins and convert oxygenated hydrocarbons contained in the light oil thereby providing an effluent containing light heavy distillate range hydrocarbon, hydrocarbon vapor and byproduct water;flashing and separating the effluent to recover a heavy distillate-rich liquid phase and a light hydrocarbon-rich vapor phase containing byproduct water;condensing the vapor phase to provide a liquid hydrocarbon recycle stream;removing byproduct water from the recycle stream;combining the light oil with the pressurized recycle stream as heat sink to prevent excessive reaction temperature during catalytic conversion.

Abstract: An improved process for the production of high viscosity lubricating oils obtained by reacting olefins over ZSM-5 type zeolites at elevated temperatures and pressures in order to obtain a liquid product and thereafter recovering a lube oil fraction from said liquid product is disclosed. The improvement resides in the use of large crystal ZSM-5 which has been found to enhance the viscosity index of lubes produced from olefins.

Abstract: A process is provided for conducting organic compound conversion over a catalyst comprising a high silica crystalline zeolite which has been treated by contact with aluminum chloride vapor.

Abstract: A process for converting C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 olefins into middle distillates at a temperature of 150.degree.-300.degree. C. over a catalyst which has been prepared by depositing at least 0.1% w Ni or Co by ion exchange onto a crystalline metal silicate having a ZSM-5 structure.

Abstract: A process is provided for conducting organic compound conversion over a catalyst composition comprising a specially treated crystalline zeolite having a high initial silica-to-alumina mole ratio, said zeolite having been synthesized from a reaction mixture comprising a diamine as a cation source. The treatment of the zeolite material comprises the sequential steps of reacting the zeolite with a dilute hydrogen fluoride solution, contacting the hydrogen fluoride solution reacted material with aluminum chloride vapor, and then treating the aluminum chloride contacted material to convert it to hydrogen form.

Abstract: 1-Butene and isobutene are effectively separated without isomerization of 1-butene by contacting an isobutene-containing hydrocarbon mixture with a solid acid catalyst having a solid acid quantity of 0.05 to 0.25 mmol/g of solid acid catalyst, represented by the adsorption quantity of pyridine, thus low-polymerizing selectively isobutene and then separating the low polymers of isobutene from 1-butene.

Abstract: Catalytically active amorphous silicas are prepared by dehydrating a silica hydrogel or precipitate prepared from an acidified aqueous silicate solution containing an amine of pK.sub.a above 10 or a cation containing either a nitrogen or phosphorus atom bonded to four carbon atoms. The resultant amorphous silica is catalytically active for, among other chemical reactions, the isomerization of ortho-xylene and the cracking of hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for oligomerizing olefinic Fischer-Tropsch liquids to produce heavier hydrocarbons by converting olefinic feedstock containing oxygenated hydrocarbons over an acidic zeolite catalyst. The improvement comprises extracting oxygenates from the feedstock; converting the extracted feedstock in a primary stage distillate mode catalytic reactor system under low severity conditions at high pressure and moderate pressure; and recovering the oxygenates and light hydrocarbons from the primary stage for conversion in a secondary stage reactor system under high severity conditons at substantially higher temperature than the primary stage, thereby converting oxygenates and light hydrocarbons to heavier hydrocarbons.