Abstract: Process for the catalytic conversion of a charge incorporating at least one oxygen compound such as methanol, into olefinic hydrocarbons having 2 to 4 carbon atoms. Conversion takes place in a reactor (100), into which the charge is introduced by the pipe (20), the catalytic solid by the pipe (30) and the solid entrainment gas by the pipe (40), the reactor being connected by a pipe (1) to a co-current cyclone separator (S) making it possible to separate a solid phase from a gaseous phase containing the conversion products, which is recovered by the pipe (4). The solid phase is fed by the pipe (9) to a regenerator (R), in which the catalytic particles are at least partly regenerated before being returned by the pipe (80), connected to the pipe (30), to the reactor (100).

Abstract: A process for converting an oxygenate feed to light olefins using a microporous zeolite catalysts such as ECR-1, mazmorites, and/or ECR-18 is provided. In a preferred embodiment, the process is conducted at approximately 440.degree. C. (824.degree. F.) to about 460.degree. C. (860.degree. F.) using a methanol:water (approximately 1:4 molar ratio) feed and results in superior production of light olefins.

Abstract: A novel catalytic process involving complete hydrodehalogenation of halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons in the presence of a hydrogen donor and a modified zeolite catalyst has been developed. The process is operated in a continuous flow mode and reaction products consist exclusively of hydrogen halide and hydrocarbons. The relative ratio of paraffins to olefins to aromatics obtained in the product distribution is a strong function of the ratio of hydrogen to reactant and the space velocity and temperature employed. The catalyst employed is a nickel metal modified shape selective zeolite that takes advantage of the hydrogenolysis ability of nickel and the acidic-shape selective properties of the zeolite.

Abstract: A process for preparing a vinylically-unsaturated product compound comprises reacting a halogenated organic compound with a hydrolytically-stable, vinylically-unsaturated precursor compound in the presence of (a) a homogeneous zerovalent palladium catalyst complex, (b) an organic hydrogen halide acceptor and (c) a diluent, wherein the diluent is water or an aqueous solution containing up to 95% by volume of an organic solvent. The halogenated organic compound is selected from aryl halides, benzyl halides or vinylic halides. The hydrolytically-stable, vinylically-unsaturated precursor compound is selected from organosilicon compounds, hydrocarbon compounds or compounds containing at least one of an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom, a phosphorus atom or a combination thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for cracking or decomposing a feedstream containing a major proportion of at least one dialkyl ether to produce the corresponding olefins comprising contacting the feedstream with a faujasite aluminosilicate catalyst which is characterized in that at least about 50 wt. % of the alkali metal content originally present in said faujasite has been exchanged by at least one alkaline earth metal. The decomposition is preferably conducted in the vapor phase at preferred temperatures in the range of from about 125.degree. F. to about 600.degree. F. The process offers the advantages of longer catalyst life coupled with high yield and selectivity rates towards olefin production.

Abstract: This invention is a process for converting lower alkanes into their corresponding esters and optionally into various intermediates (such as methanol) and other liquid hydrocarbons. The alkanes are oxidatively converted to oxy-esters at high selectivity using catalytic amounts of a Group VIII noble metal. If so desired, the alkyl oxy-esters may be converted to alcohols or other intermediates such as alkyl halides. The oxy-esters, alcohols, and other intermediates may optionally be converted to liquid hydrocarbons such as gasoline.

Abstract: A process is provided for effecting catalytic conversion of an organic compound-containing feedstock to conversion product which comprises contacting said feedstock under catalytic conversion conditions with a catalyst comprising an active form of an inorganic, porous crystalline phase exhibiting, after calcination, a hexagonal arrangement of uniformly-sized pores having diameters of at least about 13, e.g., at least about 15, Angstrom Units and exhibiting a hexagonal electron diffraction pattern that can be indexed with a d.sub.100 value greater than about 18 Angstrom Units.

Abstract: A process for efficiently converting methanol to C.sub.3 -C.sub.12 olefins or paraffinic gasoline components is disclosed. A gaseous reaction mixture containing methanol and olefins is contacted with a solid acid catalyst in a reaction zone under conditions whereby a positive methanol concentration is maintained throughout the reaction zone. The process provides extended catalyst life, reduced deactivation rates, improved yields, and enhanced selectively for valuable products.

Abstract: A process for obtaining a tertiary olefin, e.g. isobutylene in a very pure state by decomposing the corresponding ether, e.g. methyl tert. butyl ether, in the presence of a catalyst constituted by silica, modified by the addition of at least one element or compound of an element preferably chosen from the group constituted by rubidium, cesium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, gallium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium and uranium and optionally by the addition of at least one element or compound of an element chosen from the group constituted by aluminium, titanium and zirconium.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of undeca-1,3,5-triene, a prized perfuming ingredient, in two, respectively three, steps starting from sorbic acid, which makes it possible to obtain said compound in its undeca-1,3E,5Z preferred isomeric form, is disclosed.

Abstract: A sulpholene compound and more particularly 4,4-dimethyl-2,2-dioxo-1,2,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-benzo[c]thiophene. These compounds are prepared by bringing myrcene sulphone into contact with a strong acid. The compounds of the present invention can be used as synthesis intermediates in the preparation of vitamin A.

Abstract: A method for conversion of a starting compound containing a carbon-oxygen double bond to a corresponding product containing a carbon-carbon bond, in particular for conversion of a carbonyl compound to the corresponding olefinic derivative, in which the carbonyl substrate is reacted with an appropriate titanocene derivative. The method is particularly suitable for the olefination of aldehydes, ketones, esters, lactones, amides and lactams. The olefination procedure using these titanocene derivatives proceeds rapidly and in high yield, and is of a more general applicability than heretofore known methods.

Abstract: Carboxylic acids are converted in high yields to olefins or high purity .alpha.-olefins by contacting a mixture of carboxylic acid and a carboxylic acid anhydride in the presence of a Group VIII metal or copper-containing catalyst at a temperature of from about 100.degree. C. to about 300.degree. C.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process of recycling condensate from a hydrocarbon or alcohol synthesis, wherein the condensate comprises water and contaminants such as lower molecular weight hydrocarbons, alcohols, and other oxygenates. A hot gaseous mixture comprising CH.sub.4 and steam contacts the condensate so as to strip the contaminants from the condensate. The stripped contaminants, CH.sub.4, and steam are separately recovered as a gaseous stream from the remaining purified water. The recovered CH.sub.4 -containing gaseous stream may be used in synthesis gas (CO/H.sub.2) generation processes with the generated synthesis gas then being used in a hydrocarbon synthesis process to produce heavy hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the conversion of an aliphatic feedstream in which an oxygen-deficient flue gas is used to directly transfer heat to the primary conversion reaction. Hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide from the primary conversion reactor effluent are converted to methanol or Fischer-Tropsch liquid and may be recycled to the primary conversion reactor. Preferred primary conversion reactions include dehydrogenation and aromatization of aliphatics.

Abstract: Hydroperoxides can be removed from a lubricating oil by contacting the oil with a heterogenous hydroperoxide decomposer. This extends the useful life of the oil and the equipment being lubricated. In a preferred embodiment, the hydroperoxide decomposer is incorporated on a substrate immobilized within the lubrication system of an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A process for catalytically converting a feedstock into a product which comprises:(a) contacting the feedstock with a fluidized mass of solid particles comprising crystalline microporous three dimensional solid catalyst in a reaction zone at conditions effective to convert the feedstock into the product;(b) contacting the particles in the reaction zone with a first purge medium to reduce the amount of at least one of the feedstock and the product in contact with the particles; and(c) contacting the particles in the reaction zone with regeneration medium at conditions effective to improve at least one catalytic property of the catalyst, provided that steps (a), (b) and (c) are repeated periodically.

Abstract: A cellulose-containing biomass such as wood is liquefied by heat-treatment under a pressurized condition in the presence of water and a neutral, oxygen-containing organic liquid such as an ester, ether, ketone or alcohol. An alkaline catalyst such as potassium carbonate may be added to accelerate the liquefaction when the organic liquid is one other than acetone. Also provided is a process for the liquefaction of a cellulose-containing biomass including heat-treating the biomass in an aqueous medium in the pressurized atmosphere of an inert gas or steam at a temperature of 250.degree.-385.degree. C. in the presence of an alkaline catalyst in an amount of 0.01-0.1 part by weight per one part by weight of the biomass on the dry basis.

Abstract: Trimethylbenzene is selectively prepared by contacting a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkane with magnesium under reaction conditions to produce a reaction product. The reaction product thus produced, is contacted with water or a lower alcohol to promote a protonolysis reaction. The reaction mixture or a fraction thereof from the protonolysis reaction is contacted with a metal containing Y zeolite catalyst under reaction conditions to produce trimethylbenzene.

Abstract: Alkenes are prepared by the hydroboration of enamines followed by an elimination reaction to form the alkene. This process has wide applicability and is useful for the stereospecific synthesis of [Z] isomers. It is preferred to use 9-borabicyclo[3.3.1 nonane as the hydroborating agent and to use methanol to catalyze the elimination reaction.

Abstract: A process for the stereospecific synthesis of [E] alkenes from enamines comprising the steps of hydroborating the enamine; esterifying the organoborane so formed and oxidizing the boronic ester in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and in the absence of added base under conditions sufficient to form the [E] alkene in high yield.

Abstract: A process for catalytically converting a feedstock into a product which comprises:(a) contacting the feedstock with a solid composition comprising an effective amount to promote the chemical conversion of small pore crystalline microporous three dimensional solid catalyst at conditions effective to convert the feedstock into the product and to form carbonaceous deposit material on the solid composition;(b) contacting the carbonaceous deposit material-containing solid composition with regeneration medium at conditions effective to remove only a portion of the carbonaceous deposit material from the solid composition; and(c) repeating step (a) using as at least a portion of the solid composition previously subjected to step (b).

Abstract: A process for converting a feedstock containing 1 to about 6 carbon atoms per molecule which includes (a) contacting the feedstock with a solid composition comprising a crystalline microporous three dimensional solid catalyst having pores and being capable of promoting the conversion, and matrix material at conditions effective to convert the feedstock, to produce at least one desired product, and to at least partially deactivate the solid composition; (b) contacting the deactivated solid composition with regeneration medium at conditions to at least partially regenerate the solid composition; and (c) repeating step (a), the improvement which comprises (d) contacting the regenerated solid composition prior to step (c) to condition the regenerated solid composition to have increased effectiveness in step (c).

Abstract: Ketones or aldehydes are methylenated to form the corresponding olefin by reaction with a bis(alkylchloroalumino)methane, e.g., in the form of its dietherate.

Abstract: A novel siliceous crystalline composition of matter further comprising one or more metals is prepared by admixing a basic silica salt and a dissolved metal salt in the presence of a quaternary ammonium ion and subsequently heating under pressurized conditions. This novel composition of matter is useful as a catalyst for oxidation, alkylation, disproportionation, synthesis gas conversion, hydrocracking, and hydrodewaxing.

Abstract: There is provided a process for converting methane to higher molecular weight hydrocarbons. In a first step, methane is contacted with elemental sulfur under conditions sufficient to produce carbon disulfide. Carbon disulfide from this step is then contacted with methane and hydrogen under conditions sufficient to convert methane and to produce CH.sub.3 SH. This CH.sub.3 SH is then contacted with a sufficient catalyst, such as a zeolite, especially ZSM-5, under conditions sufficient to produce hydrocarbons having two or more carbon atoms.

Abstract: Ketones are methylenated to form the corresponding olefin by reaction with a bis(alkylchloroalumino)methane, e.g., in the form of its dietherate.

Abstract: Ketones are alkylenated to form the corresponding olefin by reaction with a bis(substituted alumino)substituted methane, e.g., in the form of its dietherate.

Abstract: A process for reducing methane formation and increasing liquid (C.sub.5.sup.+) yields in Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbon synthesis processes of CO and H.sub.2 comprising adding one or more olefins to the reactor bed at a point below 10% of the distance from the top to the bottom of the reactor bed and above a point 10% above the bottom of the reactor bed to the top of the reactor bed in an amount sufficient to reduce said methane formation.

Abstract: The process for the production of light olefins from a feedstock comprising at least an aliphatic hetero compound comprising contacting said feedstock in the presence of an aromatic diluent with a non-zeolitic molecular sieve at effective process conditions to produce light olefins.

Abstract: A process for producing hydrocarbons which comprises bringing a gas mixture comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide into contact with a catalyst comprising manganese oxide, alkali metal, sulfur, and ruthenium to produce hydrocarbons. The hydrocarbons formed are rich in olefins. When a catalyst prepared by combining the above described catalyst with crystalline zeolite is used, the hydrocarbons formed becomes rich in liquid hydrocarbons, particularly, a gasoline fraction.

Abstract: Ketones and aldehydes are converted to ethenylidene-containing compounds by reaction thereof with dimethyl carbonate and a phosphine compound.

Abstract: The process for the production of light olefins from a feedstock comprising at least an aliphatic hetero compound comprising contacting said feedstock in the presence of an aromatic diluent with a silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieve at effective process conditions to produce light olefins.

Abstract: The process for the production of light olefins from a feedstock comprising at least an aliphatic hetero compound comprising contacting said feedstock with a silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieve of U.S. Pat. No. 4,440,871 at effective process conditions to produce light olefins.

Abstract: Carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide are upgraded to valuable organic compounds, such as methanol, methane, propylene, and the like, by a thermochemical process comprising:(a) contacting the carbon monoxide and/or carbon dioxide with hydrogen sulfide to form carbonyl sulfide,(b) contacting the carbonyl sulfide with oxygen to form carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide, and(c) hydrogenating at least one of carbon monoxide and carbonyl sulfide to the desired organic compound.

Abstract: Process for removing chlorinated hydrocarbons such as ethylene dibromide and PCBs from a material containing the same such as a fuel, hazardous waste material, fuel containing a hazardous waste material, which comprises forming a ternary alloy of sodium, copper and lead by dispersing sodium metal in oil and reacting the same with a catalytic amount of copper and at least the same amount of lead to provide a slurry of said alloy; contacting the material containing the halogenated hydrocarbon with said slurry using an amount of alloy whereby the sodium is present in excess with respect to halogen present; carrying out said contacting at a temperature of about 250.degree.-300.degree. F. under intense mixing and separately recovering the sodium halide, copper-lead and unreacted sodium-copper-lead alloy from the substantially halogen free material.The invention also contemplates as novel the ternary alloy of Na, Cu and Pb and the oil slurry containing the same.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for management of hazardous materials and namely chlorinated hydrocarbons including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) as found in fuels, textile dyes, printing inks, paints, carbonless copy paper, fireproofing agents, electrical capacitors, electrical insulation, transformer fluids, hydraulic systems, heat exchangers, hazardous wastes and the like. More particularly, this invention relates to a process for assuring protection against and specifically elimination of the potential health effects of the chlorinated hydrocarbons including polychlorinated biphenyls in the wide range of materials noted above, but particularly in so-called toxic wastes or hazardous waste materials and even more particularly in the hazardous wastes used as fuels or the fuels per se.

Abstract: Syngas is subjected to Fischer-Tropsch synthesis over a Co/Zr/SiO.sub.2 catalyst and the C.sub.20.sup.+ fraction of the synthesized product is converted into linear C.sub.10 -C.sub.20 olefins by mild thermal cracking.

Abstract: C.sub.5.sup.+ hydrocarbons are prepared from C.sub.4.sup.- hydrocarbons by a two-stage process comprising steam reforming followed by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis over a special cobalt-containing catalyst; a gaseous fraction comprising unconverted H.sub.2 and CO as well as C.sub.4.sup.- hydrocarbons and CO.sub.2 formed as by-products is separated from the synthesized product and recycled to the steam reformer.

Abstract: A process for the production of economically significant amounts of ethyl and other hydrocarbon compounds, such as benzene, from coal is disclosed wherein coal is reacted with methane at a temperature in the approximate range of 500.degree. C. to 1100.degree. C. at a partial pressure less than about 200 psig for a period of less than 10 seconds. Ethylene and other hydrocarbon compounds may be separated from the product stream so produced, and the methane recycled for further production of ethylene. In another embodiment, other compounds produced, such as by-product tars, may be burned to heat the recycled methane.

Abstract: A linear olefin is manufactured by contacting a fatty acid or ester with a catalyst comprising nickel and at least one metal from the group consisting of tin, germanium and lead at 200.degree.-400.degree. C.

Abstract: The new tetraene of formula: ##STR1## is useful particularly as an intermediate in the synthesis of, for example, hexahydropseudoionone, pseudoionone and vitamin A.It may be made by dehydrochlorinating 3-chloro-2-methyl-6-methylene-1,3,7-octadiene in the presence of a palladium catalyst and an inorganic base.

Abstract: The process for the production of hydrocarbons from a feedstock comprising compounds of the formula R--X wherein X is a moiety containing at least one of halogen, sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen, wherein the feedstock is contacted with an aluminophosphate molecular sieve of U.S. Pat. No. 4,310,440 at effective process conditions to produce light olefin products.

Abstract: A process is provided for decarbonylating aldehydes to olefins having one less carbon atom than the aldehydes, carbon oxide and hydrogen, by passing the aldehydes over a catalyst comprising a metal selected from the group consisting of palladium, platinum, rhodium, copper, silver, gold and zinc supported on or exchanged onto a support.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process transforming an aldehyde into a corresponding alkene, of the type wherein the aldehyde is placed in the presence of a phosphoric reagent and a base in an organic solvent.The process consists in using an alcohol as the solvent and as a base a mineral base which in an aqueous medium evinces a basic strength equal to or less than that of the hydroxide ion, or a strongly basic organic base of the amine family, and in limiting the hydration rate of the reaction medium to a value at most of 10 moles of water per mole of aldehyde.

Abstract: A Fischer-Tropsch catalyst is prepared by impregnating a silica carrier with a solution of a zirconium or titanium compound, calcining the composition thus obtained, thereafter impregnating the carrier with a cobalt compound-containing solution and calcining and reducing the composition thus obtained. Catalysts so prepared and containing 5-40 pbw of cobalt and 2-150 pbw of zirconium or titanium per 100 pbw of silica, are used in the preparation of hydrocarbons from a H.sub.2 /CO mixture.

Abstract: Preparation of aliphatic alpha, beta-unsaturated carboxylic acids from the corresponding saturated acids by oxidative dehydrogenation, at a temperature between 250.degree. and 500.degree. C., in the presence of a catalyst of empirical formula: FeP.sub.x Me.sub.y Me'.sub.t O.sub.z wherein Me is at least one alkali or alkaline earth element, Me' is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ni, Cu, Ce, Al, Zr, Hf and Pr, x is between 0.2 and 15, y is between 0.01 and 2, t is between 0.01 and 5 and z is such as to satisfy the valencies of the other elements.

Abstract: A process for the production of ethylene, benzene and carbon monoxide from particulated biomass such as wood by reaction with methane at a temperature of from 700.degree. C. to 1200.degree. C., at a pressure of from 20 psi to 100 psi for a period of from 0.2 to 10 seconds.

Abstract: Disclosed is a combinative integrated chemical process using inorganic reactants and yielding, if desired, organic products. The process involves first the production of elemental potassium by the thermal or thermal-reduced pressure decomposition of potassium oxide or potassium sulfide and distillation of the potassium. This elemental potassium is then used to reduce ores or ore concentrates of copper, zinc, lead, magnesium, cadmium, iron, arsenic, antimony or silver to yield one or more of these less active metals in elemental form. Process potassium can also be used to produce hydrogen by reaction with water or potassium hydroxide. This hydrogen is reacted with potassium to produce potassium hydride. Heating the latter with carbon produces potassium acetylide which forms acetylene when treated with water. Acetylene is hydrogenated to ethene or ethane with process hydrogen. Using Wurtz-Fittig reaction conditions, the ethane can be upgraded to a mixture of hydrocarbons boiling in the fuel range.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of lower olefins from methanol or dimethyl ether by catalytic conversion at from 300.degree. to 550.degree. C. in two stages over borosilicate zeolites, wherein C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 -olefins and C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -paraffins are removed after the first reaction stage, the C.sub.5.sup.+ hydrocarbons are passed to the second reaction stage, the aromatics are removed from the reaction product of the second stage and the remaining reaction products are recycled. The advantage of this process is an improvement in the yield of olefins.