Abstract: Provided are novel process for upgrading naphtha and increasing the yield of reformate. Olefinic naphtha and light paraffins are combined and fed to a catalytic fluidized bed reactor maintained at a temperature about 775° F. and about 1250° F. and an operating pressure between about 10 psig and about 500 psig to produce a product comprising at least 1 wt. % higher C5+ hydrocarbon than the combined feed and at least 55 wt. % aromatics.

Abstract: Described is a system for producing primarily diesel with some heavy fuel oil from plastic feedstock. The feedstock is received into a pyrolizer. There are two zones in the pyrolizer—one where the temperature is elevated during conveyance, and a second where the temperature is maintained. A distillation vessel receives fuel oils from the pyrolizer and agitates the oils at high temperature. A hydrogenation vessel then mixes the fuel liquid with H2 at a high pressure while recirculating to and from an expansion vessel to create converted fuel oil. A diesel distillation tank receives the converted fuel oil and creates diesel gas, which is then condensed to form a usable diesel product. Any remaining fuel oil is sent the heavy fuel oil tank.

Abstract: A method for producing a cracking product having a mixture of hydrocarbons, a thermal cracking feedstock, a cracking product containing a mixture of hydrocarbons is disclosed as is a method involving use of the cracking product for producing polymers.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a sound absorbing material. The sound absorbing material comprising a heteroatom zeolite molecular sieve comprising a framework and an extra-framework cation, the framework comprising SiO2 and a metal oxide MxOy comprising a metal element M, wherein the framework has a molar ratio of Si/M between 250 to 500, wherein the M includes Fe, and that the extra-framework cation is at least one of a monovalent copper ion, a monovalent silver ion, a monovalent gold ion, an alkali metal ion or an alkaline earth metal ion. The sound absorbing material provided by the present disclosure, sound absorbing material to have better oxygen adsorption capacity, good waster repellency and stability. When such a sound absorbing material is applied to a speaker box, the speaker box will have better low frequency acoustic performance and better reliability.

Abstract: Processes and multiple-stage catalyst systems are disclosed for producing propylene from butene by at least partially metathesizing butene in a metathesizing reaction zone having a metathesis catalyst to form a metathesis reaction product and at least partially cracking the metathesis reaction product in a cracking reaction zone having a cracking catalyst to form a cracking reaction product that includes propylene. The metathesis catalyst may be a mesoporous silica-alumina catalyst support impregnated with metal oxide having a mesoporous silica-alumina catalyst support comprising from 5 weight percent to 50 weight percent alumina. The cracking catalyst may be a MFI structured silica-containing catalyst. The cracking reaction zone may be downstream of the metathesis reaction zone.

Abstract: A method for producing a cracking product comprising a mixture of hydrocarbons, a thermal cracking feedstock, a cracking product comprising a mixture of hydrocarbons, and a method for producing polymers using the cracking product are provided.

Abstract: Process for the production of olefins and of middle distillates from a paraffinic feedstock, in which: a) a paraffinic feedstock resulting from a Fischer-Tropsch unit is recovered, the said feedstock containing a light fraction and a heavy fraction; b) the light fraction is sent to a catalytic cracking unit; c) the effluent resulting from the catalytic cracking unit is separated in a fractionation unit in order to obtain a fraction of light hydrocarbons, an olefinic fraction and a residual liquid fraction; d) the heavy fraction is sent to a hydrocracking/hydroisomerization unit; e) the effluent resulting from the hydrocracking/hydroisomerization unit is separated in a fractionation unit in order to obtain a middle distillates fraction, a naphtha cut having a maximum boiling point of less than 180° C. and an unconverted heavy fraction; f) a part of the naphtha cut resulting from the fractionation unit is sent to the catalytic cracking unit.

Abstract: A method may comprise: feeding a backend deethanizer overhead stream comprising ethylene, ethane, and acetylene to a hydrogenation reactor; hydrogenating at least a portion of the acetylene in the backend deethanizer overhead stream to form a reactor effluent stream comprising ethylene, ethane, and green oil; feeding the reactor effluent stream to a gas/liquid coalescer; and removing at least a portion of the green oil from the reactor effluent stream to produce a cleaned effluent stream.

Abstract: Additives for mixing into the base catalyst inventory of the fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) process units, so as to achieve a high selectivity of light olefins (ethylene and propylene), are described. Such additives comprise an FER zeolite and an MFI zeolite, the MFI zeolite preferably being zeolite ZSM-5. The mixture of the additive in a concentration greater than 2% w/w relative to the base catalyst of an FCC unit allows greater selectivity for light olefins, propylene and ethylene, while maintaining catalytic activity.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment can be a process for fluid catalytic cracking. The process may include providing a first feed having a boiling point of about 180-about 800° C. to a first riser reactor, and providing a second feed having first and second parts to a second reactor. Typically, the first part includes one or more C5-C12 hydrocarbons and a second part includes one or more C4-C5 hydrocarbons. Generally, an effective amount of the second part is combined with the first part to maximize production of propene.

Abstract: Methods and systems for producing a hydrocarbon are provided. The method can include cracking one or more C2-C10 hydrocarbons in the presence of a catalyst under conditions sufficient to produce an effluent containing ethylene, propylene, gasoline, and a coked-catalyst, wherein the catalyst includes a first catalytic component having an average pore size of less than 6.4 ? and a second catalytic component having an average pore size of 6.4 ? or more, separating the effluent to provide a recovered coked-catalyst and a cracked product; and regenerating the recovered coked-catalyst to produce heat and the catalyst.

Abstract: The invention provides a catalyst for thermal decomposition of an organic substance having the form of spherical granule having a particle diameter of 0.1 to 1.2 mm, a pore volume of 0.1 to 0.3 mL/g, a tap density of 1.05 to 1.4 g/mL, and a wear rate of 2% by weight or less, the catalyst being obtained by mixing and granulating a pulverized product of an inorganic oxide exemplified by titanium oxide with at least one sol selected from a titania sol, a silica sol, an alumina sol, and a zirconia sol to make spherical granules, calcining the spherical granules at a temperature from 400 to 850° C., and sieving the calcined granules.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment can be a fluid catalytic cracking system. The system can include a reaction zone, in turn including a reactor receiving, a fluidizing stream, a fuel gas stream, a fluidizable catalyst, a stream having an effective amount of oxygen for combusting the fuel gas stream, and a feed.

Abstract: A process is described for maximization of light olefins, preferably ethylene, by the catalytic cracking of feeds of saturated hydrocarbons, with molecular size in the range from 4 to 6 carbon atoms. The process uses a catalyst based on a zeolite of type ZSM-5 with low sodium content and modified with nickel, with concentration by weight of nickel, expressed in the form of oxide, in the range from 0.1% to 20% relative to the weight of zeolite in the catalyst, and operating conditions that involve a temperature between 400° C. and 650° C. and feed partial pressure between 0.1 and 1.0 MPa, so that the product recovered is rich in light olefins, with ethylene/propylene ratio in the range from 0.25 to 2.00.

Abstract: 1-butene is recovered as a purified product from an MTO synthesis and especially from an integrated MTO synthesis and hydrocarbon pyrolysis system in which the MTO system and its complementary olefin cracking reactor are combined with a hydrocarbon pyrolysis reactor in a way that facilitates the flexible production and recovery of olefins and other petrochemical products, particularly butene-1 and MTBE.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment can be a fluid catalytic cracking system. The system can include a reaction zone, in turn including a reactor receiving, a fluidizing stream, a fuel gas stream, a fluidizable catalyst, a stream having an effective amount of oxygen for combusting the fuel gas stream, and a feed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the oxidative regeneration of a deactivated catalyst comprising molecular sieve to provide a regenerated molecular sieve catalyst, wherein said deactivated catalyst is from one or both of an oxygenate to olefin process and a olefin cracking process, said regeneration process comprising at least the steps of providing a regeneration gas stream comprising oxidant; treating the regeneration gas stream with a liquid adsorbent stream comprising an ethylene glycol in a contaminant absorption zone to remove at least a part of one or more of any water, any alkali metal ion and any alkaline earth metal ion present in the regeneration gas stream to provide a treated regeneration gas stream comprising oxidant; regenerating a deactivated catalyst comprising molecular sieve with the treated regeneration gas stream to provide a regenerated catalyst comprising regenerated molecular sieve.

Abstract: Described herein are processes and related devices and systems for the conversion of higher hydrocarbons, such as in the form of waste plastics, petroleum sludge, slope oil, vegetable oil, and so forth, into lower hydrocarbons, which can be used as fuels or raw materials for a variety of industrial and domestic uses.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the oxidative regeneration of a deactivated catalyst comprising providing a catalyst comprising molecular sieve in hydrogen form to a guard zone; passing a regeneration gas stream comprising oxidant through the guard zone to remove part of one or both of any alkali metal ion and alkaline earth metal ion from the regeneration gas stream, to provide a treated regeneration gas stream; providing deactivated catalyst comprising molecular sieve in a regeneration zone, said deactivated catalyst from one or both of an oxygenate to olefin process and an olefin cracking process; regenerating the deactivated catalyst in the regeneration zone with the treated regeneration gas stream to provide regenerated molecular sieve catalyst; wherein said catalyst in said guard zone is one or both of deactivated catalyst comprising molecular sieve in hydrogen form and regenerated catalyst comprising regenerated molecular sieve in hydrogen form.

Abstract: A catalyst can include a phosphorus modified zeolite having partly an ALPO structure. The ALPO structure can be determined by a signal between 35-45 ppm in 27Al MAS NMR spectrum. The zeolite can include at least one ten member ring in the structure thereof. The catalyst can also include a binder and one or more metal oxides. The catalyst can be used in processes in the presence of steam at high temperatures, such as temperatures that are above 300° C. and up to 800° C. The catalyst can be used in alcohol dehydration, olefin cracking, MTO processes, and alkylation of aromatic compounds with olefins and/or alcohols.

Abstract: An integrated MTO synthesis and hydrocarbon pyrolysis system is described in which the MTO system and its complementary olefin cracking reactor are combined with a hydrocarbon pyrolysis reactor in a way that facilitates the flexible production of olefins and other petrochemical products, such as butene-1 and MTBE.

Abstract: A method to make a phosphorus modified zeolite can include providing a zeolite including at least one ten member ring in the structure steaming the zeolite, mixing the zeolite with one or more binders and shaping additives, and then shaping the mixture. The method can include making a ion-exchange. The shaped mixture can be steamed. Phosphorous can be introduced on the catalyst to introduce at least 0.1 wt % of phosphorus, such as be dry impregnation or chemical vapor deposition. A metal, such as calcium, can be introduced. The catalyst can be washed, calcinated, and then steamed. The steaming severity (X) can be at least about 2. The catalyst can be steamed at a temperature above 625° C., such as a temperature ranging from 700 to 800° C. The catalyst can be used in alcohol dehydration, olefin cracking, MTO processes, and alkylation of aromatics by alcohols with olefins and/or alcohols.

Abstract: The present invention concerns an additive for reducing the formation of coke and/or carbon monoxide in thermal hydrocarbon cracking units and/or of other organic compounds in heat exchangers. The additive according to the invention is essentially composed of diethyl disulphide (DEDS) or dipropyl disulphide(s) (DPDS) or dibutyl disulphide(s) (DBDS) and can be used on the metal walls of a cracking reactor and on the metal walls of a heat exchanger placed downstream from the cracking reactor, and during the process of cracking hydrocarbons and/or other organic compounds.

Abstract: A process for producing light olefins and aromatics, which comprises reacting a feedstock with a catalytic cracking catalyst in at least two reaction zones, wherein the reaction temperature of at least one reaction zone downstream of the first reaction zone is higher than that of the first reaction zone and its weight hourly space velocity is lower than that of the first reaction zone. The spent catalyst is separated, from the reaction product vapor, regenerated, and then returned to the reactor. The reaction product vapor is separated to obtain the desired products, light olefins and aromatics. This process efficiently produces light olefins such as propylene, ethylene, etc from heavy feedstocks, wherein the yield of propylene exceeds 20% by weight, and produces aromatics such as toluene, xylene, etc at the same time.

Abstract: A method to make a phosphorus modified zeolite can include providing a zeolite having at least one ten member ring, making an ion-exchange, steaming the zeolite, and introducing phosphorus on the zeolite. The zeolite can be mixed with one or more binders and shaping additives, and then shaped. A metal can be introduced, and the catalyst can be washed, calcined, and steamed in an equilibration step. The steaming can be at performed at a steam severity (X) of at least about 2. The steaming can be performed at a temperature above 625° C. The catalyst can be used in alcohol dehydration, olefin cracking, MTO processes, and alkylation of aromatics by alcohols with olefins and/or alcohols.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided herein for cooling an olefin cracking reactor effluent stream. One provided method includes reacting a hydrocarbon feedstock including C4+ olefins in an olefin cracking reactor to produce an olefin cracking reactor effluent stream, providing the olefin cracking reactor effluent stream to an inlet of a contact cooler, contacting the olefin cracking reactor effluent stream with a first quench liquid in a first contact zone in the contact cooler to produce a first bottoms stream and an intermediate vapor stream, contacting the intermediate vapor stream with a second quench liquid in a second contact zone in the contact cooler to produce a second bottoms stream and a cooled vapor stream, and removing the cooled vapor stream from an outlet of the contact cooler. The method can also include cooling the first bottoms stream to provide a cooled first bottoms stream, and cooling the second bottoms stream to provide a cooled second bottoms stream.

Abstract: A process for converting a hydrocarbon feedstock to provide an effluent containing light olefins, the process comprising passing a hydrocarbon feedstock comprising a mixture of a first portion, containing one or more olfeins of C4 or greater, and a second portion, containing at least one C1 to C6 aliphatic hetero compound selected from alcohols, ethers, carbonyl compounds and mixtures thereof, through a reactor containing a crystalline silicate catalyst to produce an effluent including propylene, the crystalline silicate being selected from at least one of an MFI-type crystalline silicate having a silicon/aluminum atomic ratio of at least 180 and an MEL-type crystalline silicate having a silicon/aluminum atomic ratio of from 150 to 800 which has been subjected to a steaming step.

Abstract: A catalyst for hydrocarbon steam cracking for the production of light olefin, a preparation method of the catalyst and a preparation method of olefin by using the same. More precisely, the present invention relates to a composite catalyst prepared by mixing the oxide catalyst powder represented by CrZrjAkOx (0.5?j?120, 0?k?50, A is a transition metal, x is the number satisfying the condition according to valences of Cr, Zr and A, and values of j and k) and carrier powder and sintering thereof, a composite catalyst wherein the oxide catalyst is impregnated on a carrier, and a method of preparing light olefin such as ethylene and propylene by hydrocarbon steam cracking in the presence of the composite catalyst. The composite catalyst of the present invention has excellent thermal/mechanical stability in the cracking process, and has less inactivation rate by coke and significantly increases light olefin yield.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment can be a process for producing at least one of ethene, propene, and gasoline. The process may include reacting a feed boiling above about 340° C. in the presence of a composition including at least about 55%, by weight, alumina. Often, the composition is the sole catalyst utilized in the reaction.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of olefins comprising reacting an oxygenate and/or olefinic feed in a reactor in the presence of a molecular sieve catalyst to form a mixture which comprises olefins and at least partially coked catalyst; separating olefins and at least partially coked catalyst as obtained; passing the at least partially coked catalyst to a regenerator; introducing into the regenerator an oxygen-containing gas to regenerate the at least partially coked catalyst, thereby producing a gaseous mixture and at least partially regenerated catalyst; analysing the at least partially regenerated catalyst to control the burning rate of the coke present on the at least partially coked catalyst in the regenerator by adjusting one or more conditions of the regeneration of the at least partially coked catalyst on the basis of the analysis of the at least partially regenerated catalyst; and passing the at least partially regenerated catalyst to the reactor.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of olefins, which process comprising introducing an oxygenate and/or olefinic feed through introduction means into a reactor; reacting the oxygenate and/or olefinic feed in the reactor in the presence of a molecular sieve catalyst to form a mixture with a resulting gas superficial velocity which mixture comprises olefins and at least partially coked catalyst; separating olefins and at least partially coked catalyst; recovering olefins; and controlling the gas superficial velocity of the mixture at a predetermined level in the reactor on the basis of the inlet mass gas flow rate of the feed.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of olefins comprising reacting an oxygenate and/or olefinic feed in a reactor in the presence of a molecular sieve catalyst to form a mixture which comprises olefins and at least partially coked catalyst; passing at least partially coked catalyst to a regenerator; introducing into the regenerator an oxygen-containing gas to regenerate the at least partially coked catalyst, thereby producing a gaseous mixture and at least partially regenerated catalyst; separating at least partially regenerated catalyst and at least part of the gaseous mixture; analysing the composition of the gaseous mixture to control the burning rate of the coke present on the at least partially coked catalyst in the regenerator by adjusting the mass flow rate of the oxygen-containing gas on the basis of the analysis of the gaseous mixture; and passing at least part of the at least partially regenerated catalyst back to the reactor.

Abstract: A process for improving the yield of ethylene and propylene from a light naphtha feedstock includes obtaining light naphtha feedstock from a primary cracking zone having a cracking catalyst. The light naphtha feedstock is contacted with an olefin catalyst in an olefin producing zone to produce an ethylene- and propylene-rich stream. After reacting with the olefin catalyst, the ethylene- and propylene-rich stream is separated from the olefin catalyst from in a separator zone. At least a portion of the olefin catalyst is regenerated by combusting coke deposited on a surface of the olefin catalyst in an oxygen-containing environment, and at least a portion of the olefin catalyst is heated. These portions could be the same one or they could be different. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the olefin catalyst could be neither regenerated nor heated. The olefin catalyst is returned to the olefin producing zone.

Abstract: A process for producing a product stream consisting primarily of the lower olefins ethylene, propylene and butylenes, and of gasoline is provided. The process includes cracking a mixture of paraffinic naphtha feedstream and regenerated catalyst in a downflow reactor. The reaction product stream is separated from the spent catalyst and subsequently fractionated into individual product streams, while the spent catalyst is regenerated and recycled.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the rejuvenation of a spent molecular sieve, comprising at least the steps of: (a) treating the spent molecular sieve catalyst with an aqueous solution comprising at least one acid to provide a rejuvenated molecular sieve catalyst and a spent aqueous solution; (b) removing spent aqueous solution from the rejuvenated molecular sieve catalyst to provide the rejuvenated molecular sieve catalyst.

Abstract: A process for producing propylene, which including feeding at least one of dimethyl ether and methanol to a reactor to be reacted in the presence of a catalyst; supplying an obtained reaction product to a separator by which low-boiling compounds having a boiling point of ?50° C. or lower at atmospheric pressure among the reaction product are separated; and recycling a proportion of at least 70% of a total amount of the separated low-boiling compounds to said reactor.

Abstract: A process for catalytically converting alkylaromatic compounds in a hydrocarbon feedstock, the process comprising passing a hydrocarbon feedstock including at least one alkylaromatic compound, wherein the alkyl group comprises at least two carbon atoms, through a reactor containing a crystalline silicate catalyst to produce an effluent including at least one aromatic compound and at least one light olefin selected from C2 and C3 olefins.

Abstract: Provided is a method of preparing a ZSM-5 catalyst for preparing light olefins including ethylene and propylene through a catalytic cracking of a hydrocarbon mixture of C4 to C7 produced after a naphtha cracking. The method includes (a) forming a gel by aging a mixture solution including a silica precursor and an aluminum precursor; (b) adding a template possibly forming mesopores through a heat treatment, into the gel, stirring and then aging; (c) forming a solid product by crystallizing the aged mixture in step (b); and (d) heat treating the solid product to remove the template. The ZSM-5 catalyst may include micropores and mesopores and may have good physical and chemical properties along with a good pore property. The production yield of the light olefins may be increased.

Abstract: A method for obtaining an olefin is disclosed, the method comprising subjecting a paraffin to dehydrogenation in the absence of oxygen and in the presence of a catalyst comprising a crystalline substrate, to obtain an olefin. The catalyst includes an inert stabilizing agent for maintaining the catalyst crystal structure. The catalyst may be regenerated by being subjected, in air, to a temperature between about 550° C. and about 750° C., for a period of time between about 15 minutes and about 4 hours.

Abstract: Process for producing alkene(s) from a feedstock containing at least one monohydric aliphatic paraffinic alcohol having from 2 to 5 carbon atoms. The process is carried out by 1 converting the monohydric aliphatic paraffinic alcohol(s) containing 2 to 5 carbon atoms in a reactive distillation column at elevated pressure and temperature into a heads stream having the corresponding same carbon number alkene(s) and ether(s), 2 separating the heads stream from step 1 into an ether(s) enriched stream and an alkene(s) enriched stream, 3 recycling at least part of the ether(s) enriched stream from step 2 as a reflux return to the reactive distillation column, 4 simultaneously separating the alkene(s) enriched stream from step 2 into alkene(s) and ether(s), and 5 recycling at least part of the separated ether(s) from step 4 into the reactive distillation column. An alkene(s) stream from step 4 is then recovered.

Abstract: Disclosed is a catalytic cracking process for the production of light olefins from a hydrocarbon feedstock using fast fluidization, which is a preferred process for more efficiently increasing the production of light olefin hydrocarbons. According to this invention, a fast fluidization regime is applied to a fluidized bed catalytic cracking process of producing light olefins using zeolite, such that a volume fraction and distribution of the catalyst sufficient to induce the catalytic cracking reaction can be provided, thus effectively enhancing the production of light olefin hydrocarbons, in particular, ethylene and propylene, at high selectivity.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment can be a fluid catalytic cracking system. The system can include a reaction zone operating at conditions to facilitate olefin production and including at least one riser. The at least one riser can receive a first feed having a boiling point of about 180-about 800° C., and a second feed having more than about 70%, by weight, of one or more C4+ olefins.

Abstract: Integrating a biomass pyrolysis and upgrading process into a fluid catalytic cracking unit. The process uses conventional FCC feed and a mixture of a solvent and biomass to produce upgraded fuel products. A slurry stream composed of solid biomass particles and a solvent is fed into an FCC riser through a slurry pump to achieve biomass pyrolysis and in situ pyrolysis oil upgrading. The catalytic cracking of the conventional petroleum feed also occurs in the riser.

Abstract: A method for producing olefins using a carbon nanotube catalyst is disclosed. Initially, a hydrocarbon feedstock is received. The hydrocarbon feedstock, the carbon nanotube catalyst, and steam are mixed in a thermal cracking reactor. The mixture is heated in the thermal cracking reactor to a particular temperature. The olefins are then separated from the mixture. The carbon nanotube catalyst can include carbon nanotubes coated with M1xOy and modified with M2mOn. M1 can be either the element silicon or tungsten, x can be an integer that represents the oxidation number of M1, and y can an integer that represents the number of oxygen atoms required by the oxidation number of M1. M2 can be a metallic element, m can be an integer that represents the oxidation number of M2, and n can be an integer that represents the number of oxygen atoms required by the oxidation number of M2.

Abstract: Process for producing alkene(s) from a feedstock containing at least one monohydric aliphatic paraffinic primary (or secondary) alcohol(s), consisting of ethanol or propanol(s) or a mixture thereof. The process includes the steps of converting the monohydric aliphatic paraffinic primary (or secondary) alcohol(s) into the corresponding same carbon number alkene(s) in a reactive distillation column at elevated pressure and temperature so that the heads stream extracted from the top of the reactive distillation column comprises essentially the alkene(s), cooling the heads stream from the first step to a temperature sufficient to condense at least part of the alkene(s) with the highest boiling point, recycling at least part of the condensed alkene(s) from the second step back into the reactive distillation column, as a reflux return, and simultaneously recovering the remaining alkene(s).

Abstract: A process is presented for the selective catalytic cracking of naphtha to light olefins. The process includes contacting a naphtha feedstream with a mixture of catalysts to reduce the amount of recycle, and especially the recycle of light paraffins. The mixture of catalysts includes a first molecular sieve made up from a small pore zeolite having a pore index between 13 and 26, and a second molecular sieve made up from an intermediate pore zeolite having a pore index between 26 and 30.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst for hydrocarbon steam cracking for the production of light olefin, a preparation method of the catalyst and a preparation method of olefin by using the same. More precisely, the present invention relates to a composite catalyst prepared by mixing the oxide catalyst powder represented by CrZrjAkOx (0.5?j?120, 0?k?50, A is a transition metal, x is the number satisfying the condition according to valences of Cr, Zr and A, and values of j and k) and carrier powder and sintering thereof, a composite catalyst wherein the oxide catalyst is impregnated on a carrier, and a method of preparing light olefin such as ethylene and propylene by hydrocarbon steam cracking in the presence of the composite catalyst. The composite catalyst of the present invention has excellent thermal/mechanical stability in the cracking process, and has less inactivation rate by coke and significantly increases light olefin yield.

Abstract: A process and apparatus is described in which a sulfiding agent is added to a catalytic conversion reactor to prevent metal catalyzed coking. The catalytic reactor may be downstream from a first fluid catalytic cracking reactor that provides C10-hydrocarbons as feed to the downstream catalytic reactor.

Abstract: A process is described for catalytic cracking of hydrocarbon feedstocks from petroleum refining which increases substantially the yields of light olefins. The process limits the extreme conditions to a first reaction section and introduces a stream of cooling fluid above the feedstock injection point so as to maintain a second reaction section under cracking conditions which produce light olefins propene and ethene, and inhibits reactions undesirable for the process.

Abstract: A process (or steam cracking a hydrocarbon feedstock containing olefins to provide increased light olefins in the steam cracked effluent, the process comprising passing a first hydrocarbon feedstock containing one or more olefins through a reactor containing a crystalline silicate to produce an intermediate effluent with an olefin content of lower molecular weight than that of the feedstock, fractionating the intermediate effluent to provide a lower carbon fraction and a higher carbon fraction, and passing the higher carbon fraction, as a second hydrocarbon feedstock, through a stream cracker to produce a steam cracked effluent.