Abstract: The present invention provides a catalytic cracking reactor system and process in which a riser reactor is configured to have two sections of different radii in order to produced improved selectivity to propene and butenes as products.

Abstract: Disclosed is a catalytic cracking process for the production of light olefins from a hydrocarbon feedstock using fast fluidization, which is a preferred process for more efficiently increasing the production of light olefin hydrocarbons. According to this invention, a fast fluidization regime is applied to a fluidized bed catalytic cracking process of producing light olefins using zeolite, such that a volume fraction and distribution of the catalyst sufficient to induce the catalytic cracking reaction can be provided, thus effectively enhancing the production of light olefin hydrocarbons, in particular, ethylene and propylene, at high selectivity.

Abstract: A method is provided for converting a hydrocarbon feedstock in the naphtha boiling range to light olefins. The method includes contacting the hydrocarbon feedstock with a zeolitic material having a crystal size from 50 to 300 nanometers, having a silica to alumina ratio greater than 200 and where the zeolitic material has a silicalite structure.

Abstract: The invention relates to a conversion process for making olefin(s) using a molecular sieve catalyst composition. More specifically, the invention is directed to a process for converting a feedstock comprising an oxygenate in the presence of a molecular sieve catalyst composition, wherein the feedstock is free of or substantially free of metal salts.

Abstract: Process for the regeneration of exhausted catalysts, containing one or more calcium aluminates, for steam cracking reactions, comprising treating said exhausted catalysts in a stream of water vapour at a temperature ranging from 700 to 950° C., preferably from 720 to 850° C., and at a pressure ranging from 0.5 to 2 atm.

Abstract: A process for the production of olefins from a hydrocarbon comprising the steps of: a) passing a first feed stream comprising gaseous reactants to a first reaction zone wherein said gaseous reactants react exothermically to provide a product stream b) producing a mixed feed stream comprising oxygen by passing the product stream produced in step (a) and a second feed stream comprising a hydrocarbon feedstock to a mixing zone, oxygen being passed to the mixing zone via (i) the product stream produced in step (a), (ii) the second feed stream comprising a hydrocarbon feedstock and/or (iii) a third stream comprising an oxygen-containing gas c) passing the mixed feed stream directly to an essentially adiabatic second reaction zone wherein in the absence of a supported platinum group metal catalyst at least a part of the oxygen is consumed and a stream comprising olefins is produced e) cooling the stream comprising olefins exiting the second reaction zone to less than 650° C.

Abstract: A process of contacting at least one isoparaffin and at least one C5 olefin in the presence of a catalyst composition under conversion conditions to provide for converting the at least one isoparaffin and the at least one C5 olefin is provided. The catalyst composition contains a heteropoly acid, zinc, and a support component.

Abstract: A catalyst composition suitable for reacting hydrocarbons such as in fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) comprises an attrition-resistant particulate having at least 30% of an intermediate pore zeolite, kaolin, a phosphorous compound, and a high density unreactive component. An example of an unreactive component is alpha-alumina. The catalyst can also contain a reactive alumina of high surface area.

Abstract: A catalytic conversion process for producing light olefins with a high yield from petroleum hydrocarbons, which comprises the steps of contacting a pre-heated petroleum hydrocarbons feedstock with a catalyst which comprises phosphorus and transition metal modified silica rich zeolite having a structure of pentasil in a riser or a fluidized bed reactor, and converting under the catalytic conversion conditions to produce reaction effluent and a spent catalyst, separating the resulted reaction effluent and spent catalyst, further separating said reaction effluent into liquid products and gaseous products comprising ethylene and propylene; stripping the spent catalyst by steam; regenerating the stripped catalyst by contacting the spent catalyst with oxygen-containing gas and burning off coke; and recycling the regenerated catalyst to reactor for reuse.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of light weight olefins comprising olefins having from 2 to 3 carbon atoms per molecule from an oxygenate feedstock. The process comprises passing the oxygenate feedstock to an oxygenate conversion zone containing a metal alumino phosphate catalyst to produce a light weight olefin stream. A propylene stream and/or mixed butylene is fractionated from said light weight olefin stream and a medium weight C4 to C7 stream is cracked in a separate olefin cracking reactor to enhance the yield of ethylene and propylene products.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for enhancing the production of light olefins using a catalyst with small pores. The catalyst comprises a molecular sieve having 10 membered rings with channels of limited length. The molecular sieve has a high silica to alumina ratio and has pores sized to limit production of aromatics in the cracking process.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a process for producing propylene comprising the steps of contacting an olefin feed containing between about 40 and about 80 wt-% olefins and between about 20 and about 60 wt-% olefins and aromatics with a spherical catalyst to form a cracked product, the catalyst comprising about 30 to about 80 wt-% of a crystalline zeolite, the reaction conditions including a temperature from about 500° to 650° C., a hydrocarbon partial pressure of 70 to 280 kPa (10 to 40 psia), a liquid hourly space velocity in the range of 5 to 40 hr?1 and wherein propylene comprises at least 90 mol-% of the total C3 products.

Abstract: An FCC process for obtaining light olefins comprises contacting a hydrocarbon feed stream with blended catalyst comprising regenerated catalyst and coked catalyst. The catalyst has a composition including a first component and a second component. The second component comprises a zeolite with no greater than medium pore size wherein the zeolite comprises at least 1 wt-% of the catalyst composition. The contacting occurs in a riser to crack hydrocarbons in the feed stream and obtain a cracked stream containing hydrocarbon products including light olefins and coked catalyst. The cracked stream is passed out of an end of the riser such that the hydrocarbon feed stream is in contact with the blended catalyst in the riser for less than or equal to 2 seconds on average. The hydrocarbon products including light olefins are separated from the coked catalyst. The first portion of the coked catalyst is passed to a regeneration zone in which coke is combusted from the catalyst to produce a regenerated catalyst.

Abstract: A process for the production of an olefin comprising partially combusting in a reaction zone a mixture of a hydrocarbon and an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a catalyst which is capable of supporting combustion beyond the fuel rich limit of flammability to produce the olefin, wherein the superficial feed velocity of said mixture is at least 250 cm s?-1? at standard temperature and operating pressure with the proviso that where the catalyst is an unsupported catalyst, the superficial feed velocity of said mixture is at least 300 cm s?1 at standard temperature and operating pressure.

Abstract: Process for producing mono-olefins from a paraffin-containing hydrocarbon feed, comprising partially combusting a mixture of the hydrocarbon feed and a molecular oxygen-containing gas in contact with a catalyst capable of supporting combustion beyond the normal fuel rich limit of flammability and subsequently separating the products of the combustion. Energy for the separation is provided by a cogeneration process which simultaneously produces thermal energy and mechanical energy by combustion of fuel. The mechanical energy is converted to electricity, and the thermal energy is used to create steam for use in a steam turbine.

Abstract: A process for the production of an olefin from a hydrocarbon by autothermal cracking, which process comprises: partially combusting the hydrocarbon and an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a catalyst, wherein the stoichiometric ratio of hydrocarbon to oxygen is 5 to 16 times the stoichiometric ratio of hydrocarbon to oxygen required for complete combustion of the hydrocarbon to carbon dioxide and water, characterised in that the catalyst comprises palladium and at least one further metal being a Group IIIA, Group IVA, VA, a transition metal or a lanthanide.

Abstract: Process for the production of an olefin comprising partially combusting in a reaction zone a mixture of a hydrocarbon and an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a catalyst which is capable of supporting combustion beyond the fuel rich limit of flammability to produce the olefin. The superficial feed velocity of the mixture is at least 250 cm s?1 at standard temperature and operating pressure, with the proviso that where the catalyst is an unsupported catalyst, the superficial feed velocity of the mixture is at least 300 cm s?1 at standard temperature and operating pressure. The process is carried out at a pressure of at least 1.3 bara and the reaction zone is not externally heated.

Abstract: Process for the production of propylene starting from mixtures of hydrocarbons, prevalently olefins, the above hydrocarbons having a boiling point ranging from ?15° C. to +80° C., preferably from ?12° C. to +60° C., which comprises putting the above mixture of hydrocarbons in contact, under cracking conditions, with a large-pore zeolite having a molar ratio Silica/Alumina lower than 200, preferably ranging from 50 to 150.

Abstract: A catalyst is provided comprising (1) at least one solid acid component, and (2) at least one metal-based component comprised of one or more element from Groups 1–3, one or more element from Groups 4–15 and one or more element from Groups 16 and 17 of the Periodic Table of the Elements. The catalyst is particularly useful in producing light olefins, preferably from paraffins. When used to convert paraffins to light olefins, the catalyst is capable of high paraffin conversion, high olefin yield, and low aromatic yield. Optionally, the catalyst can further comprise at least one of a support and a binder.

Abstract: Process for the production of olefins such as ethylene from a hydrocarbon such as ethane. The process involves passing a mixture of the hydrocarbon and an oxagen-containing gas through a catalyst zone which is capable of supporting combustion beyond the fuel rich limit of flammability to produce the olefin. The catalyst zone comprises at least a first catalyst bed and a second catalyst bed. The second catalyst bed is located downstream of the first catalyst bed, is of a different composition to the first catalyst bed and comprises at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Mo, W, and groups IB, IIB, IIIB, IVB, VB, VIIB and VIII of the Periodic Table. Suitably, the first catalyst bed comprises platinum and the second catalyst bed comprises tin- or copper-promoted nickel, cobalt or iridium catalyst or a copper-only catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for pyrolysis of hydrocarbons for olefin preparation, and particularly to a process for pyrolysis of hydrocarbons comprising pyrolyzing paraffin hydrocarbons in the presence of steam to prepare olefins, where the pyrolysis is conducted in a pyrolysis reaction tube in which a porous inorganic substance with a pore diameter of 1 ?m˜5 mm, a porosity of 10˜80%, and a maximum specific surface area of 0.1 m2/g is inserted or filled. According to the present invention, in the hydrocarbon pyrolysis process, the porous inorganic substance is inserted or filled into the pyrolysis reaction tube, and thus the olefin yield can be improved compared to the conventional pyrolysis processes, a continuous operation period can be prolonged, and a life cycle of the pyrolysis reaction tube can be prolonged.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process of producing C2- to C4-olefins from steam and a feed mixture containing C4- to C8-olefins, wherein the feed mixture containing steam is introduced into a reactor with an inlet temperature of 300 to 700° C., said reactor comprising a bed of granular, form-selective zeolite catalyst, and wherein a product mixture containing steam and C2- to C4-olefins is withdrawn from the bed and is passed through at least one cooling means.

Abstract: A process for the production of olefins by catalytic cracking, the process comprising feeding a hydrocarbon feedstock containing at least one olefin of C4 or greater over a MFI-type crystalline silicate catalyst to produce an effluent containing at least one olefin of C2 or greater by catalytic cracking which is selective towards light olefins in the effluent, whereby for increasing the catalyst stability by limiting formation of coke thereon during the cracking process the catalyst has a silicon/aluminum atomic ratio of at least about 180, the olefin partial pressure is from 0.1 to 2 bars, and the feedstock contacts the catalyst at an inlet temperature of from 500 to 600° C.

Abstract: A method for reducing the formation of undesired heavy hydrocarbons when catalytically cracking a heavy olefin containing feed stock to a light olefin product by employing an oxygen containing hydrocarbon as a co-feed stock.

Abstract: A process for the production of an olefin comprising partially combusting in a reaction zone a mixture of a hydrocabon and an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a catalyst which is capable of supporting combustion beyond the fuel rich limit of flammability to produce the olefin. Prior the partial combustion, the mixture of the hydrocabon and the oxygen-containg gas is passed through a heat excahanger, and the heat exchanger provides a pressure drop.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for enhancing the production of light olefins using a catalyst with small pores. The catalyst comprises a molecular sieve having 10 membered rings with channels of limited length. The molecular sieve has a high silica to alumina ratio and has pores sized to limit production of aromatics in the cracking process.

Abstract: A C4+ naphtha hydrocarbon feed is converted to light olefins and aromatics, by contacting the feed with a catalyst containing ZSM-5 and/or ZSM-11, a substantially inert matrix material such as silica and/or clay, having less than about 20 wt % active matrix material based on total catalyst composition, and phosphorus.

Abstract: A process for producing polypropylene from olefins selectively produced from a catalytically cracked or thermally cracked naphtha stream is disclosed herein. The naphtha stream is contacted with a catalyst containing from about 10 to 50 wt. % of a crystalline zeolite having an average pore diameter less than about 0.7 nanometers at reaction conditions which include temperatures from about 500° C. to 650° C. and a hydrocarbon partial pressure from about 10 to 40 psia. The catalyst may be pre-coked with a carbonaceous feed. Alternatively, the carbonaceous feed used to coke the catalyst may be co-fed with the naphtha feed.

Abstract: A riser reactor system for conversion of hydrocarbon feedstock to ethylene and propylene is described. The riser reactor system prevents riser reactors with a plurality of inlet ports for feeding gases having different compositions and for controlling the residence time of a gas catalyst within the riser reactor.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon conversion process comprising contacting a hydrocarbon stream such as, for example, gasoline, with a catalyst composition to effect the conversion of the hydrocarbon to olefins and C6 to C8 aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylenes. The catalyst composition comprises a zeolite, a promoter and optionally a binder.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for upgrading Fischer-Tropsch products comprising oxygenates, C6+ olefins, and optionally heteroatom impurities such as nitrogen compounds, by contacting the product stream with acidic olefin cracking catalyst. This acidic olefin cracking catalyst converts the oxygenates and C6+ olefins in the Fischer-Tropsch product to form valuable light olefins such as propylene, butenes, and some pentenes, while leaving paraffins in the Fischer-Tropsch product largely unreacted. The light olefins formed can easily be separated and used for a variety of purposes.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for upgrading Fischer-Tropsch products comprising oxygenates, C6+ olefins, and optionally heteroatom impurities such as nitrogen compounds, by contacting the product stream with acidic olefin cracking catalyst. This acidic olefin cracking catalyst converts the oxygenates and C6+ olefins in the Fischer-Tropsch product to form valuable light olefins such as propylene, butenes, and some pentenes, while leaving paraffins in the Fischer-Tropsch product largely unreacted. The light olefins formed can easily be separated and used for a variety of purposes.

Abstract: Process for the regeneration of exhausted catalysts, containing one or more calcium aluminates, for steam cracking reactions, comprising treating said exhausted catalysts in a stream of water vapour at a temperature ranging from 700 to 950° C., preferably from 720 to 850° C., and at a pressure ranging from 0.5 to 2 atm.

Abstract: A catalytic cracking process for selectively producing C2 to C4 olefins is described in which a feedstock containing hydrocarbons having at least 5 carbon atoms is contacted, under catalytic cracking conditions, with a catalyst composition comprising the synthetic porous crystalline material ITQ-13 and, optionally, a large pore molecular sieve, such as zeolite Y.

Abstract: Catalyst for steam cracking reactions consisting of pure mayenite having the general formula: 12CaO.7Al2O3 having an X-ray diffraction spectrum as indicated in Table I, obtained with a preparation process comprising the following steps: dissolution of salts containing calcium and aluminum with water; complexing of the dissolved salts by means of polyfunctional organic hydroxyacids; drying of the solution resulting from the completing in order to obtain a solid precursor product; calcination of the solid precursor product at a temperature ranging from 1300 to 1400° C. for at least two hours.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon-containing feed, e.g. naphtha, is converted in a treatment plant (1), in particular a refinery or olefin plant, into desired olefins, e.g. ethylene and propylene. At least part of the fractions comprising relatively long-chain olefins, in particular olefins having at least four carbon atoms, obtained from the treatment plant (1) is passed to an olefin conversion stage (12). In the olefin conversion stage (12), for example, a catalytic reactor, in particular a fixed-bed reactor, at least part of the relatively long-chain olefins is converted into relatively shorter-chain olefins. To increase the yield of desired olefins, the olefin conversion stage (12) is preceded by a paraffin/olefin separation stage (23) wherein the feed stream is separated into a paraffin stream, e.g., a stream comprising butane and pentane, and an olefin stream, e.g,. a stream comprising butene and pentene, e.g., by extractive distillation. The paraffins obtained are recirculated to the treatment plant (1), e.g.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for treating naphtha. The method comprises providing naphtha feed, and the naphtha feed comprises naphthene ring-containing compounds. The naphtha feed is contacted with a ring opening catalyst containing a Group VIII metal under conditions effective to ring open the naphthene rings to form a ring opened product. The ring open product can then be contacted with a catalytic cracking catalyst under effective cracking conditions to form an olefin product. The olefin product will be particularly high in ethylene and propylene content.

Abstract: A process for the catalytic cracking of at least one olefin in an olefinic stream containing impurities, the cracking process being selective towards light olefins in the effluent, the process comprising contacting a feedstock olefinic stream containing at least one sulphur-, nitrogen- and/or oxygen-derivative impurity with a crystalline silicate catalyst of the MFI-type, the catalyst having a silicon/aluminum atomic ratio of at least about 180, to produce an effluent stream having substantially the same olefinic content by weight as, but a different olefin distribution than, the feedstock stream.

Abstract: A process for the catalytic cracking of an olefin-containing feedstock which is selective towards light olefins in the effluent, the process comprising contacting a hydrocarbon feedstock containing at least one olefin with a MFI-type crystalline silicate catalyst having a silicon/aluminum atomic ratio of at least about 180, which has been obtained by pretreating so as to increase the silicon/aluminum atomic ratio thereof by heating the catalyst in steam and de-aluminating the catalyst by treating the catalyst with a complexing agent for aluminum, at an inlet temperature of from 500 to 600° C. and at an olefin partial pressure of from 0.1 to 2 bars to produce an effluent with an olefin content of lower molecular weight than that of the feedstock.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a process for producing propylene comprising the steps of contacting an olefin feed containing between about 40 and about 80 wt- % olefins and between about 20 and about 60 wt- % olefins and aromatics with a spherical catalyst to form a cracked product, the catalyst comprising about 30 to about 80 wt- % of a crystalline zeolite, the reaction conditions including a temperature from about 500° to 650 ° C., a hydrocarbon partial pressure of 70 to 280 kPa (10 to 40 psia), a liquid hourly space velocity in the range of 5 to 40 hr−1 and wherein propylene comprises at least 90 mol- % of the total C3 products.

Abstract: A catalyst is provided comprising (1) at least one solid acid component, and (2) at least one metal-based component comprised of one or more element from Groups 1-3, one or more element from Groups 4-15 and one or more element from Groups 16 and 17 of the Periodic Table of the Elements. The catalyst is particularly useful in producing light olefins, preferably from paraffins. When used to convert paraffins to light olefins, the catalyst is capable of high paraffin conversion, high olefin yield, and low aromatic yield. Optionally, the catalyst can further comprise at least one of a support and a binder.

Abstract: A method for reducing the formation of undesired heavy hydrocarbons when catalytically cracking a heavy olefin containing feed stock to a light olefin product by employing an oxygen containing hydrocarbon as a co-feed stock.

Abstract: A catalytic cracking process for selectively producing C2 to C4 olefins is described in which a feedstock containing hydrocarbons having at least 5 carbon atoms is contacted, under catalytic cracking conditions, with a catalyst composition comprising the synthetic porous crystalline material ITQ-13 and, optionally, a large pore molecular sieve, such as zeolite Y.

Abstract: A process for the production of an olefin from a hydrocarbon, which process comprises: partially combusting the hydrocarbon and an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a catalyst, characterised in that the catalyst comprises palladium and at least one further metal, said further metal being a Group IIA, Group IVA, VA or a transition metal.

Abstract: A catalyst and an improved process for producing olefins by catalytic naphtha cracking are described. The process provides relatively higher yields over a commercially important range of naphtha conversion, while providing about the same or lower yields of aromatics and methane over the range. In the process, a hydrocarbon naphtha feedstock including a hydrocarbon having about three to about twenty carbon atoms per molecule is passed into a reactor containing a pentasil zeolite catalyst. The catalyst includes about 0.1 to about 10 weight percent phosphorus and about 0.1 to about 10 weight percent of a promoter metal selected from the group consisting of gallium, germanium, tin and mixtures thereof. The hydrocarbon may be passed into the reactor together with a diluent selected from the group consisting of steam, nitrogen, methane, and ethane and mixtures thereof. Alternatively, the hydrocarbon may be passed into the reactor together with additional propane.

Abstract: An FCC process for obtaining light olefins comprises contacting a hydrocarbon feed stream with blended catalyst comprising regenerated catalyst and coked catalyst. The catalyst has a composition including a first component and a second component. The second component comprises a zeolite with no greater than medium pore size wherein the zeolite comprises at least 1 wt-% of the catalyst composition. The contacting occurs in a riser to crack hydrocarbons in the feed stream and obtain a cracked stream containing hydrocarbon products including light olefins and coked catalyst. The cracked stream is passed out of an end of the riser such that the hydrocarbon feed stream is in contact with the blended catalyst in the riser for less than or equal to 2 seconds on average.

Abstract: A process for producing polymers from olefins selectively produced from a catalytically cracked or thermally cracked naphtha stream is disclosed herein. The naphtha feedstream is contacted in the reaction zone with a catalyst under catalytic conversion concditions. Vapor products are collected overhead and the catalyst particles are passed through the stripping zone on the way to the catalyst regeneration zone. Volatiles are stripped with steam in the stripping zone and the catalyst particles are sent to the catalyst regeneration zone where coke is burned from the catalyst, which is then recycled to the reaction zone. A stream rich in C4 and/or C5 olefins is recycled to the stripping zone.

Abstract: A selective hydrogenation catalyst system, and a process for its preparation and its use. The catalyst system of the invention comprises a support material, a Pd-containing catalyst component and a Bi-containing cocatalyst component. The catalyst system of the invention is manufactured by impregnating the support material simultaneously or separately with Pd-containing solution, Bi-containing solution or/and one or more other cocatalyst solutions, and then drying and calcining. The activity and selectivity of the catalyst system of the invention, in selective hydrogenation of acetylenic and diolefmic compounds in hydrocarbon feeds, are significantly improved, while the green oil formation and carbon deposit on the catalyst reduced, and the service life increased and production costs decreased.

Abstract: The invention is related to a catalyst and a process for selectively producing light (i.e., C2-C4) olefins from a catalytically cracked or thermally cracked naphtha stream. The naphtha stream is contacted with a catalyst containing from about 10 to 50 wt. % of a crystalline zeolite having an average pore diameter less than about 0.7 nanometers at reaction conditions. The catalysts do not require steam activation.

Abstract: A process for the production of olefins from a hydrocarbon comprising the steps of: a) providing a first feed stream comprising a gaseous fuel and an oxygen-containing gas; b) contacting the first feed stream with a first catalyst under conditions so as to produce a product stream and unreacted oxygen; c) providing a second feed stream of hydrocarbon feedstock; and d) contacting the second feed stream, the product stream of step b) and the unreacted oxygen step b) with a second catalyst which is capable of supporting oxidation, thereby consuming at least a part of the unreacted oxygen to produce an olefin product.