Abstract: A process for the preparation of a naphtha-selective hydrocracking catalyst comprising of from 3 to 4.8% wt of molybdenum, calculated as metal, and of from 1.5 to 3% wt of nickel, calculated as metal, which comprises loading a refractory oxide support comprising an alumina binder component and a zeolite Y component in a content of from 65 to 75 wt % based on the total weight of the catalyst, with nickel and molybdenum in the presence of citric acid, wherein the zeolite Y component has a unit cell size in the range of from 24.42 to 24.52 ?, a SAR in the range of from 8 to 15, and a surface area of from 850 to 1020 m2/g.

Abstract: The invention relates to a rotary disc device (1) in a rotary fluidised bed, the outer edge of said disc rotating inside, and faster than, the fluidised bed, thereby allowing: the rotation speed of the fluidised bed to be accelerated, solid particles and/or micro-droplets to be supplied to the fluidised bed or to the free central area, and different annular areas of the fluidised bed to be separated. The invention also relates to methods for transforming solid particles or micro-droplets on contact with the fluids flowing through the rotary fluidised bed or for transforming fluids on contact with solids in suspension in the rotary fluidised bed, using said device.

Abstract: A process for making a bio-naphtha and optionally bio-propane from a complex mixture of natural occurring fats & oils, wherein said complex mixture is subjected to a refining treatment for removing the major part of non-triglyceride and non-fatty acid components, thereby obtaining refined fats & oils; said refined fats & oils are transformed into linear or substantially linear paraffin's as the bio-naphtha by an hydrodeoxygenation or from said refined fats & oils are obtained fatty acids that are transformed into linear or substantially linear paraffin's as the bio-naphtha by hydrodeoxygenation or decarboxylation of the free fatty acids or from said refined fats & oils are obtained fatty acids soaps that are transformed into linear or substantially linear paraffin's as the bio-naphtha by decarboxylation of the soaps.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the processing of hydrocarbon-containing feedstreams in the presence of an interstitial metal hydride comprised of at least one chemical element selected from Groups 3-11 (including the lanthanides, atomic numbers 58 to 71), and at least one chemical element selected from Groups 13-15 from the IUPAC Periodic Table of Elements. These interstitial metal hydrides, their catalysts and processes using these interstitial metal hydrides and catalysts of the present invention improve overall hydrogenation, product conversion, as well as sulfur reduction in hydrocarbon feedstreams.

Abstract: A molecular sieve material, EMM-17, has in its as-calcined form an X-ray diffraction pattern including the following peaks in Table 11: TABLE 11 d-spacing Relative Intensity (?) [100 × I/I(o)] % 17.4-16.4 1-10 12.6-12.1 1-20 11.8-11.4 60-100 11.2-10.8 5-30 10.7-10.3 30-80? 8.62-8.38 10-40? 6.09-5.96 1-20 5.71-5.61 1-20 4.23-4.17 1-20 4.09-4.03 1-10 3.952-3.901 10-40? 3.857-3.809 5-30 3.751-3.705 1-20 3.727-3.682 1-20 3.689-3.644 1-10 3.547-3.

Abstract: A process of tuning a hydrocarbon product composition is described. The process involves selecting paraffins for reaction. The equilibrium constants for reactions of the selected paraffins can be used to select appropriate feed ratios, or an equilibrium composition as function of C/H molar ratio. A selected feed is reacted to obtain the product. Equilibrium product compositions and non-equilibrium product compositions can be obtained using the process.

Abstract: The invention relates to hydrocarbon conversion processes, to equipment useful in such processes, to the products of such hydrocarbon conversion processes and the use thereof, and to the use of energy derived from such processes.

Abstract: Methods are provided for producing a jet fuel composition from a feedstock comprising a natural oil. The methods comprise reacting the feedstock with oxygen under conditions sufficient to form an oxygen-cleaved product. The methods further comprise hydrogenating the oxygen-cleaved product under conditions sufficient to form a jet fuel composition.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions of crystalline coordination copolymers wherein multiple organic molecules are assembled to produce porous framework materials with layered or core-shell structures. These materials are synthesized by sequential growth techniques such as the seed growth technique. In addition, the invention provides a simple procedure for controlling functionality.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for the preparation of a catalyst for carrying out hydrogenation reactions in hydrotreatment and hydrocracking processes. Said catalyst is prepared from at least one mononuclear precursor based on molybdenum (Mo), in its monomeric or dimeric form, having at least one Mo?O or Mo—OR bond or at least one Mo?S or Mo—SR bond where [R?CxHy where x?1 and (x?1)?y?(2x+1) or R?Si(OR?)3 or R?Si(R?)3 where R??Cx?Hy? where x??1 and (x??1)?y??(2x?+1)], and optionally from at least one promoter element from group VIII. Said precursors are deposited onto an oxide support which is suitable for the process in which it is used, said catalyst being dried at a temperature of less than 200° C. then advantageously being sulphurized before being deployed in said process.

Abstract: An apparatus for breaking molecular bonds of a liquid may include a first arrangement configured to create macroscopic flow of a liquid such that a molecule of the liquid has a velocity corresponding to a bond disassociation energy of the molecule. The apparatus may also include a second arrangement configured to collide the macroscopic flow of liquid with an obstacle. The collision results in molecular collisions having an energy that exceeds the bond disassociation energy of the molecule.

Abstract: Fuels and other valuable compositions and compounds can be made from oil extracted from microbial biomass and from oil-bearing microbial biomass via hydroprocessing and/or other chemical treatments, including the alkaline hydrolysis of glycerolipids and fatty acid esters to fatty acid salts.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to catalytically active carbocatalysts, e.g., a graphene oxide or graphite oxide catalyst suitable for use in a variety of high value chemical transformations.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing a catalyst comprising a mesoporized zeolite, comprising the steps of: preparation of a protonic mesoporized zeolite, which contains at least one network of micropores and at least one network of mesopores, and treatment in a gas or liquid phase containing ammonia or ammonium ions. The invention also related to the obtained catalyst and the use of this catalyst in hydroconversion processes.

Abstract: A process for pre-reforming a hydrocarbon containing stream prior to admission into a steam methane reformer is provided. This process includes a system with two pre-reformer reactors in series, wherein an oxygen stream is combined with the partially reformed outlet stream of the first pre-reformer reactor, then the combined stream is introduced into the second pre-reformer reactor.

Abstract: A new family of crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites has been synthesized that has been designated UZM-43. These zeolites are similar to previously known ERS-10, SSZ-47 and RUB-35 zeolites but are characterized by unique x-ray diffraction patterns and compositions and have catalytic properties for carrying out various hydrocarbon conversion processes. Catalysts made from these zeolites are useful in hydrocarbon conversion reactions.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of generating hydrogen from a bio-oil, comprising hydrogenating a water-soluble fraction of the bio-oil with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst, and reforming the water-soluble fraction by aqueous-phase reforming in the presence of a reforming catalyst, wherein hydrogen is generated by the reforming, and the amount of hydrogen generated is greater than that consumed by the hydrogenating. The method can further comprise hydrocracking or hydrotreating a lignin fraction of the bio-oil with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrocracking catalyst wherein the lignin fraction of bio-oil is obtained as a water-insoluble fraction from aqueous extraction of bio-oil. The hydrogen used in the hydrogenating and in the hydrocracking or hydrotreating can be generated by reforming the water-soluble fraction of bio-oil.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for converting a paraffinic feedstock comprising at least 50 wt % of compounds boiling above 370° C., a paraffin content of at least 60 wt %, an aromatics content below 1 wt %, a naphthenic content below 2 wt %, a nitrogen content below 0.1 wt %, and a sulphur content below 0.1 wt %, comprising: (a) reacting the feedstock with hydrogen at a temperature between 175 and 400° C. and a pressure between 20 and 100 bar using a catalyst comprising 0.005 to 5.0 wt % of a Group VIII noble metal on a carrier comprising 0.1-15 wt % zeolite beta and at least 40 wt % amorphous silica-alumina (b) withdrawing the effluent (c) subjecting the effluent to a fractionation step to form a heavy fraction, an intermediate fraction, and a light fraction; and (d) providing at least part of the heavy fraction to the reaction zone.

Abstract: This invention relates to a hybrid component comprising at least one nanoparticle of inorganic layered compound (in the form of fullerene-like structure or nanotube), and at least one metal nanoparticle, uses thereof as a catalyst, (e.g. photocatalysis) and processes for its preparation.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment may be a process for fluid catalytic cracking. The process can include providing a stream through a plurality of distributors to a riser terminating in a reaction vessel. Often, the plurality of distributors includes a first distributor set having at least two distributors positioned around a perimeter of the riser, a second distributor set having at least two distributors positioned around the perimeter of the riser, and a third distributor set having at least two distributors positioned around the perimeter of the riser.

Abstract: Process for producing hydrocarbons from a carboxylic acid by feeding hydrogen and a reaction composition containing a carboxylic acid to a reactor, maintaining reaction conditions such that the hydrogen reacts with the carboxylic acid to produce a C1 compound including CO, CO2 and CH4, and one or more product hydrocarbons derived from the carboxylic acid. The reaction between hydrogen and the carboxylic acid is catalysed. A product stream is removed from the reactor including unreacted hydrogen, at least one C1 compound, and at least one product hydrocarbon. One or more parameters of the reaction are controlled such that the molar ratio of C1 compounds produced by the reaction to the carboxylate groups present in the carboxylic acid in the reaction composition is maintained above a value of 0.37:1, and the mole ratio of carbon dioxide to the sum of carbon monoxide and methane is maintained above a value of 0.58:1.

Abstract: In one aspect, the invention includes a refractory material, said material comprising: (i) at least 20 wt. % of a first grain mode stabilized zirconia based upon the total weight of said material, said first grain mode having a D50 grain size in the range of from 5 to 2000 ?m, said stabilized zirconia including a matrix oxide stabilizer; (ii) at least 1 wt. % of a second grain mode having a D50 grain size in the range of from 0.01 ?m up to not greater than one-fourth the D50 grain size of said first grain mode zirconia, based upon the total weight of said material; and (iii) at least 1 wt. % of a preservative component within at least one of said first grain mode stabilized zirconia, said second grain mode stabilized zirconia, and an optional another grain mode; wherein after sintering, said material has porosity at 20° C. in the range of from 5 to 45 vol %.

Abstract: A reactor system for the transformation of solid, liquid, gaseous, and related hydrocarbon feedstocks into high-purity, high-pressure gas streams capable of withstanding high temperatures and high pressures. The system comprises a plurality of reactor housings and a plurality of molten-metal bath vessels within the housings, the bath vessels in fluid communication with each other via conduits, with communication facilitated by gravity and temperature/pressure differentials.

Abstract: A new family of coherently grown composites of TUN and IMF zeotypes have been synthesized. These zeolites are represented by the empirical formula. NanMmk+TtAl1-xExSiyOz where “n” is the mole ratio of Na to (Al+E), M represents a metal or metals from zinc, Group 1, Group 2, Group 3 and or the lanthanide series of the periodic table, “m” is the mole ratio of M to (Al+E), “k” is the average charge of the metal or metals M, T is the organic structure directing agent or agents, and E is a framework element such as gallium. These zeolites are similar to TNU-9 and IM-5 but are characterized by unique compositions and synthesis procedures and have catalytic properties for carrying out various hydrocarbon conversion processes and separation properties for carrying out various separations.

Abstract: In a process for producing a phosphorus-modified zeolite catalyst, zeolite crystals can be formed into a shaped catalyst body either in the absence of a separate inorganic oxide binder or in the presence of a separate inorganic oxide binder that is substantially free of aluminum. After converting the zeolite crystals to the hydrogen form and removing any organic directing agent employed in the synthesis of the zeolite crystals, the shaped catalyst body can be treated with an aqueous solution of a phosphorus compound, and the treated catalyst body can be heated to remove the water and to convert the phosphorus compound to an oxide form.

Abstract: High power RF energy supplied to a reaction chamber at a resonant frequency is used to break the covalent bonds of a hydrocarbon material without heat. An RF signal generator may be used to supply RF energy to a resonant ring through a four port coupler. The phase of the RF energy passing through the resonant ring may be adjusted to achieve an integral multiple of a resonant wavelength. Wavelength and intensity may be adjusted to sublimate or pyrolyze the hydrocarbon material to yield a useful gaseous product.

Abstract: Methods for deriving a low-C hydrocarbon fuel from a high-C hydrocarbon fuel are generally provided. A catalytic material (e.g., an aluminosilicate and/or a zeolite) can be introduced to the high-C hydrocarbon fuel to produce a product stream comprising a low-C hydrocarbon fuel, and the low-C hydrocarbon fuel can be separated in the product stream from any remaining high-C hydrocarbon fuel.

Abstract: A process is presented for the production of light olefins from a paraffin stream comprising pentanes. The process includes a series of pentane cracking reactors where a process stream having pentane in the process stream passes through the reactors with the process stream heated between each pair of successive reactors, and where the process is operated at low pressures.

Abstract: The present invention provides a catalyst comprising metallic Pt and/or Pd supported on a binder-free zeolite for producing light aromatic hydrocarbons and light alkanes from hydrocarbonaceous feedstock, wherein the amount of metallic Pt and/or Pd is of 0.01-0.8 wt %, preferably 0.01-0.5 wt % on the basis of the total weight of the catalyst, and the binder-free zeolite is selected from the group consisting of mordenite, beta zeolite, Y zeolite, ZSM-5, ZSM-11 and composite or cocrystal zeolite thereof. The present invention also provides a process for producing light aromatic hydrocarbons and light alkanes from hydrocarbonaceous feedstock using said catalyst.

Abstract: Methods for producing in a reactor natural gas from heavy hydrocarbons. A mixture of heavy hydrocarbons and a catalyst comprising a transition metal are heated under an anoxic condition in a reactor. Natural gas, e.g., catalytic natural gas, is generated from the heavy hydrocarbons by a disproportionation reaction promoted by the catalyst. The anoxic condition can be created by flowing an anoxic stimulation gas in the reactor.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to processes using a borosilicate ZSM-48 as a catalyst for the selective hydroconversion of heavy normal paraffins into lighter normal paraffin products, with minimal formation of isoparaffins. The borosilicate ZSM-48 molecular sieve has a mole ratio of between 40 and 400 of silicon oxide to boron oxide, synthesized using novel structure directing agents.

Abstract: Integrating a biomass pyrolysis and upgrading process into a fluid catalytic cracking unit. The process uses conventional FCC feed and a mixture of a solvent and biomass to produce upgraded fuel products. A slurry stream composed of solid biomass particles and a solvent is fed into an FCC riser through a slurry pump to achieve biomass pyrolysis and in situ pyrolysis oil upgrading. The catalytic cracking of the conventional petroleum feed also occurs in the riser.

Abstract: Biogases such as natural gas and other gases capable of being biologically derived by digestion of organic matter are converted to a clean-burning hydrocarbon liquid fuel in a continuous process wherein a biogas is fed to a reaction vessel where the biogas contacts a liquid petroleum fraction and a transition metal catalyst immersed in the liquid, vaporized product gas is drawn from a vapor space above the liquid level, condensed, and fed to a product vessel where condensate is separated from uncondensed gas and drawn off as the liquid product fuel as uncondensed gas is recycled to the reaction vessel.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a catalyst composition comprises from about 5 weight percent to about 70 weight percent of silica-alumina; from about 30 weight percent to about 90 weight percent alumina; and from about 0.01 weight percent to about 2.0 weight percent of a group VIII metal. In another embodiment, a method for processing hydrocarbons comprises hydro-treating the hydrocarbons in the presence of a catalyst composition, wherein the catalyst comprises from about 5 weight percent to about 70 weight percent silica-alumina; from about 30 weight percent to about 90 weight percent alumina; and from about 0.01 weight percent to about 2.0 weight percent of a group VIII metal.

Abstract: A caged phosphine product is provided which can act as a ligand to form a metal complex. The metal complex can be used as a catalyst.

Abstract: This invention is for a catalyst for conversion of hydrocarbons. The catalyst is a non-acidic germanium zeolite, such as Ge-ZSM-5, on which at least two metals, platinum and at least one other metal selected from Group 7, Group 8, Group 9, Group 10 and tin, are deposited on the germanium zeolite. Examples of the other metal are iridium, rhenium, palladium, ruthenium, rhodium, iron, cobalt and tin. The catalyst is prepared by synthesizing a germanium zeolite; depositing platinum and at least one other metal on the germanium zeolite; and calcining after preparation of the zeolite, before depositing the metals or after depositing the metals. The catalyst may be used in a process for the conversion of hydrocarbons, such as propane to aromatics, by contacting the catalyst with a hydrocarbon stream containing alkanes, olefins and mixtures thereof having 2 to 12 carbon atoms per molecule and recovering the product.

Abstract: To provide a method for hydrotreating a synthetic hydrocarbon oil, which removes olefins and oxygen-containing compounds by hydrotreatment with the gasification rate restrained and can efficiently convert the synthetic hydrocarbon oil generated by the FT process to a liquid fuel suitable as a fuel for diesel-powered vehicles. A hydrotreating method is disclosed in which a synthetic hydrocarbon oil generated by FT synthesis is hydrotreated using a catalyst in which a definite catalytic metal is allowed to be carried on a support, under definite reaction conditions, with the gasification rate restrained to a definite value or less, thereby removing the olefins and the oxygen-containing compounds.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for producing, inter alia, olefins from refinery saturated and unsaturated off-gas. Furthermore, said refinery streams are not required to undergo deoxygenation reaction in a separate reactor system provided they are fed to the pyrolysis furnace. The refinery off-gases are treated to produce olefins such as ethylene and propylene. Gases from petrochemical facilities, gas separation plants and similar facilities that produce light gases containing ethane and propane are useful in the present method.

Abstract: A method for cracking hydrocarbon, comprises: providing steam and hydrocarbon; and feeding steam and hydrocarbon into a reactor accessible to hydrocarbon and comprising a perovskite material of formula AaBbCcDdO3-?, wherein 0<a<1.2, 0?b?1.2, 0.9<a+b?1.2, 0<c<1.2, 0?d?1.2, 0.9<c+d?1.2, ?0.5<?<0.

Abstract: Catalytic cracking processes such as fluidized catalytic cracking, naphtha cracking, and olefin cracking are catalyzed by the UZM-35 family of crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites represented by the empirical formula: Mmn+Rr+Al(1-x)ExSiyOz where M represents a combination of potassium and sodium exchangeable cations, R is a singly charged organoammonium cation such as the dimethyldipropylammonium cation and E is a framework element such as gallium. These UZM-35 zeolites are active and selective in the catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons.

Abstract: The hydrocarbon-based lubricating base oil of the invention has a urea adduct value of not greater than 4% by mass, a viscosity index of 100 or greater, and a cycloparaffin content of 30-60% by mass based on the total amount of the saturated components, as measured by field desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. The hydrocarbon-based lubricating base oil of the invention allows high levels of both viscosity-temperature characteristic and low-temperature viscosity characteristic to be obtained, and exhibits excellence in terms of evaporation property and energy efficiency.

Abstract: Methods for producing in a reactor natural gas from heavy hydrocarbons. A mixture of heavy hydrocarbons and a catalyst comprising a transition metal are heated under an anoxic condition in a reactor. Natural gas, e.g., catalytic natural gas, is generated from the heavy hydrocarbons by a disproportionation reaction promoted by the catalyst. The anoxic condition can be created by flowing an anoxic stimulation gas in the reactor.

Abstract: A process for increasing the light olefin production from light paraffins is presented. The process includes separating paraffins from olefin streams and separately processing the paraffins.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a novel method of making and recovering M41S family molecular sieve materials using synthesis mixtures having high solids-content and without a purification step. The solids-content, for example, is in a range from about 20 wt. % to 50 wt. %. The method also includes the step of mixing at least a portion of the M41S made with another material to form a composition, wherein the amount of said material to be mixed with said M41S product is such that said composition having less than 10 wt. % free fluid. The material mixed with the M41S made includes metal oxides, metal nitrides, metal carbides and mixtures thereof, as well as absorptive material capable of absorbing mother liquor and selected from the group consisting of carbon silica, alumina, titania, zirconia and mixtures thereof. The amount of the wastewater generated by this novel method is reduced by at least 50% to as much as 100% as comparing with conventional method of making M41S materials.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions of crystalline coordination copolymers wherein multiple organic molecules are assembled to produce porous framework materials with layered or core-shell structures. These materials are synthesized by sequential growth techniques such as the seed growth technique. In addition, the invention provides a simple procedure for controlling functionality.

Abstract: Provided is a process and catalyst for hydrocracking paraffinic hydrocarbons which provides satisfactorily high cracking activity and middle distillate yield as well as the low pour point of the resulting gas oil all together. The catalyst of the present invention comprises a crystalline aluminosilicate, alumina-boria and a noble metal of Group VIII of the Periodic Table.

Abstract: A method of providing a porous surface on a nickel substrate comprising treating the substrate with a flowing stream of gas comprising ammonia or hydrazine at a temperature of at least 4000 C, the resultant porous surface comprising pores which are substantially all interconnected and have access to the surface.

Abstract: A hydrocracking catalyst that solves the above-described problem comprises a carrier containing ultra-stable Y-type zeolite obtained by the ultrastabilization of NaY-type zeolite and a metal from group VIII of the Periodic Table supported on this carrier, and is characterized in that the NaY-type zeolite has a peak in its X-ray diffraction pattern in the range of 2?=28.0° to 28.5° and 2?=15.0° to 16.0°, and the intensity ratio I1/I2 is no greater than 0.05, letting I1 be the peak intensity observed in the range of 2?=28.0° to 28.5° and I2 be the peak intensity observed in the range of 2?=15.0° to 16.0°.

Abstract: To provide a method for hydrotreating a synthetic hydrocarbon oil, which removes olefins and oxygen-containing compounds by hydrotreatment with the gasification rate restrained and can efficiently convert the synthetic hydrocarbon oil generated by the FT process to a liquid fuel suitable as a fuel for diesel-powered vehicles. A hydrotreating method in which a synthetic hydrocarbon oil generated by FT synthesis is hydrotreated using a catalyst in which a definite catalytic metal is allowed to be carried on a support, under definite reaction conditions, with the gasification rate restrained to a definite value or less, thereby removing the olefins and the oxygen-containing compounds.

Abstract: Provided is a process and catalyst for hydrocracking paraffinic hydrocarbons which provides satisfactorily high cracking activity and middle distillate yield as well as the low pour point of the resulting gas oil all together. The catalyst of the present invention comprises a crystalline aluminosilicate, alumina-boria and a noble metal of Group VIII of the Periodic Table.