Abstract: A catalyst composition consisting essentially of(A) a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite having a silica/alumina mole ratio of at least 10, at least 50% of all its cation sites being occupied by an alkali metal cation (component A), and(B) a refractory inorganic oxide having (b-1) platinum and (b-2) tin and/or indium supported thereon (component B). A process for cracking non-aromatic hydrocarbons in the presence of the catalyst composition, and a process for isomerizing C.sub.8 aromatic hydrocarbons, particularly xylenes, by applying the catalyst composition in combination with a conventional isomerization catalyst.

Abstract: A process is disclosed that provides a high conversion of n-butane to C.sub.5 + gasoline by integrating the medium pore metallosilicate catalyzed process for fresh n-butane conversion to C.sub.5 + gasoline with a medium pore metallosilicate catalyzed process for propane conversion in a manner which allows a portion of the propane by-product of n-butane conversion to be converted to C.sub.4 + alkanes, followed by recycle of the n-butane portion of the C.sub.4 + alkanes. It has been discovered that separation of the products from the separate propane and n-butane conversion steps can be carried out concurrently in a single fractionator to provide the C.sub.5 + gasoline product and the propane and butane recycle streams. Preferably, the fractionator butane cut is treated in a deisobutanizer to recover isobutane and n-butane recycle. A further discovery utilizes the common fractionator not only to separate the products from the conversion processes but to concurrently separate a mixed fresh C.sub.3 -C.sub.

Abstract: A combination process for the conversion of C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 aliphatic hydrocarbons into easily transportable hydrocarbons of greater molecular weight. The combination process comprises converting the C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 aliphatic hydrocarbons to aromatic hydrocarbons in a dehydrocyclodimerization reaction zone after which the aromatic product is isomerized in the presence of hydrogen from the dehydrocyclodimerization reaction step to produce transportable aliphatic hydrocarbons.

Abstract: This invention deals with a crystalline oxysulfide composition, a process for preparing the composition, a catalyst using the composition and processes using the composition. The crystalline oxysulfide composition has a three-dimensional microporous framework structure of at least MO.sub.2, MS.sub.2, and MOS tetrahedral units, having an intracrystalline pore system and an empirical formula expressed in molar ratios:(M.sub.s Al.sub.t P.sub.u Si.sub.v)S.sub.w O.sub.2-wwhere M is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of metals which: 1) can be incorporated into the framework structure of a microporous molecular sieve and 2) form hydrolytically stable sulfides; s, t, u, v and w are the mole fractions of M, Al, P, Si and S respectively. The oxysulfide composition is prepared by contacting a molecular sieve having an empirical formula: (M.sub.s Al.sub.t P.sub.u Si.sub.v)O.sub.

Abstract: A process for converting solid plastic materials, preferably waste materials, into usable lower molecular weight hydrocarbonaceous materials by reacting such plastic materials at elevated temperatures in effective contact with an acidic catalyst comprising at least one zeolite having acid activity.

Abstract: Ternary oxide phases, including copper oxide, which exhibit unusal electronic properties, have been determined to exhibit catalytic function for the oxidiation of carbon monoxide, the hydrogenation of ethylene and the cracking of hydrocarbons.

Abstract: Waxy distillates, or raffinates containing from as little as 10% wax but more typically about 30% wax or more are upgraded by a process comprising the steps of hydrotreating the waxy oil under conditions which convert less than 20% of the feed into products boiling lower than the feed to reduce the sulfur and nitrogen content of the oil followed by hydroisomerizing the hydrotreated waxy oil to reduce the wax content and increase the viscosity index. This oil having a waxy content of less than 30%, preferably less than 25%, can now be more easily dewaxed using conventional solvent dewaxing procedures. The advantage of the present process resides in the increased yield and/or stability of oil as compared to other upgrading, dewaxing processes which convert wax to light products. The isomerization catalyst is preferably a low fluorine content catalyst, more preferably a noble metal on 0.1 to less than 2 wt % fluorine on alumina catalyst, most preferably a noble Group VIII metal (e.g.

Abstract: Neopentane is prepared by reaction of neohexane with free hydrogen, in the presence of the supported palladium catalyst, which preferably additionally contains nickel and/or cobalt.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for the catalytic isomerization of waxes to liquid products, particularly to the production of high yields of liquid products boiling in the 370.degree. C..sup.+ range suitable for use as lube oil base stocks or blending stocks, said process employing as the catalyst a material made by depositing a hydrogenation metal component on a refractory metal oxide base, preferably alumina, fluoriding said metal loaded base using aqueous HF and subsequently crushing the fluorided metal loaded base to produce a sized material of 1/32 inch and less its largest cross-sectional dimension. Alternately the catalyst can be made by depositing a hydrogenation metal component on a refractory metal oxide base of 1/32 inch and less across its largest cross-sectional dimension and subsequently fluoriding said sized material using aqueous HF. In either case the catalyst is activated before being used by heating in a hydrogen atmosphere to from 350.degree. C. to 500.degree. C.

Abstract: A method for treating carbonaceous material, e.g. waste oil containing PCB toxic materials, by effecting the pyrolytic gasification thereof to produce a relatively high BTU content gas that is substantially free of the toxic materials to supplement or substitute for natural gas. This is attained by a furnace in which the products of combustion are utilized to separately generate steam and to preheat a supply of carbonaceous material which may be mixed with water. The generated steam is mixed with the preheated carbonaceous material and passed through a premixing and/or a primary dynamic mixer wherein the preheated carbonaceous material and steam mixture is further heated to a temperature ranging between 1600.degree.-1800.degree. F. to effect a partial gasification of the carbonaceous material. The partially gasified material is thereafter directed through one or more secondary dynamic mixing chambers to be further heated in the presence of additional steam to complete the gasification thereof.

Abstract: A C.sub.4 -C.sub.6 feed to an isomerization zone containing substantial amounts of cyclic hydrocarbons is contacted with a high chloride, platinum alumina catalyst to simultaneously open cyclic hydrocarbon rings and isomerize paraffins to more highly branched paraffins. The process can operate at relatively low severity conditions that provide favorable equilibrium conditions for isoparaffin conversion. The ring opening is also obtained without excessive generation of light hydrocarbons. Multiple stage reaction zones may be used to operate the first stage at slightly higher severity than the second stage to maximize ring opening and obtain favorable equilibrium of iso to normal paraffins.

Abstract: Process for converting propane to a mixture of normal butane and isobutane by contact with a ZSM-5 type zeolite in the absence of added hydrogen. The isobutane formed may be used to manufacture alkylate for motor fuel.

Abstract: Alkali metal carbonates have been found to be effective catalysts for dehydrogenation of primary and secondary alcohols. The dehydrogenated products may be either predominantly ketones and aldehydes, depending on whether the feed alcohol is secondary or primary, or may be fuel gases. Lower reaction temperatures, in the neighborhood of 600.degree. C., tend to produce high yields of liquid products. Higher temperatures encourage production of fuel gases of high calorific value. When fuel gases are a desired product, a feedstock containing water, in addition to the alcohol, produces increased yields due to the simultaneous catalysis of the water-gas shift reaction.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing iso-paraffins from aromatic hydrocarbons comprising contacting the aromatic hydrocarbon or aromatic hydrocarbon-containing feed with a molten salt system comprising sodium tetrachloroaluminate (NaAlCl.sub.4) and up to about 25 weight percent hydrogen tetrachloroaluminate (HAlCl.sub.4) at a temperature above about 155.degree. C., i.e. that required to maintain the molten state of said mixture, whereby the ring structure is opened and the aromatic compound is rearranged to an iso-paraffin of the same or substantially the same molecular weight.

Abstract: A process for isomerization of paraffinic or olefinic hydrocarbons using as catalysts or as supports for catalysts bridged clays which are prepared by an aqueous clay suspension subjected to a dialysis.

Abstract: An improved process for producing ethane from aromatic hydrocarbons is described. Hydrogen and the hydrocarbons are introduced into a catalytically inert reactor zone and are reacted under closely controlled conditions which provide an enhanced yield of ethane.

Abstract: This invention relates to a new manner of carrying out chemical reactions by injection of selected forms of energy into the reaction zone by novel means. By applying this principal, many new processes result with application in a large number of different industries. The new process is generally capable of operation at room temperatures, which has advantages in the creation of certain sensitive products including uniformly doped semi-conductors, new catalysts, pure gases, high purity materials of any kind, controlled coatings, new polymers, combustion enhancement, difficult separation, petroleum refinery operations, and carrying out any reaction in which the injection of specific energy types is helpful.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are converted by contacting them at hydrocarbon conversion conditions with an acidic multimetallic catalytic composite comprising a combination of catalytically effective amounts of a platinum group component, a cobalt component, a tin component, a phosphorus component and a halogen component with a porous carrier material. The platinum group, cobalt, tin, phosphorus and halogen components are present in the multimetallic catalyst in amounts respectively, calculated on an elemental basis, corresponding to about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % platinum group metal, about 0.05 to about 5 wt. % cobalt, about 0.01 to about 5 wt. % tin, about 0.01 to about 5 wt. % phosphorus and about 0.1 to about 3.5 wt. % halogen. A specific example of the type of hydrocarbon conversion process disclosed is a process for the catalytic reforming of a low-octane gasoline fraction wherein the gasoline fraction and a hydrogen stream are contacted with the acidic multimetallic catalyst disclosed herein at reforming conditions.

Abstract: There are provided crystalline chromosilicates, their methods of preparation, and process uses. A first crystalline chromosilicate comprises a molecular sieve material providing a specific X-ray diffraction pattern and having the following composition in terms of mole ratios of oxides:0.9.+-.0.2[WR.sub.2 O+(1-W)M.sub.2/n O]:Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 :YSiO.sub.2 :ZH.sub.2 O,wherein R is an alkyl ammonium cation, M is at least one cation having a valence of n, Y is a value within the range of about 4 to about 500, Z is a value within the range of about 0 to about 160, and W is a value that is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1. A second crystalline chromosilicate comprises a molecular sieve material providing a specific X-ray diffraction pattern and having the following composition in terms of mole ratios of oxides:0.9.+-.0.2M.sub.2/n O :Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 :YSiO.sub.2 :ZH.sub.

Abstract: Supported ruthenium metal catalysts prepared by reduction of carbonyl compounds give improved yields of methane in the hydro-cracking of hydrocarbons, especially alkanes and alkyl aromatics. Alkanes may be cracked to methane at low temperature (200.degree.-300.degree. C.) and the de-alkylation of alkyl benzenes may be controlled sufficiently to allow removal of isomers e.g. ethylbenzene from xylenes. The novel catalysts comprise ruthenium clusters having average dimensions below 20 A.

Abstract: A process for the production of methane and ethane from a C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 paraffins hydrocarbon feed stream of higher average carbon number than the product which comprises contacting said feed with certain crystalline silicates at an elevated temperature and a pressure above 10 bar.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for a hydrocarbon conversion process, for example thermal cracking, in which feedstock is converted in a heated furnace, the furnace being heated by burning a mixture of fuel and preheated air. The preheated air is obtained by passing air through successive compression, heating and gas turbine expansion zones, the work thereby obtained from the gas turbine expansion zone being used, at least in part, to compress hydrocarbon process gas produced in the furnace.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are converted by contacting them at hydrocarbon conversion conditions with a novel activated multimetallic catalytic composite comprising a combination of a catalytically effective amount of a pyrolyzed ruthenium carbonyl component with a porous carrier material containing a uniform dispersion of a catalytically effective amount of a platinum group component, which is maintained in the elemental metallic state during the incorporation and pyrolysis of the ruthenium carbonyl component, and of a rhenium component. In a highly preferred embodiment, this novel catalytic composite also contains a catalytically effective amount of a halogen component. The platinum group component, pyrolyzed ruthenium carbonyl component, rhenium component and optional halogen component are preferably present in the multimetallic catalytic composite in amounts, calculated on an elemental basis, corresponding to about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % of the uniformly dispersed platinum group metal, about 0.01 to about 2 wt.

Abstract: A process for hydrotreating (hydroprocessing) hydrocarbons and mixtures of hydrocarbons utilizing a catalytic composite comprising a combination of a nickel component, a molybdenum component and a platinum component with a zeolitic carrier material wherein said platinum component is present in an amount sufficient to result in the composite containing, on an elemental basis, about 0.2 to about 0.5 percent by weight platinum, in which process there is effected a chemical consumption of hydrogen. Hydrocarbon hydroprocesses are hydrocracking, the hydrogenation of aromatic nuclei, the ring-opening of cyclic hydrocarbons, desulfurization, denitrification, hydrogenation, etc.

Abstract: A process for producing hydrocarbons having about 10 to 50 carbon atoms with a high yield by subjecting a synthetic polyisoprene rubber to a thermally destructive distillation under a reduced pressure and further a process for producing squalane-like saturated hydrocarbons by catalytically reducing the distillate thus obtained from the synthetic polyisoprene rubber.

Abstract: A process and a catalyst composition to effect hydrocarbon transformations comprising contacting a hydrocarbon charge with a catalyst comprising a fluorinated graphite having a fluorine to carbon atomic ratio of from about 0.1 to 1 and having bonded thereto from about 5 to 50 percent by weight of the total weight of the catalyst of at least one Lewis acid compound selected from halides of the elements of Group IIA, IIIA, IVB, V or VIB of the Periodic Table. In addition, the catalysts may also have bonded thereto a minor portion of a Bronsted acid and/or a metal of Group IVB or VIII of the Periodic Table.

Abstract: A method of and a catalyst for the conversion of petroleum distillate fractions to high heating value fuel gases suitable for use as town gas or pipeline gas by reacting a petroleum derived feedstock containing paraffins with hydrogen in the presence of a lanthanum-cobalt/Y zeolite catalyst at elevated temperature and pressure.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are converted by contacting them at hydrocarbon conversion conditions with a novel activated multimetallic catalytic composite comprising a combination of a catalytically effective amount of a pyrolyzed ruthenium carbonyl component with a porous carrier material containing a uniform dispersion of a catalytically effective amount of a platinum group component which is maintained in the elemental metallic state. In a highly preferred embodiment, this novel catalytic composite also contains a catalytically effective amount of a halogen component. The platinum group component, pyrolyzed ruthenium carbonyl component and optional halogen component are preferably present in the multimetallic catalytic composite in amounts, calculated on an elemental basis, corresponding to about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % of the uniformly dispersed platinum group metal, about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % of carbonyl-derived ruthenium and about 0.1 to about 3.5 wt. % of halogen.

Abstract: Waxy distillate lubricating oil stocks suitable for the preparation, by conventional unit processes, of high V.I., low pour point lubricating oils, are advantageously catalytically dewaxed with macrocrystalline ZSM-5 (crystallites larger than 2 microns) preferably associated with a hydrogenation metal such as platinum or palladium.

Abstract: Fractionated heavy reformate containing ethyltoluenes and propylbenzenes is selectively hydrodealkylated and transalkylated to produce ethylbenzene-lean xylenes, benzene and C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 paraffins in the presence of a catalyst comprising a tungsten/molybdenum component of WO.sub.3 and MoO.sub.3 and an acidic component of 60 (wt)% of mordenite and 40 (wt)% of catalytically active alumina.

Abstract: A continuous process for the selective production of ethylene by the diacritic cracking of heavy hydrocarbon feeds such as residual oils, heavy vacuum gas oils, atmospheric gas oils, crude oils and coal-derived liquids. The diacritic cracking takes place in a non-tubular multi-zone reactor at elevated pressures (e.g. 70-1000 p.s.i.a.) A fuel is combusted with oxygen in the first section of the multi-zone reactor. The high temperature products of combustion of the first zone pass into a second section of the reactor where the feed is atomized and cracked to yield products including ethylene, acetylene and synthesis gas. The reaction products of the second zone then pass into a third section in which they are quenched. In each stage of the reactor the present process seeks to prevent the build-up of coke deposits on the walls of the reactor. In the first two stages, a film of gas such as CO.sub.2 or N.sub.2 is injected along the inner walls to prevent build-up of coke.

Abstract: Ethane is produced from alkanes by introducing a mixture of hydrogen and alkanes into a reactor at a spatial velocity V and a total pressure P on a catalyst at the temperature T. The catalyst is constituted by at least one metal selected from iridium and rhodium incorporated in a support of inert refractory oxide in which SO.sub.4.sup.-- sulphate ions are not present.

Abstract: A method of preparing benzene and xylenes from catalysates of reforming of gasoline fractions comprising a mixture of aromatic C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 hydrocarbons and non-aromatic hydrocarbons which involves separation of a low-boiling fraction boiling out at a temperature of 90.degree.-108.degree. C. from a reforming catalysate by rectification. The remaining high-boiling fraction is processed in the presence of a hydrogen-containing gas at a temperature within the range of from 450.degree. to 600.degree. C. under a pressure of from 10 to 60 atm on a catalyst. The catalyst consists of 1 to 85% by weight of H-mordenite, 0.1 to 10% by weight of a hydrogenating component as which use might be made of oxides of metals of Group VI of the periodic system, sulphides of these metals, metals of Group VIII of the periodic system, sulphides thereof; the balance being a binder.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are converted by contacting them at hydrocarbon conversion conditions with a novel attenuated superative multimetallic catalytic composite comprising a combination of a catalytically effective amount of a pyrolyzed rhenium carbonyl component with a porous carrier material containing a uniform dispersion of catalytically effective amounts of a platinum group component, which is maintained in the elemental metallic state, and of a tantalum component. In a highly preferred embodiment, this novel catalytic composite also contains a catalytically effective amount of a halogen component. The platinum group component, pyrolyzed rhenium carbonyl component, tantalum component and optional halogen component are preferably present in the multimetallic catalytic composite in amounts, calculated on an elemental basis, corresponding to about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % platinum group metal, about 0.01 to about 5 wt. % rhenium, about 0.01 to about 5 % tantalum and about 0.1 to about 3.5 wt. % halogen.

Abstract: This invention concerns a process for the selective hydrogenolysis of light gasoline stocks.The process consists in treating light gasoline stocks, mixtures of n- and iso-paraffins containing from 5 to 7 carbon atoms, under hydrogenolysing conditions (temperature 150.degree. to 450.degree. C., pressure 1 to 80 bars, molar ratio of hydrogen to hydrocarbon comprised between 2 and 20), in the presence of a catalyst comprising iridium and another metal belonging to Column VIII of the Periodic Table, on a porous refractory oxide support, in order to obtain an ethane rich gaseous fraction and a liquid fraction consisting of a high octane gasoline.

Abstract: Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites are used as catalysts for various hydrocarbon conversion processes and are particularly useful for conversion of paraffins in the presence of an alkylatable aromatic hydrocarbon such as benzene.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are converted by contacting them at hydrocarbon conversion conditions with a novel activated multimetallic catalytic composite comprising a combination of a catalytically effective amount of a pyrolyzed rhodium carbonyl component with a porous carrier material containing a uniform dispersion of a catalytically effective amount of a platinum group component which is maintained in the elemental metallic state. In a highly preferred embodiment, this novel catalytic composite also contains a catalytically effective amount of a halogen component. The platinum group component, pyrolyzed rhodium carbonyl component and optional halogen component are preferably present in the multimetallic catalytic composite in amounts, calculated on an elemental basis, corresponding to about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % of the uniformly dispersed platinum group metal, about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % of carbonyl-derived rhodium and about 0.1 to about 3.5 wt. % of halogen.