Abstract: Catalytic processes have been developed for reductive conversion of alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, ethers, amines, thiols, phosphines and aldols to hydrocarbons using methane, natural gas or other gaseous hydrocarbons. Aliphatic hydrocarbons including propane, nonanes, tridecanes, gasoline, diesel fuel, oils, solvents and other organic compounds can be formed by this catalytic process. The catalysts are based on di-metal, tri-metal and/or poly-metal backbone or molecular string type compounds of transition metals, comprising titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, rhenium, osmium, iridium, platinum, gold and combinations thereof in conjunction with a non-fluoride magnesium halide.

Abstract: A process for preparing beads of various compositions has been developed. The process involves preparing a reaction mixture of sources of framework elements of a molecular sieve. The reaction mixture can optionally contain molecular sieve seeds. Additional sources of the framework elements are added to give a concentration above the critical supersaturation limit thereby forming beads. Depending on the composition of the reaction mixture and the reaction conditions one can obtain beads which are substantially amorphous, to beads that are substantially crystalline molecular sieve. These beads in turn can be further processed to deposit a molecular sieve layer onto the beads.

Abstract: A catalyst and process for opening aliphatic cyclic hydrocarbons have been developed. The catalyst comprises a catalytic metal component, a molecular sieve and refractory inorganic oxide component. The molecular sieve is selected from the group consisting of MAPSOs, SAPOs, UZM-8, UZM-8HS, UZM-15, UZM-15HS, UZM-16, UZM-16HS and mixtures thereof. Preferred catalytic metals include platinum, palladium and rhodium. The catalyst may also contain a modifier such as niobium, titanium, or rare earth metals.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for converting heavy hydrocarbonaceous feedstocks carried out in a slurry reactor in the presence of hydrogen and in the presence of a catalytic composition obtained by: injecting a catalytic precursor of at least one metal of Group VIB and/or Group VIII in at least part of the feedstock to be treated in the absence of an oxide substrate, thermal treatment at a temperature of 400° C.

Abstract: A catalyst for opening naphthenic rings has been developed. The catalyst comprises ruthenium and platinum as the active catalytic metals and a modifier with cerium being a preferred modifier. At least 50% of the platinum and ruthenium components are present as particles wherein more ruthenium is present on the surface of the particles than in the center. All of these components are dispersed on a metal oxide support such as aluminas. A ring opening process using the catalyst is also described.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon or oxygenate conversion process in which a feedstock is contacted with a non zeolitic molecular sieve which has been treated to remove most, if not all, of the halogen contained in the catalyst. The halogen may be removed by one of several methods. One method includes heating the catalyst in a low moisture environment, followed by contacting the heated catalyst with air and/or steam. Another method includes steam-treating the catalyst at a temperature from 400° C. to 1000° C. The hydrocarbon or oxygenate conversion processes include the conversion of oxygenates to olefins, the conversion of oxygenates and ammonia to alkylamines, the conversion of oxygenates and aromatic compounds to alkylated aromatic compounds, cracking and dewaxing.

Abstract: Dewaxed fuel and lubricant base stocks are made by (a) producing a synthesis gas from natural gas, (b) reacting the H2 and CO in the gas in the presence of a cobalt Fischer-Tropsch catalyst, at reaction conditions effective to synthesize a waxy hydrocarbon feed boiling in the fuel and lubricant oil ranges, which is hydrodewaxed in a first stage to produce a dewaxed fuel and a partially dewaxed lubricant fraction. The partially dewaxed lubricant fraction is separated into heavy and lower boiling fractions each of which is separately hydrodewaxed, to produce lubricant base stocks. A hydrodewaxing catalyst comprising a hydrogenation component, binder and solid acid component used to hydrodewax at least one, and preferably at least two of the waxy feed and partially dewaxed heavy and lower boiling lubricant fractions.

Abstract: A process for producing a high RON naphtha which comprises contacting a hydrocarbon feed stream comprising a mixture of the isomers of C5 and C6 paraffins with a CFI zeolite, such as CIT-5, in an adsorption zone, whereby the branched isomers of the C5 and C6 paraffins are preferentially adsorbed by the CFI zeolite as compared to the straight chain isomers, and recovering a naphtha product from the adsorption zone having a higher RON than the hydrocarbon feed stream, also including a hydroisomerization process and a hydrocracking process.

Abstract: A process for producing a high RON naphtha which comprises contacting a hydrocarbon feed stream comprising a mixture of the isomers of C5 and C6 paraffins with ATS zeolite, such as SSZ-55, in an adsorption zone, whereby the branched isomers of the C5 and C6 paraffins are preferentially adsorbed by the ATS zeolite as compared to the straight chain isomers, and recovering a naphtha product from the adsorption zone having a higher RON than the hydrocarbon feed stream, also including a hydroisomerization process and a hydrocracking process.

Abstract: Method for producing hydrogen and a hydroprocessed product from a hydrocarbonaceous feedstock by subjecting it to a catalytic hydrocracking treatment using hydrogen which has been at least partly produced from hydrocracked feedstock and subjecting at least pan of the hydrocracked feedstock, after having subjected it to a separation treatment in the event that hydroprocessed product is to be recovered, to a treatment to produce hydrogen in a single operation which hydrogen is at least partly recovered as product.

Abstract: A catalyst for the selective oxidation of hydrogen has been developed. It comprises an inert core such as cordierite and an outer layer comprising a lithium aluminate support. The support has dispersed thereon a platinum group metal and a promoter metal, e.g. platinum and tin respectively. This catalyst is particularly effective in the selective oxidation of hydrogen in a dehydrogenation process.

Abstract: A process for producing olefins and diolefins. A flow of gas is compressed with a prime mover in a near adiabatic path. Resistance to the flow within the adiabatic path causes a temperature rise with respect to its pressure, where it enters a near adiabatic tunnel. At least one other gas is provided into the tunnel at a prescribed, independently controlled temperature and pressure. The compressed flow is comingled and mixed with at least one other gas. Hydrogen and oxygen are fed into the tunnel to produce steam. Steam is applied to at least one hydrocarbon for pyrolysis or thermal cracking to yield at least one of olefins and diolefins.

Abstract: A process for synthesis of lower isoparaffins from synthesis gas that is a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, wherein straight chain hydrocarbons are synthesized while isoparaffins and isoolefins are also produced through decomposition of hydrocarbons having a higher carbon number by use of a solid acid catalyst in the first stage, and isoparaffins are synthesized in the second stage. The straight chain hydrocarbons are produced by contacting the synthesis gas with a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst that is mixed with a solid acid catalyst for mainly hydrocracking long chain hydrocarbons. The isoparaffins are produced by contacting the straight chain hydrocarbons synthesized in the first stage, with a mixture of a hydrogenation catalyst for hydrogenating olefins and a solid acid catalyst for hydrocracking and isomerizing the straight chain hydrocarbons.

Abstract: An integrated process for producing a liquid hydrocarbon stream from Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbon product without having to remove particulate contaminants such as catalyst fines from hot Fischer-Tropsch wax is disclosed. The process involves performing Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, preferably under conditions which favor formation of wax and heavy products (i.e., using a catalyst with high chain growth probabilities), and obtaining a waxy heavy fraction including particulate contaminants. The fraction is subjected to hydroprocessing conditions, preferably upflow hydroprocessing conditions, using a catalyst bed which, through judicious selection of hydroprocessing catalysts and/or flow conditions, permits passage of the particulate contaminants. The particulates are then removed from the upgraded liquid product, for example by filtration, distillation and/or centrifugation.

Abstract: An independent and conserved source of fuel and/or power comprises a top stage rocket engine firing up to 5000 F. at very high pressures, delivering jet flows up to transonic velocities into a near adiabatic tunnel for mixing in general and/or for transforming reactants introduced to suit specific objectives. The related compression is supplied by an independent prime mover which compresses its exhaust and other recoverable fluids. Low grade flows, thereby upgraded in temperature and pressure, are adiabatically contained, are further upgraded in the tunnel to become part of the prescribed fuel for export at the tunnel ends; or fuel to be fired in a prime mover for electric or other power, or hydrogen for chemical use. Expansion turbines for this purpose are relieved of the load used to compress the excess air in standard gas turbines thus increasing export power. A portion of the expansion turbine's exhaust becomes part of recoverable fluids.

Abstract: A method for producing a cyclopentane product which comprises the following steps: (a) cracking dicyclopentadiene to form a cyclopentadiene-rich stream and a higher boiling liquids stream; (b) separating the cyclopentadiene-rich stream from the higher boiling liquids stream; (c) diluting the cyclopentadiene-rich stream with recycled saturates such that the cyclopentadiene content is limited to between about 5-50%; (d) conducting a first hydrogenation of the cyclopentadiene-rich stream in the presence of hydrogen and a first catalyst, and at a temperature (i.e., preferably between about 26 to 94° C., more preferably in the range between about 37 to 66° C.

Abstract: A method and reactor system for catalytic hydrotreating and hydrocracking liquid hydrocarbon feedstock for producing a cracked liquid feedstock having a reduced contaminant level involves introducing the feedstock into the first reaction zone of a reactor system having a plurality of successive reaction zones, each reaction zone having a hydroprocessing catalyst bed therein, at least the first reaction zone comprising a hydrotreating reaction zone and at least one downstream reaction zone comprising a hydrocracking reaction zone, introducing hydrogen gas into the reactor system for flow through and over the catalyst beds in contact with the liquid in the reaction zones, the hydrogen exothermically reacting with the liquid in the reaction zones for producing an effluent for each reaction zone having a temperature greater than the temperature of the influent feedstock to that reaction zone, introducing liquid feedstock having the same composition as the liquid feedstock introduced into the first reaction zone i

Abstract: A process for synthesis of lower isoparaffins from synthesis gas that is a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, wherein straight chain hydrocarbons are synthesized while isoparaffins and isoolefins are also produced through decomposition of hydrocarbons having a higher carbon number by use of a solid acid catalyst in the first stage, and isoparaffins are synthesized in the second stage. The straight chain hydrocarbons are produced by contacting the synthesis gas with a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst that is mixed with a solid acid catalyst for mainly hydrocracking long chain hydrocarbons. The isoparaffins are produced by contacting the straight chain hydrocarbons synthesized in the first stage, with a mixture of a hydrogenation catalyst for hydrogenating olefins and a solid acid catalyst for hydrocracking and isomerizing the straight chain hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A process for producing a diesel fuel having at least 70% C10+paraffins, wherein the iso-paraffin to normal paraffin mole ratio is 5:1 and higher. This diesel fuel is produced by from a feed containing at least 40% C10+normal paraffins and at least 20% C26+normal paraffins. It is produced by contacting that feed in an isomerization/cracking reaction zone a feed with a catalyst comprising a SAPO-11 and platinum in the presence of hydrogen (hydrogen:feed ratio of from 1,000 to 10,000 SCFB) at a temperature of from 340° C. to 420° C., a pressure of from 100 psig to 600 psig, and a liquid hourly space velocity of from 0.1 hr−1 to 1.0 hr−1.

Abstract: A method of cracking a feedstock by contacting the feedstock with a metal-promoted anion-modified metal oxide catalyst in the presence of hydrogen gas. The metal oxide of the catalyst is one or more of ZrO2, HfO2, TiO2 and SnO2, and the feedstock is principally chains of at least 20 carbon atoms. The metal-promoted anion-modified metal oxide catalyst contains one or more of Pt, Ni, Pd, Rh, Ir, Ru, (Mn & Fe) or mixtures of them present between about 0.2% to about 15% by weight of the catalyst. The metal-promoted anion-modified metal oxide catalyst contains one or more of SO4, WO3, or mixtures of them present between about 0.5% to about 20% by weight of the catalyst.

Abstract: There is provided a catalyst that is highly resistant to sulfur and nitrogen compounds and active for hydrogenation and shows a low hydrocracking rate and a long service life as well as a method of converting aromatic hydrocarbons in hydrocarbon oil containing sulfur and nitrogen compounds into saturated hydrocarbons by using such a catalyst. A method of hydrogenating aromatic hydrocarbons in hydrocarbon oil containing 80 wt % or more of a fraction having a boiling point of 170 to 390° C. and said aromatic hydrocarbons is characterized in that the hydrocarbon oil is brought into contact with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst containing clay minerals having principal ingredients of Si and Mg as carrier and at least one of the VIII-group metals of periodic table as active metal.

Abstract: A Fischer-Tropsch process is provided for synthesizing hydrocarbons, involving multiple Fischer-Tropsch reactor stages (110) arranged in series, and characterized by very low carbon monoxide conversion per Fischer-Tropsch reactor stage (110) and intermediate removal of water between reactor stages (110). In one embodiment, the system utilizes an iron-based catalyst and balances the molar H.sub.2 /CO feed ratio in the synthesis gas (108) with the overall H.sub.2 /CO consumption ratio across all of the Fischer-Tropsch reactor stages (110). In a preferred embodiment, carbon dioxide is recycled from the last in series of the Fischer-Tropsch reactor stages (110) to the synthesis gas generator (106). The system may advantageously utilize a gaseous hydrocarbon feed (102), such as obtained from natural gas, as feed for producing the synthesis gas (108).

Abstract: A furnace is provided having at least two regenerator beds for heat recovery. While a first bed is being heated by hot flue gases produced by combusting a fuel and an oxidant in the furnace, a second bed, heated during a previous cycle, is cooled through carrying out an endothermic chemical reaction therein, for example the reforming reaction of a hydrocarbon with water vapor and carbon dioxide and/or the dissociation of a hydrocarbon. Once the second bed is cooled by the endothermic reaction, the hot flue gases are redirected to it while the first bed, now hot, is used for carrying out the endothermic chemical reaction. Thereafter the cycle is repeated.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for improving the pour point of a feed comprising paraffins containing more than 10 carbon atoms, in which process the feed to be treated is brought into contact with a catalyst comprising an NU-87 zeolite comprising silicon and at least one clement T selected from the group formed by Al, Fe, Ga and B, from which at least a portion of clement T has been removed, and having a global Si/T ratio of over 20, the catalyst also containing at least one hydro-dehydrogenating element. The process is carried out at a temperature which is in the range 170.degree. C. to 500.degree. C., a pressure in the range 1 to 250 bar and at an hourly space velocity in the range 0.05 to 100 h.sup.-1, in the presence of hydrogen in a proportion of 50 to 2000 l/l of feed. The oils obtained have good pour points and high viscosity indices (VI). The process is also applicable to gas oils and other feeds requiring a reduction of pour point. The catalyst is also claimed.

Abstract: A method for converting a hydrocarbonaceous feedstock to a lower boiling temperature product is described which comprises suspending metal sulfide particles and oxide particles in a reaction zone including hydrogen and the hydrocarbonaceous feedstock at hydrocracking conditions. The metal sulfide particles and the oxide particles are introduced into the reaction zone through particle precursor fluids which precipitate upon heating to form the particles. The metal sulfide particles contain sulfidable transition metals. The oxide particles contain oxidisable elements such as magnesium, aluminum, silicon, phosphorous, calcium, scandium, titanium, gallium, germanium, zirconium, cerium, and mixtures thereof and are not hydrogenation catalysts under the reactor conditions. The oxide particles resist being chemically reduced by reducing agents in the reaction zone. Surprisingly, the presence of the oxide particles is associated with a significant reduction of coke production in the reaction zone.

Abstract: Process of producing power comprising:providing a turbine adapted to generate shaft work, said turbine having a combustor; and a rocket engine having a nozzle and a compressor means;feeding fuel and oxidant to the rocket engine and the rocket engine compressor means;feeding carbonaceous matter and steam into the rocket engine nozzle;processing the output of the rocket engine nozzle into fuel for the turbine;introducing said fuel and oxidant for the turbine to the turbine combustor; andrecycling a substantial portion of the hot exhaust from the turbine to the rocket engine compressor means; andcontrolling the inlet temperature to the turbine.Apparatus for producing power comprising a rocket engine and a turbine adapted to generate shaft work is also disclosed.

Abstract: Economies in capital cost and operation of a hydrocarbon refining unit for desulfurization of diesel fuel are provided by a heat exchange sequence which eliminates the need for a fired heater on the product fractionation zone. The feed to the fractionation zone is heat exchanged twice against both the effluent bottoms stream of the fractionation zone and the reaction zone effluent stream.

Abstract: The present invention provides a catalyst composition, and a hydrocarbon conversion process in which it is used, comprising as first cracking component a zeolite beta having a silica to alumina molar ratio of at least 20 which is in the form of crystals less than 100 nm in size; a second cracking component selected from (i) crystalline molecular sieves having pores with diameters greater than 0.6 nm, (ii) crystalline, mesoporous aluminosilicates having pores with diameters of at least 1.3 nm, and (iii) clays; and at least one hydrogenation component.

Abstract: Discloses high purity solvent compositions constituted of n-paraffins and isoparaffins, with the isoparaffins containing predominantly methyl branches, and having an isoparaffin:n-paraffin ratio sufficient to provide superior low temperature properties and low viscosities. The solvent compositions are made by a process wherein a waxy, or long chain paraffinic feed, especially a Fischer-Tropsch wax, is reacted over a dual function catalyst to produce hydroisomerization and hydrocracking reactions at 700.degree. F.+ conversion levels ranging from about 20 to 90 wt. % to provide a C.sub.5 -1050.degree. F. crude fraction. The C.sub.5 -1050.degree. F. crude fraction is then topped via atmospheric distillation to produce a low boiling fraction with an upper end point boiling between about 650.degree. F. and 750.degree. F. The low boiling fraction is fractionated and a narrow boiling range solvent obtained therefrom; one which can be further divided into solvent grades of various boiling ranges.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a zeolite catalyst, a process for using the catalyst for conversion of hydrocarbons, especially naphtha and LPG feedstock, and a process for preparing the catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing one or more chemical products in which a chemical reaction is performed by causing one or more reagents to flow along the inside of a tube disposed in a radiation zone of a furnace. In the method, at least a portion of the tube is caused to vibrate so as to limit the deposition of reaction by-products on the inside wall of the tube. More particularly, the tube can be vibrated at a frequency lying in the range 50 Hz to 2000 Hz. The invention also provides apparatus for performing the method of the invention, which apparatus comprises a furnace including a radiation thermal enclosure through which at least one tube passes, which tube is provided with at least one excitation means suitable for generating tube vibration.

Abstract: The wax-containing hydrocarbon feedstocks are pre-treated by contacting them with a homogeneous solution containing 1-5 vol. % of an acid diluted in an alcohol/water mixture (preferably containing 60-90 vol. % alcohol). The pre-treated feedstock is then contacted, in the presence of hydrogen, with at least two catalysts in sequence and with no intermediate separation, comprising at least one hydrodewaxing catalyst and one hydrocracking catalyst, to recover high-grade middle distillates.

Abstract: The present invention is a method for depolymerizing or "cracking" polymeric materials. The method of the present invention may be used in the disposal and/or recycling of such materials. Products of the degradation of polymeric materials using the present method may be recycled or more easily treated for disposal. The present invention is a process for degrading, depolymerizing or "cracking" a polymeric material, otherwise amenable to cracking by alkali fusion, comprising the steps of:(a) preparing a molten reaction mixture comprising:(i) a basic material;(ii) a source of copper; and(iii) said polymeric material; and(b) maintaining said molten mixture at a temperature sufficient to reflux said molten mixture for sufficient time to depolymerize said polymeric material.

Abstract: A crystalline zeolite high-silica SSZ-37 is prepared using a N,N-dimethyl-4-azoniatricyclo [5.2.2.0.sup.(2,6) ] undec-8-ene cation as a template wherein said zeolite is used in hydrocarbon conversion processes.

Abstract: A molecular sieve catalyst is composited with an inert binder derived from an organic silicon source and organic polymer. The catalyst is used in dewaxing of petroleum chargestocks.

Abstract: This invention relates to use of synthetic layered material MCM-56 as a sorbent and as a catalyst component in catalytic conversion of organic compounds. Examples of sorbent use include rapid sorption of hydrocarbons and separating at least one hydrocarbon component from a mixture of hydrocarbon components having differential sorption characteristics with respect to MCM-56. Examples of catalytic use include acid catalyzed reactions, such as cracking, aromatic compound alkylation, and isoalkane alkylation.

Abstract: A process combination is disclosed to selectively upgrade naphtha to obtain products suitable for further upgrading to reformulated fuels. A naphtha feedstock is hydrogenated to saturate aromatics, followed by selective isoparaffin synthesis to yield light and heavy naphtha and isobutane; isobutane and isopentane in the product are obtained in superequilibrium concentrations. The heavy naphtha may be processed by reforming, light naphtha may be isomerized, and isobutane may be upgraded by dehydrogenation, etherification and/or alkylation to yield gasoline components from the process combination suitable for production of reformulated gasoline.

Abstract: There is provided a catalyst comprising a heteropoly acid, such as phosphotungstic acid, supported on a mesoporous crystalline material, such as M41S. A particular form of this M41S support is designated as MCM-41. There is also provided a method for preparing this catalyst by impregnating the heteropoly acid on the support. There is also provided a process for using this catalyst to catalyze acid catalyzed reactions, such as the isomerization of paraffins and the alkylation of aromatics.

Abstract: C.sub.4 -C.sub.15 alkanes (preferably C.sub.4 -C.sub.8 alkanes) are disproportionated in the presence of at least one alkylaluminum chloride (preferably isobutylaluminum dichloride), at least one chloroalkane (preferably carbon tetrachloride), and at least one solid material (selected from a group comprising alumina, silica, aluminosilicates, various other aluminum compounds, various boron compounds, and sulfonated styrene polymers).

Abstract: A hydrocarbon fraction, preferably in the kerosene boiling range containing a substantial proportion of C.sub.9 + hydrocarbons is contacted with an n-paraffin fraction, such as n-pentane, over a catalyst of acidic functionality, such as Pd/zeolite beta, under conditions of hydrocracking sufficient to convert the feed to lower boiling range materials of high octane number. The n-paraffin cofeed promotes isomerization and suppresses production of n-paraffins.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for separating conjunct polymers which are formed as byproducts of acid catalyzed isoparaffin-olefin alkylation and sulfolane from a mixture containing conjunct polymers, sulfolane, and hydrofluoric acid, which method provides a sulfolane recycle stream which requires no further drying before charging the stream to the alkylation reaction zone.

Abstract: There is provided a process for ring opening of aromatics and cycloaliphatics, as well as isomerization of aliphatics. The feedstream to this process comprises hydrocarbons having 6 carbon atoms. The process involves the use of at least two reactors connected in series. The first reactor comprises a zeolite catalyst and is operated under conditions which particularly promote ring opening. The catalyst in this first reactor may comprise zeolite Beta and platinum. A downstream reactor is operated under conditions to promote isomerization of aliphatics. The catalyst in the second reactor may comprise alumina, platinum and a chloride component. Hydrogen in the effluent of the first reactor may be removed and recycled to the first reactor. Hydrogen required for the second reactor may be satisfied by hydrogen remaining dissolved in the effluent from the first reactor after hydrogen is recycled to the first reactor.

Abstract: There is provided a vacancy titanate intercalated with a cationic hydroxy aluminum complex, such as a Keggin ion. A method for making this material and a process for using this material as a catalyst are also provided.

Abstract: There is provided a process for converting organic compounds using a catalyst comprising a pillared, layered crystalline oxide material. This material may be prepared by intercepting a swellable layered oxide before calcination. The intercepted material is swollen and pillared. If the material is not intercepted in this manner, it is transformed into a zeolite by calcination. The pillared material may have a large degree of catalytic activity, and it may have rather porous layers.

Abstract: There is provided a process for converting organic compounds using a catalyst comprising a pillared, layered crystalline oxide material with a characteristic X-ray diffraction pattern. This layered material is designated MCM-39. This layered material may be swollen, and the swollen material may be pillared.

Abstract: The present invention is a method for depolymerizing or "cracking" polymeric materials. The method of the present invention may be used in the disposal and/or recycling of such materials. Products of the degradation of polymeric materials using the present method may be recycled or more easily treated for disposal.The present invention is a process for degrading, depolymerizing or "cracking" a polymeric material, otherwise amenable to cracking by alkali fusion, comprising the steps of:(a) preparing a molten reaction mixture comprising:(i) a basic material;(ii) a source of copper; and(iii) said polymeric material; and(b) maintaining said molten mixture at a temperature sufficient to reflux said molten mixture for sufficient time to depolymerize said polymeric material.

Abstract: A process for the production of isoparaffins having 4 to 7 carbon atoms per molecule from synthesis gas comprising the following steps:a) Synthesis of a heavy paraffins-containing hydrocarbon mixture over a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst;b) Conversion of at least part of the heavy paraffins-containing hydrocarbon mixture over a bi-functional isomerization/hydrocracking catalyst under isomerization/hydrocracking conditions;c) Separation of normal paraffins from at least part of the isoparaffins-containing product of step (b);d) Recycling at least part of the normal paraffins to step (b) and withdrawing C.sub.4 -C.sub.7 isoparaffins as a product from the process.

Abstract: A process for producing high quality lubricants by the hydrocracking and hydroisomerization of petroleum waxes uses a catalyst which is based on an ultra-large pore crystalline material. The crystalline material exhibits unusually large pores of at least 13 .ANG. diameter and a high sorption capacity demonstrated by its benzene adsorption capacity of greater than about 15 grams benzene/100 grams at 50 torr and 25.degree. C. The crystalline material is characterized by an X-ray diffraction pattern with at least one d-spacing greater than about 18 .ANG. and in a particularly preferred form, a hexagonal arrangement of pores of at least 13 .ANG. diameter which can be indexed with a d.sub.100 value greater than about 18 .ANG.. The hydrocracking catalysts based on these materials are capable of producing lube products with a high VI of at least 120 and usually higher, values of 135 and higher e.g. 143.

Abstract: An improvement in iso-olefin hydration is obtained in an integrated process combining a fluidized catalytic cracking reaction and a fluidized catalyst hydration reaction wherein zeolite catalyst particles are withdrawn in partially deactivated form from the alkanol reaction stage and added as part of the catalyst in the FCC reaction.

Abstract: This invention relates to molecular sieve compositions and processes for using the molecular sieves. The molecular sieves have a three-dimensional microporous crystalline framework structure of tetrahedral oxide units of AlO.sub.2, SiO.sub.2, TiO.sub.2 and/or FeO.sub.2. These molecular sieves can be prepared by contacting a starting zeolite with a solution or slurry of a fluoro salt of titanium and/or iron under effective process conditions to extract aluminum from the zeolite framework and substitute titanium and/or iron. The molecular sieves can be used as catalysts in hydrocarbon conversion processes and other processes.