Abstract: A method for isolation and quantification of naphthenate forming acids (ARN-acids) in crude oils is disclosed. The method involves selective absorbtion/adsorption of ARN acids by a solid medium. Isolation of the solid medium and transferring the ARN acids to an organic solvent which can by analysed for its ARN acid content.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the separation of at least one unbranched C4-C2O hydrocarbon from a fluid mixture containing the unbranched hydrocarbon and at least one branched isomer of the unbranched hydrocarbon, which comprises the step of—contacting the fluid mixture with an adsorbent comprising a porous metal organic framework material, which material comprises at least one at least bidentate organic compound coordinately bound to at least one metal ion, to get the unbranched hydrocarbon adsorbed, wherein the at least one at least bidentate organic compound is a monocyclic, bicyclic or polycyclic ring system which is derived from at least one heterocycle selected from the group consisting of pyrrole, alpha-pyridone and gamma-pyridone and has at least two ring nitrogens and is unsubstituted or bears one or more substituents selected independently from the group consisting of halogen, Ci-6-alkyl, phenyl, NH2, NH(d-6-alkyl), N(C1-6-alkyl)2, OH, Ophenyl and OCi-6-alkyl, where the substituents

Abstract: A process for the production of para-xylene by simulated counter-current adsorption with high flexibility with respect to a reference run (100%) uses 2 adsorbers each with 12 beds, said adsorbers being able to be connected in accordance with 3 different modes; the flexibility obtained is 50% to 150%.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the activation of a copper, zinc and zirconium oxide-comprising adsorption composition for the adsorptive removal of carbon monoxide from substance streams comprising carbon monoxide and at least one olefin wherein (i) in a first activation step an activation gas mixture comprising the olefin and an inert gas is passed through the adsorption composition, and (ii) in a second activation step the adsorption composition is heated to a temperature in the range from 180 to 300° C. and an inert gas is passed through it, wherein the steps (i) and (ii) can each be performed several times.

Abstract: Adsorbents and methods for the adsorptive separation of para-xylene from a mixture containing at least one other C8 aromatic hydrocarbon (e.g., a mixture of ortho-xylene, meta-xylene, para-xylene, and ethylbenzene) are described. Suitable adsorbents comprise zeolite X having an average crystallite size of less than 1.8 microns. The adsorbents provide improved mass transfer, which is especially advantageous for improving productivity in low temperature, low cycle time adsorptive separation operations in a simulated moving bed mode.

Abstract: The present invention describes a n-butane absorption process for purifying the ethylene product from an ethane oxidation process. The ethane oxidation product is fed to a series of absorption towers using a n-butane solvent that remove the inert components as well as purifying the ethylene from the product. A first absorption tower uses n-butane as a solvent to absorb both the ethane and ethylene, allowing for inert gasses to be removed from the stream. An ethylene-rich side stream from this tower is sent to an ethylene purification tower where ethylene is purified using n-butane solvent. The bottom stream from the first absorption tower is then sent to an intermediate ethylene recovery tower where crude ethylene is purified, and the overhead ethylene stream being sent to the ethylene purification tower.

Abstract: A natural gas liquids (NGL) recovery system and method for separating NGLs from a feed gas is provided. The method includes receiving the feed gas; increasing a pressure of the feed gas by running the feed gas through a compressor connected to a gas turbine; diverting part of the feed gas from an output of the compressor and feeding the diverted part to a dryer; drying the diverted part to remove water and produce a dry gas; expanding the dry gas in a turbo-expander; separating the expanded gas into the NGL and fuel gas; and providing the fuel gas to the gas turbine as fuel without contamination.

Abstract: A process to reduce flush circulation rates in an adsorption separation system is presented. The flush stream is used to improve the capacity of the simulated moving bed system by flushing the contents of the transfer lines containing raffinate material back into the adsorbent column. The flush stream is a material that is used to flush the head chambers in the column, or from the rotary valve flush dome sealant.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for removing at least one component selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen oxides, acetylenes and dienes from a gas mixture comprising the at least one component and also hydrogen, one or more olefins which are not dienes and possibly further gas constituents, in which the gas mixture is brought into contact with a catalyst in a reaction zone, wherein the catalyst comprises copper(I) sulfide.

Abstract: A process of producing PX comprising providing a C8+ feedstock, the C8+ feedstock has C8 hydrocarbons and C9+ hydrocarbons, to a crystallization unit under crystallization conditions to produce a PX enriched stream having a PX concentration of at least 99.5 wt % based on the weight of the PX enriched stream, wherein the C8+ feedstock has a PX concentration of at least 70 wt % based on total weight of xylenes in the C8+ feedstock, which the C8+ feedstock having a C9+ hydrocarbons concentration in a range from 1 wppm to 10 wt % based on the total weight of the C8+ feedstock.

Abstract: A process for separating a product from a multicomponent feedstream to an adsorption apparatus or system is described. The apparatus or system may comprise a moving-bed or a simulated moving-bed adsorption means. The product comprises at least one organic compound, such as an aryl compound with alkyl substitutes. In embodiments the conduits used to supply the feedstream to the apparatus or system are flushed with media of multiple grades. The improvement is a more efficient use of the desorbent. In embodiments the process achieves improvements in one or more of efficiency of adsorption separation, capacity of adsorption apparatus systems, and purity of product attainable by adsorption process.

Abstract: A process for separating a product from a multicomponent feedstream to an adsorption apparatus or system is described. The apparatus or system may comprise a moving-bed or a simulated moving-bed adsorption means. The product comprises at least one organic compound, such as an aryl compound with alkyl substitutes. In embodiments the conduits used to supply the feedstream to the apparatus or system are flushed with media of multiple grades. The improvement is more efficient use of the desorbent. In embodiments the process achieves improvements in one or more of efficiency of adsorption separation, capacity of adsorption apparatus systems, and purity of product attainable by adsorption process.

Abstract: A purification process has been developed that allows the removal of several different impurities from unsaturated hydrocarbons. The purification process uses various adsorbents and metal oxides or getters to accomplish the purification. The process is capable of removing the following impurities: SO2, H2O, O2, CO2 and CO.

Abstract: ETS-10 titanosilicate materials selectively adsorb carbon dioxide from gaseous mixtures containing carbon dioxide and light paraffins such as methane and ethane.

Abstract: Chemically combined chlorides are removed from intermediate and product streams of a hydrocarbon reforming process by contacting the streams with zeolite 13X, having a Si/Al ratio of less than 1.25.

Abstract: Processes suitable for purifying aromatic-containing feed streams, and processes using such purified streams are described, wherein the purification processes comprise: (a) providing a process feedstream comprising an aromatic component; and (b) bringing the process feedstream into contact with a first zeolite and a second zeolite; wherein the first zeolite has a mean pore size of 0.3 to 0.5 nm, and wherein the second zeolite has a mean pore size of 0.6 to 0.8 nm.

Abstract: The present invention provides an integrated process for producing aromatic hydrocarbons and/or C4+ non-aromatic hydrocarbons from low molecular weight alkanes, which includes contacting the low molecular weight alkanes with a halogen and coupling the monohaloalkanes to form aromatic hydrocarbons and/or C4+ non-aromatic hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A process for the industrial isolation of propene from a gas stream comprising at least propene and propane, which involves contacting of the gas stream with an adsorbent having a porous metal organic framework having at least one at least bidentate organic compound coordinated to at least one metal ion, with the adsorbent becoming laden with propane and the gas stream therefore having an increased proportion of propene, wherein the W least bidentate organic compound is an imidazolate which is unsubstituted or has one or more substituents selected independently from of halogen, C1-6-alkyl, phenyl, NH2, NH(C1-6-alkyl), N(C1-6-alkyl)2, OH, O-phenyl and O—C1-6-alkyl.

Abstract: The removal of fluoroalkanes from fluoroalkane-containing hydrocarbon streams, preferably C3 to C5 hydrocarbon streams. The fluoroalkane-containing hydrocarbon stream is contacted with an adsorbent containing a strong acid function, preferably a silica gel or a strong cation ion-exchange resin having sulfonic acid functionality.

Abstract: Processes for maximizing high-value aromatics production utilizing stabilized crude benzene withdrawal are provided. Aromatic reactor effluent comprising a C5? fraction and a C6 to C10 fraction is separated into a benzene-rich stream and liquid and vapor streams depleted in benzene, one of the liquid streams depleted in benzene being a benzene-depleted C6? fraction. At least a portion of the C5? fraction from the benzene-rich stream is removed.

Abstract: A process for separating para-xylene from aromatic compounds is presented. The process introduces throughout a first step-time interval a first mixed xylem stream into a first feed input on a first adsorptive separation unit comprising multiple bed lines. The process further introduces throughout the first step-time interval a second mixed xylene stream into a second feed input on the first adsorptive separation unit. During a first portion of the first step-time interval, the process introduces material from a feed stream used during the first step-time interval into a bed line not used to deliver a stream into, or withdraw a stream from, the first adsorptive separation unit during the first step time interval. During a second portion of the first step-time interval, the process introduces material from a purification zone into the feed stream used during the first step-time interval.

Abstract: A process is provided for recovering methane from landfill feed gas and other anaerobic digestors. The process comprising the following steps: firstly treating the feed gas to remove H2S; subsequently compressing the gas; and then treating the gas to remove further impurities. Additionally, there is provided a chiller for reducing the temperature of a gas flow. The chiller comprising: a shell arranged to be chilled, a plurality of bores through the shell and through which the gas flows, in use, and forming, together with the shell, a heat exchanger, a tangential inlet to each bore for creating a spiral flow of the gas through the bore, in use. Furthermore, a process is provided for purifying a gas feed using a reversible gas absorber unit comprising two hollow fiber gas/liquid contactors, each of which is arranged to provide a counter-current flow.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the separation of C4 olefins and C4 paraffins from a C4 hydrocarbon mixed gas including butene-1, trans-2- butene, cis-2-butene, normal butane, isobutane, etc. The method of the present invention produces C4 olefins with high purity by introducing a gaseous C4 mixture into the adsorption tower loaded with adsorbent selectively adsorbing olefins to adsorb C4 olefins and to discharge C4 paraffins to the outlet of the tower, desorbing C4 olefins adsorbed on the adsorption tower with a desorbent C5 hydrocarbon, C6 hydrocarbon, etc.), and then separating the C4 olefin and the desorbent by a distillation process.

Abstract: A process for separating para-xylene from a mixture of C8 alkylaromatics comprises contacting the mixture of C8 alkylaromatics with a zeolitic binder-converted composition comprising (a) a zeolite X composition having at least a first zeolite X having a mean diameter not greater than 2.7 microns, and a second zeolite X, wherein the second zeolite X is obtained by converting a binder material to the second zeolite X and the binder material is in a range from 5 to 50 wt % of the zeolite X composition; and (b) an unconverted binder material content, after conversion to the second zeolite X is complete, in a range from 0 to 3 wt % of the zeolite X composition. The zeolite X composition has an average Si/Al framework mole ratio in a range from 1.0 to 1.5, and a relative LTA intensity not greater than 1.0, as determined by x-ray diffraction (XRD).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a hybrid process comprising an adsorption process and a distillation process for the separation of butene-1 from a C4 hydrocarbon mixture gas including butene-1, trans-2-butene, cis-2-butene, normal butane, isobutane, etc. The above hybrid process comprises introducing a gaseous C4 mixture into the adsorption tower loaded with adsorbents which adsorb olefins selectively to discharge C4 paraffins to the outlet of the tower, desorbing C4 olefins selectively adsorbed in the adsorption tower to produce high purity C4 olefins mixture gas in which isobutane and normal butane was removed, and separating the high C4 olefins mixture gas (a mixture of butene-1, trans-2-butene, cis-2-butene, and a trace amount of C4 paraffins) via distillation to obtain high purity butene-1 including a trace amount of isobutane in the top of the distillation tower and obtain a mixture gas including trans-2-butene, cis-2-butene and a trace amount of normal butane in the bottom of the tower.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide, for an adsorption separation system for separating normal paraffins from a hydrocarbon feed stream, a process for switching the adsorption separation from a triple split desorbent system to a dual split desorbent system, and vice versa. Switching occurs by separating and/or introducing a second flush material in the adsorption separation system. This switching can occur during normal operations.

Abstract: A mixed matrix adsorbent is found for use in the removal of light alkanes from a gasoline stream. The mixed matrix comprises two adsorbents with one adsorbent having an LTA type structure and the other adsorbent having an MFI structure.

Abstract: Ethanol obtained from ordinary biomass resources contains many impurities other than water and these impurities themselves or their decomposition products contaminate ethylene when the ethylene is produced by a dehydration reaction, whereby the activity of metathesis catalyst is adversely affected. A method for producing propylene of the present invention is characterized in that the ethanol obtained from biomass is converted to ethylene by a dehydration reaction, the ethylene is separated from the generated water, the separated ethylene is purified by adsorption in an adsorption tower filled with an adsorbent, and then a metathesis reaction is carried out along with a raw material containing n-butene. With the present invention, propylene having biomass-derived carbon and reduced-environmental burden can be efficiently produced without lowering the catalysis activity.

Abstract: In various embodiments, the present disclosure describes methods for removing impurities from a hydrocarbon stream containing at least one vinyl aromatic compound such as, for example, styrene. The methods include pretreating at least one sorbent to make the at least one sorbent operable for adsorbing the impurities, contacting the hydrocarbon stream with the at least one sorbent in order to adsorb at least a portion of the impurities and separating the hydrocarbon stream from the at least one sorbent. Impurities include, for example, colored impurities, sulfur-containing impurities and combinations thereof.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment can be a separation system. The separation system can include an adsorption zone, a rotary valve, a transition zone, and one or more pipes. Usually, the transition zone includes one or more lines communicating the rotary valve with the adsorption zone. The rotary valve alternatively may distribute an input of a feed or a desorbent to the adsorption zone or alternatively can receive an output of a raffinate or an extract from the adsorption zone in a line, and a remnant may remain in the line from a previous input or output. One or more pipes outside the transition zone communicating with the rotary valve can form at least one pipe volume receiving an input for dislodging a remnant or for receiving a remnant from the line. The remnant may be different from the input or output.

Abstract: A process to increase the capacity of the adsorbent in a normal paraffin adsorption separation system is presented. A tertiary flush stream is used to improve the capacity of the simulated moving bed system by flushing residual raffinate from the feed transfer line. The flushing removes residual raffinate containing desorbent that competes with the adsorption of normal paraffins from the feedstream. The flush stream is a material that will displace fluid in the column, but will not enter the pores of the adsorbent.

Abstract: The apparatus includes at least two adsorptive separation zones to separate para-xylene from a feed stream comprising C8 aromatic hydrocarbons and at least one C9 aromatic hydrocarbon component. The first adsorptive separation zone delivers a raffinate stream to a raffinate distillation zone and an extract stream to an extract distillation zone. The raffinate distillation zone delivers a stream to the second adsorptive separation zone and at least one of the extract distillation zone and raffinate distillation zone delivers a recycle stream to the first adsorptive separation zone.

Abstract: This invention relates in part to a method for preparing a pressure vessel for receiving high purity acetylene at elevated pressure. The method involves providing a porous filler-containing pressure vessel, deep cleaning the porous filler-containing pressure vessel, purifying a solvent, and charging the purified solvent into the deep cleaned, porous filler-containing pressure vessel. The pressure vessel is then charged with high purity acetylene for storage, transport and/or delivery of the high purity acetylene. The high purity acetylene may be useful as a source material for depositing carbon and carbon-containing films in semiconductor applications.

Abstract: Processes and apparatuses are provided for producing a normal paraffin product or a substantially linear paraffin product from a feed including normal hydrocarbons, non-normal hydrocarbons, and contaminants. The contaminants are extracted from the feed through contact with an ionic liquid stream to form a clean stream of hydrocarbons. The desired hydrocarbons are selectively adsorbed from the clean stream of hydrocarbons with a molecular sieve to remove the desired hydrocarbons from the non-desired hydrocarbons. A desorbent recovers the desired hydrocarbons from the molecular sieve. Then the desired hydrocarbons are separated from the desorbent to yield the normal paraffin product.

Abstract: Provided is a process for crystallization separating p-xylene, comprising: a) feeding a mixed xylenes stream comprising greater than or equal to 60% by weight, of p-xylene, such as 60% to 98% by weight of p-xylene, to a crystallization unit to perform cooling crystallization, to obtain a slurry comprising p-xylene crystals; and b) feeding the slurry to a filtration and purification unit, to obtain a mother liquor, washings, and p-xylene, wherein the filtration and purification unit uses a simulated moving bed or a combination of multiple moving beds.

Abstract: ETS-10 type materials preferentially adsorb ethane and, if present, C3+ paraffins from mixtures comprising methane, ethane and optionally C3+ paraffins at pressures above 200 psia. A process in which ETS-10 type materials are used to separate ethane and C3+ paraffins from natural gas streams at over 200 psia is provided.

Abstract: A simulated moving bed adsorptive separation process for preparing the separate feed streams charged to naphtha reforming unit and a steam cracking unit has been developed. The feed stream to the overall unit is passed into the adsorptive separation unit. The desorbent in the adsorptive separation is C12 hydrocarbons. The simulated moving bed adsorptive separation separates the components of the feed stream into a normal paraffin stream, which is charged to the steam cracking process, and non-normal hydrocarbons which are passed into a reforming zone. The desorbent is readily separated from the normal paraffin stream and from the non-normal paraffin stream and the simulated moving bed adsorption zone is operated at an A/Fn ratio of from about 0.90 to about 0.92.

Abstract: A process is presented for the selective separation and recovery of large normal paraffins from a heavy kerosene boiling point fraction. The process includes passing the heavy kerosene fraction through an adsorption separation system for separating the normal paraffins from the paraffin mixture. The recovered extract and raffinate streams are mixed with a diluent made up of a lighter hydrocarbon. The subsequent diluted extract and raffinate streams are passed through first fractionation columns to separate the desorbent from the diluent and the heavier paraffins. The mixture of the diluent and heavier paraffins is passed through a second set of fractionation columns to separate the diluent and the heavier paraffins.

Abstract: An exemplary embodiment can be a process for removing one or more polynuclear aromatics from at least one reformate stream from a reforming zone. The PNAs may be removed using an adsorption zone. The adsorption zone can include first and second vessels each vessel containing an activated carbon adsorbent. Generally, the process includes passing the at least a portion of an effluent of the reforming zone through the first vessel containing a first activated carbon adsorbent wherein the first activated carbon adsorbent comprises iron.

Abstract: An improved method is provided for removing contaminants from a hydrocarbon stream, such as a stream of raw natural gas. The contaminated hydrocarbon stream is passed through a first adsorbent bed containing molecular sieves to adsorb contaminants on the molecular sieves, thereby removing at least some of the contaminants from the hydrocarbon stream. The contaminated hydrocarbon stream may optionally be passed through a second adsorbent bed containing a desiccant material other than molecular sieves. The molecular sieves are regenerated using a wet regeneration process in which both the water content and temperature of the regeneration fluid stream are staged.

Abstract: Carbon monoxide is removed from material streams by adsorption to an adsorption composition comprising oxides of copper, zinc and aluminum, the copper-comprising fraction of which has a degree of reduction, expressed as weight ratio of metallic copper to the sum of metallic copper and copper oxides, calculated as CuO, of at most 60%.

Abstract: A method for isolation and quantification of naphthenate forming acids (ARN-acids) in crude oils is disclosed. The method involves selective absorbtion/adsorption of ARN acids by a solid medium. Isolation of the solid medium and transferring the ARN acids to an organic solvent which can by analysed for its ARN acid content.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for removing unsaturated aliphatic compounds from a hydrocarbon feed stream by contacting the hydrocarbon feed stream with an acidic molecular sieve to produce a hydrocarbon effluent stream having a lower unsaturated aliphatic content relative to the hydrocarbon feed stream. The hydrocarbon feed stream comprises an aromatic compound, a nitrogen compound, and an unsaturated aliphatic compound.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a process for the purification of benzene feedstock containing contaminating sulfur compounds, more in particular thiophenic sulfur compounds, said process comprising contacting the benzene feedstock in the presence of hydrogen with a sulfided nickel adsorbent, wherein in said adsorbent part of the nickel is present in the metallic form, and subsequently contacting the said feedstock with a supported metallic copper adsorbent.

Abstract: The invention is an adsorptive separation process for producing a para-xylene product from a feed stream comprising para-xylene, at least one other C8 aromatic, and a C9 aromatic. An adsorbent comprising X or Y zeolite and a desorbent comprising para-diethylbenzene (p-DEB) are used in an adsorptive separation zone to produce an extract stream comprising para-xylene, p-DEB, and the C9 aromatic and a raffinate stream comprising the at least one other C8 aromatic, the C9 aromatic, and p-DEB. The extract stream is separated in an extract distillation zone to produce a second desorbent stream comprising the C9 aromatic and p-DEB and the raffinate stream is separated in a raffinate distillation zone to produce a third desorbent stream comprising the C9 aromatic and p-DEB. At least a portion of at least one of the second desorbent stream and the third desorbent stream is further separated in a desorbent distillation zone to produce a stream comprising the C9 aromatic.

Abstract: The removal of fluoroalkanes from fluoroalkane-containing hydrocarbon streams, preferably C3 to C5 hydrocarbon streams. The fluoroalkane-containing hydrocarbon stream is contacted with an adsorbent containing a strong acid function, preferably a silica gel or a strong cation ion-exchange resin having sulfonic acid functionality.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved absorption-type separation and/or purification processes having dual rotary valves.

Abstract: The invention relates to processes for reducing the sulfur content in hydrocarbon fuels such as gasoline, diesel fuel and jet fuel. The invention provides a method and materials for producing ultra low sulfur content transportation fuels for motor vehicles as well as for applications such as fuel cells. The materials and method of the invention may be used at ambient or elevated temperatures and at ambient or elevated pressures without the need for hydrogen.

Abstract: A process for adsorbing aromatic sulfur compounds, where an adsorbent is contacted with a C6-C20 aromatic and/or aliphatic stream which comprises a solution of (i) at least one benzothiophene compound, (ii) a solvent which comprises at least one C6-C16 aliphatic compound, and (iii) optionally at least one C6-C12 aromatic compound. In this process, the adsorbent is regenerated using an organic regenerant such as, but not limited to, toluene. Also disclosed is another process for adsorbing aromatic sulfur compounds. In this process, an adsorbent is contacted with a mixture comprising a model diesel feed comprising at least one benzothiophene compound. In this process, the adsorbent is regenerated using an organic regenerant such as, but not limited to, toluene.

Abstract: A method for adsorbing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) derived from organic matter comprises adsorbing the VOCs onto palladium doped ZSM-5, optionally at ambient temperature. The organic matter can be perishable organic goods such as food, including fruit and/or vegetables, horticultural produce, including plants and/or cut flowers, or refuse. The palladium doped ZSM-5 has a Si:Al ratio of less than or equal to 100:1 and preferably has a palladium content of from 0.1 wt % to 10.0 wt % based on the total weight of the doped ZSM-5.