Abstract: A process for removing heavy polycyclic aromatic contaminants from a hydrocarbon stream using a quinolinium ionic liquid is described. The process includes contacting the hydrocarbon stream comprising the contaminant with a hydrocarbon-immiscible quinolinium ionic liquid to produce a mixture comprising the hydrocarbon and a hydrocarbon-immiscible quinolinium ionic liquid comprising at least a portion of the removed contaminant; and separating the mixture to produce a hydrocarbon effluent having a reduced level of the contaminant and a hydrocarbon-immiscible quinolinium ionic liquid effluent comprising the hydrocarbon-immiscible quinolinium ionic liquid comprising at least the portion of the removed contaminant.

Abstract: We provide a method for making hydrocarbon products with reduced organic halide contamination, comprising: a. separating an effluent from an ionic liquid catalyzed hydrocarbon conversion reaction into: i. a hydrocarbon fraction comprising an organic halide contaminant and from greater than zero to less than 5000 wppm olefins; and ii. a used ionic liquid catalyst fraction comprising a used ionic liquid catalyst; and b. contacting the hydrocarbon fraction with an aromatic hydrocarbon reagent and an ionic liquid catalyst to reduce a level of the organic halide contaminant to from greater than zero to 20 wppm in a finished hydrocarbon product.

Abstract: Embodiments of an invention disclosed herein relate to processes utilizing solvent extraction to remove nitrogen containing compounds and optionally other components from feedstreams of olefins and paraffins.

Abstract: Solvent regeneration to recover a polar hydrocarbon (HC) selective solvent substantially free of hydrocarbons (HCs) and other impurities from a solvent-rich stream containing selective solvent, heavy HCs, and polymeric materials (PMs) generated from reactions among thermally decomposed or oxidized solvent, heavy HCs, and additives is provided. A combination of displacement agent and associated co-displacement agent squeezes out the heavy HCs and PMs from the extractive solvent within a solvent clean-up zone. Simultaneously, a filter equipped with a magnetic field is positioned in a lean solvent circulation line to remove paramagnetic contaminants. The presence of the co-displacement agent significantly enhances the capability of the displacement agent in removing the heavy HCs and PMs from the extractive solvent.

Abstract: A method of improving air release in lubricant base stocks and lubricating oils is provided. The method includes providing a Group I base stock, a Group II base stock or a combination thereof and adding to the base stock an effective amount of C7 to C80 paraffin, wherein the lubricant base stock provides air release according to the ASTM D3427 test at least 20% lower than the same lubricant base stock not including the C7 to C80 paraffin. Also provided are lube base stocks and lubricating oils with improved air release and methods of making such base stocks and oils.

Abstract: We provide an extracted conjunct polymer naphtha (45), comprising a hydrogenated conjunct polymer naphtha, from a used ionic liquid catalyst, having a final boiling point less than 246° C. (475° F.), a Bromine Number of 5 or less, and at least 30 wt % naphthenes. We also provide a blended alkylate gasoline (97) comprising the extracted conjunct polymer naphtha (45), and integrated alkylation processes to make the extracted conjunct polymer naphtha (45) and the blended alkylate gasoline (97). We also provide a method to analyze alkylate products, by determining an amount of methylcyclohexane in the alkylate products (80).

Abstract: The invention concerns the control of solvent systems in processes and apparatus for the separation of aromatic hydrocarbons from non-aromatic hydrocarbons in liquid-liquid extraction, extractive distillation, and the combination thereof.

Abstract: A polyethylene production process, comprising contacting ethylene and a polymerization catalyst under suitable reaction conditions to yield a polymerization product stream, separating a light gas stream from the polymerization product stream, wherein the light gas stream comprises ethane and unreacted ethylene, contacting the light gas stream with an absorption solvent system, wherein at least a portion of the ethylene from the light gas stream is absorbed by the absorption solvent system, removing unabsorbed gases of the light gas stream from contact with the absorption solvent system to form a waste gas stream, and recovering ethylene from the absorption solvent system.

Abstract: Processes for obtaining aromatic hydrocarbons from a hydrocarbon mixture a1. Mixture a1 is extractively distilled with extractive solvent a2 producing mixture bl comprising solvent a2, aromatic hydrocarbons and high boilers, and nonaromatic hydrocarbon mixture b2. Mixture b1 is distilled to aromatic hydrocarbon c1 and solvent comprising high boilers c2. Substream dl is removed from c2 and c2 is recycled to extractive distillation. Substream d1 is extracted with water producing aqueous phase e1 and organic phase e2. Aqueous phase e1 is distilled and purified solvent a2 is recovered and recycled into extractive distillation of mixture b1. Substream e2? is removed from organic phase e2 and recycled into extractive distillation of mixture b1. The amount of organic phase e2? is such that when d1 comprising solvent, high boilers, water and circulated stream e2? is dispersed, aqueous extract phase e1, forms a disperse phase and organic phase e2 a continuous phase.

Abstract: A process for isolating a conjugated diene from a hydrocarbon mixture is disclosed. The process comprises distilling the hydrocarbon mixture in the presence of an extraction solvent comprising an N,N-dialkyl aliphatic amide and from 12 to 50 weight percent furfural to separate a distillate and a conjugated diene-rich extract; and recovering the conjugated diene from the extract.

Abstract: A method for the absorption of alkynes and diolefins from an ethylene or propylene containing stream with conversion to alkenes by catalytic hydrogenation in a solvent over a fixed bed comprising a supported catalyst.

Abstract: A method for treating crude or residual fuel oil includes extracting vanadium from the fuel oil by contacting the fuel oil with an adsorbent and a solvent. The adsorbent may be modified with a compound having both acidic functionality and basic functionality. The method provides effective removal of vanadium from crude or residual fuel oil at moderate temperatures.

Abstract: A method for reducing halide concentration in a hydrocarbon product made by a hydrocarbon conversion process using an ionic liquid catalyst comprising a halogen-containing an acidic ionic liquid comprising: (i) separating at least a portion of the hydrocarbon product from the ionic liquid catalyst used in the hydrocarbon conversion process from the hydrocarbon product; (ii) contacting at least a portion of the separated hydrocarbon product with an ionic liquid catalyst having the same formula as the ionic liquid catalyst used in the hydrocarbon conversion process; (iii) separating at least a portion of the hydrocarbon product from the ionic liquid catalyst of step (ii); and (iv) recovering at least a portion of the separated hydrocarbon product of step (iii) having a halide concentration less than the halide concentration of the hydrocarbon product of step (i) is disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to low-foaming gas processing compositions comprising (a) a silicone antifoam component comprising a base silicone fluid and a particulate metal oxide; (b) an emulsifying component in an amount suitable for the at least substantial emulsification of the silicone antifoam component in water; (c) a polypropylene glycol component at least partially soluble, emulsifiable, and/or dispersible in water; (d) a water-soluble or water-dispersible gas processing agent; and (e) water. The invention also relates to methods for processing a gas by treating the gas with these foam suppressing compositions.

Abstract: An energy efficient, high throughput process for aromatics recovery can be readily implemented by revamping existing sulfolane solvent extraction facilities, or constructing new ones, so as to incorporate unique process operations involving liquid-liquid extraction and extractive distillation. Current industrial sulfolane solvent based liquid-liquid extraction processes employ a liquid-liquid extraction column, an extractive stripping column, a solvent recovery column, a raffinate wash column, and a solvent regenerator. The improved process for aromatic hydrocarbon recovery from a mixture of aromatic and non-aromatic hydrocarbons requires transformation of the extractive stripping column into a modified extractive distillation column. The revamping incorporates the unique advantages of liquid-liquid extraction and extractive distillation into one process to significantly reduce energy consumption and increase process throughput.

Abstract: Provided is a method of separating an aromatic compound from a mixture containing the aromatic compound and an aliphatic compound. The method includes separating an aromatic compound from a mixture containing the aromatic compound and an aliphatic compound, wherein the separating is performed using a liquid-liquid extracting method using an ionic liquid as an extracting solvent.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for obtaining aromatic hydrocarbons selected from benzene, toluene, xylene and ethylbenzene and mixtures thereof from a hydrocarbon mixture which additionally comprises nonaromatic hydrocarbons and high boilers, comprising the steps of (A) providing a hydrocarbon mixture a1 and an extractive solvent a2 composed of N-formylmorpholine, (B) extractively distilling the hydrocarbon mixture a1 with the extractive solvent to obtain a mixture b1 of extractive solvent and the aromatic hydrocarbons, said mixture comprising high boilers, and a mixture b2 comprising nonaromatic hydrocarbons, (C) distilling the mixture b1 of extractive solvent and aromatic hydrocarbons obtained in step (B) to obtain one or more fractions c1 composed of aromatic hydrocarbons and the extractive solvent c2 which comprises high boilers, (D) removing a substream d1 from the extractive solvent c2 and recycling the extractive solvent c2 into the extractive distillation (B), (E) extracting the substream d1 of th

Abstract: The invention relates to low-foaming gas processing compositions comprising (a) a silicone antifoam component comprising a base silicone fluid and a particulate metal oxide; (b) an emulsifying component in an amount suitable for the at least substantial emulsification of the silicone antifoam component in water; (c) a polypropylene glycol component at least partially soluble, emulsifiable, and/or dispersible in water; (d) a water-soluble or water-dispersible gas processing agent; and (e) water. The invention also relates to methods for processing a gas by treating the gas with these foam suppressing compositions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new method of extraction of solid compounds by microwaves and to the apparatus used in said method.

Abstract: A process for recovering crude 1,3-butadiene from a C4 fraction by extractive distillation using a selective solvent in a dividing wall column (TK) in which a dividing wall (T) is arranged in the longitudinal direction of the column to form a first subregion (A), a second subregion (B) and a lower common column region (C) and which is preceded by an extractive scrubbing column (K), wherein the operation of the dividing wall column (TK) is set by regulation of the energy input into the dividing wall column (TK) via a bottom vaporizer (V) and setting of the number of the theoretical plates in the lower common column region (C) so that a bottom stream (17) consisting of purified solvent is obtained from the dividing wall column (TK), is proposed.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for removing polarizable impurities from hydrocarbons and mixtures of hydrocarbons using ionic liquids as an extraction medium. By way of extraction, the degree of contamination of the hydrocarbon or mixture of hydrocarbons is reduced to a low or very low level. The specific ionic liquids are compounds of the Formula 1, which are organic salts that are liquid or can be melted to form a liquid and that can form at least a biphasic mixture with a hydrocarbon. The process is suitable for purifying a wide range of hydrocarbons under a wide range of process conditions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to dewaxing aids comprising the mixture of two or more polyalkyl(meth)acrylates having an exothermic heat initiation temperature within the specific range when chilled at 30° C./minute rate, to be added together with the wax-containing hydrocarbon oil to the dewaxing solvent. The dewaxing aid according to the present invention can be used in the solvent dewaxing method containing the stage in which the chilling rate during the chilling is 30° C./minute or higher, is effective for heavy type wax-containing hydrocarbon oils, and is chlorine-free.

Abstract: In a reaction system having at least two liquid-liquid interfaces between an organic phase of raw material containing a compound(s) to be separated and an aqueous phase of an aqueous solution of inclusion-complexing agent and between that aqueous phase and an organic phase(s) of extraction solvent(s), the compound(s) to be separated is entrapped into the aqueous phase through formation of an inclusion complex(es) of the inclusion-complexing agent with the compound(s), while the compound(s) is entrapped into the organic phase(s) of extraction solvent(s) through dissociation of said inclusion complex(es). The foregoing operation is performed using, for example, a squarish U-shaped tube or an H-shaped tube with bottom plates. Preferred examples of inclusion-complexing agent include highly water-soluble branched cyclodextrins.

Abstract: A process for separating linear alpha olefins from a feedstock containing linear alpha olefins, saturated hydrocarbons, internal olefins, branched olefins, and alcohols, in particular, from a Fisher-Tropsch stream is provided.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for settling suspended finely divided inorganic solid particles from a hydrocarbon slurry using an additive. The additive comprises (a) a hydroxy-terminated polyoxyalkylate chain(s) containing polymer having at least one oxygen atom and at least one nitrogen atom and, optionally, (b) other components such as a solvent, an acid or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to extractive distillation compositions for separating a mixture of hydrocarbon compounds, wherein the extractive distillation composition includes at least one alkylene glycol compound, and at least one compatibility agent, wherein the compatibility agent is selected from materials having polar parameters and hydrogen bonding parameters such that the extractive distillation composition provides improved separation of the hydrocarbon compounds, as compared to the use of the extractive distillation composition without the compatibility agent.

Abstract: A process for separating and isolating saturated hydrocarbons from olefins, and in particular, a process for separating and isolating saturated hydrocarbons from olefins in a Fisher-Tropsch stream. The feedstock composition is contacted with linear polyaromatic compound under conditions effective to form linear polyaromatic compound-olefin adducts. Separation of the adducts from the stream also separates the adducted olefins from the stream. After dissociation of the adducted olefins, the process results in an olefin composition that is enriched in concentration of olefins over the concentration of olefins in the feedstock composition, and a saturated hydrocarbon stream that is enriched in saturated hydrocarbons over the concentration of saturated hydrocarbons in the feedstock.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods for enhanced extractive distillation of hydrocarbons that employ extrative distillation compositions comprising sulfolane or sulfolane derivatives in comination with compatibility agents.

Abstract: A process for separating and isolating olefins from saturated hydrocarbons, preferably in a Fischer Tropsch stream, by adducting the olefins with a linear polyaromatic compound and separating the adducts from the remainder, which comprises saturated hydrocarbons.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for removing sulfur compounds including sulfur in the (−2) oxidation state such as mercaptans, dialkyl sulfides, carbonyl sulfide, hydrogen sulfide, thiophenes and benzothiophenes, from liquid or gas feed streams, particularly hydrocarbon feed streams such as, for example, natural gas and refinery process streams. According to the process, such a feed stream including these sulfur impurities is contacted with an absorbent which includes a metal ion-containing organic composition such as, for example, iron, copper, lead, nickel, tin, zinc or mercury cation-containing phthalocyanine or porphyrin to thereby form sulfur-metal cation coordination complexes in which the oxidation state of the sulfur and the metal cation remains essentially unchanged. The complexes are separated from the feed stream, and the absorbent is regenerated by disassociating the sulfur compound from the complexes.

Abstract: A mixture contains one or more vinyl-containing compounds as component (A) and, as a further component, a stabilizer (B) which contains one or more readily volatile nitroxyl compounds as component (b1), one or more sparingly volatile nitroxyl compounds as component (b2), if required one or more aromatic nitro compounds as component (b3) and, if required, one or more iron compounds as component (b4). Stabilizers (B) contain the components (b1) and (b2), (b1) and (b2) and (b3), (b1) and (b2) and (b4), and (b1), (b2), (b3) and (b4), and the premature polymerization of vinyl-containing compounds during their purification or distillation is inhibited by a process in which a stabilizer (B) is added or the components of stabilizer (B) are added as individual substances or in at least two groups of the components.

Abstract: A method of separating aromatic hydrocarbons and non-aromatic hydrocarbons, and aromatic hydrocarbons and naphtenes involves distilling a mixture of the components by an extractive distillation process in the presence of an extractive distillation solvent. The extractive distillation solvent may be an ester of a dibasic acid, an acetonyl acetone or morpholine.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for separating and isolating olefins from saturated hydrocarbons, and in particular, to a process for separating and isolating olefins from saturated hydrocarbons in a Fisher-Tropsch stream.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for separating finely divided solids from a hydrocarbon slurry by using an additive that comprises a polymer and, optionally, an alkylbenzene sulfonic acid; and a composition of the additive thereof. The polymer is a polymer having (a) a polymeric backbone comprising polyol units and at least one unsaturated polycarboxylic unit, (b) acrylate units coordinated via unsaturated polycarboxylic units, and (c) oxyalkylated alkyl phenol units.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for separating and isolating saturated hydrocarbons from olefins, and in particular, to a process for separating and isolating saturated hydrocarbons from olefins in a Fisher-Tropsch stream.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for separating and isolating saturated hydrocarbons from olefins, and in particular, to a process for separating and isolating saturated hydrocarbons from olefins in a Fisher-Tropsch stream, and thereafter treating the olefins to separate linear alpha olefins from internal olefins.

Abstract: There is provided a process for separating olefins from saturated hydrocarbons in a feedstock containing saturated hydrocarbons, internal olefins, and alpha olefins characterized by steps of selectively forming of olefin-linear polyaromatic compound adducts and steps of dissociation of these adducts.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for separating and isolating saturated hydrocarbons from olefins, and in particular, to a process for separating and isolating saturated hydrocarbons from olefins in a Fisher-Tropsch stream.

Abstract: Mesitylene is difficult to separate from 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene because of the proximity of their boiling points. They are readily separated by azeotropic distillation. Effective agents are isopropyl acetate, 2-pentanol and acetonitrile.

Abstract: Process for the recovery of pure hydrocarbons from a hydrocarbon mixture, more particularly, a high aromatics content hydrocarbon mixture, by extractive distillation in an extractive distillation column. A first solvent feed for a first sub-flow of a selective solvent is provided between the top part of the column and the bottom part thereof. The selective solvent used is an N-substituted morpholine. Substantially non-aromatics are withdrawn as the raffinate from the head of the extractive distillation column and substantially aromatics and selective solvent are withdrawn as the extract from the sump of the extractive distillation column. A second sub-flow of the selective solvent is introduced via a second solvent feed in the top part of the column above the first solvent feed. The quantity of solvent supplied with the second sub-flow constitutes less than 50% of the total quantity of solvent.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for separating at least one cycloalkane containing 5-10 carbon atoms per molecule from at least one close-boiling alkane by extractive distillation of a feed consisting essentially of said at least one cycloalkane and said at least one alkane, the improvement comprising the use of certain pyrrolidones, certain morpholines, sulfoxides, sulfolanes, glycol compounds, or mixtures thereof, and optionally water; wherein said extractive distillation process produces (i) an overhead distillate product which contains a smaller volume percentage of said at least one cycloalkane and a larger volume percentage of said at least one alkane than said feed, and (ii) a bottoms product which contains said solvent and a larger volume percentage of said at least one cycloalkane and a smaller volume percentage of said at least one alkane than said feed; and wherein said at least one cycloalkane is separated from said solvent and recovered from said bottoms product.

Abstract: 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene is difficult to separate from 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene by conventional distillation or rectification because of the proximity of their boiling points. 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene can be readily separated from 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene by extractive distillation. Effective agents are 3-nitrotoluene, m-cresol and sulfolane.

Abstract: A process for separating linear alpha olefins from branched alpha olefins in a feed stream by:a) contacting the feed stream with a linear polyaromatic compound having at least four fused aromatic rings, such as 2,3-benzanthracene, under conditions effective to form a reaction mixture comprising a linear polyaromatic compound-linear alpha olefin adduct;b) separating the linear polyaromatic compound-linear alpha olefin adduct from the reaction mixture;c) dissociating the linear polyaromatic compound-linear alpha olefin adduct to form the linear polyaromatic compound and a linear alpha olefin composition, and optionallyd) separating the linear polyaromatic compound formed in step c) from the linear alpha olefin composition.

Abstract: A process to improve the performance of furfural for aromatics extraction from gas oils and lube distillates by the addition of ethers and/or aldehydes, preferably having a dielectric constant less than about 40 @ 25.degree. C.

Abstract: Cyclohexene is separated from a mixture of cyclohexene and at least one of cyclohexane and benzene by subjecting the mixture to extractive distillation in the presence of an extraction solvent the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each is a C.sub.1-10 alkyl group or hydrogen, and n is an integer of from 2-4, thereby preparing a fraction rich in cyclohexene.

Abstract: The production of high purity benzene and high purity toluene is obtained by utilizing the initial gas separating column for the treatment of the aromatic containing starting material as a separating column for separating a benzene rich from a toluene rich component. The benzene rich component is subject directly to distillation while the toluene is subject to predistillation to separate high boiling components and only then to extractive distillation is distilled to separate the high purity benzene from the high purity toluene.

Abstract: 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene is difficult to sepparate from 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene because of the proximity of their boiling points. They are readily separated by azeotropic distillation. Effective agents are 1-propanol, methyl formate and 1-nitropropane.

Abstract: Phellandrene is difficult to separate from limonene by conventional distillation or rectification because of the proximity of their boiling points. Phellandreneecan be readily separated from limonene by extractive distillation. Effective agents are o-cresol, tripropylene glycol and isophorone.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for accelerating the settling of finely divided, oil-and-water-insoluble solids in hydrocarbon fluids using an effective amount of an alkylphenol-formaldehyde resin alkoxylate having a molecular weight of about 500 to about 5,000. Preferably, the hydrocarbon is a fluid catalytic cracker slurry containing spent catalyst fines.

Abstract: The waste organics containing caustic stream from a propylene oxide/styrene monomer process is preferably first concentrated by distillation and then contacted with strong acid such as sulfuric acid and an organic solvent, the admixture is phase separated and an aqueous sodium containing phase reduced in organics is separated from an organic solvent phase reduced in sodium.