Abstract: A mechanochemical process for preparation of valuable products free from persistent organic contaminants and other organic halogen compounds, from waste of non-mixed and mixed, plastics and plastic laminates which is contaminated with persistent organic contaminants and/or contain the organic halogen compounds. Shredded waste is filled into a mill containing milling balls and is further shredded by milling. At least one dehalogenating agent is added. The mixture is milled further, and milling is stopped after a set time period. Before or after this step a further additive is added. The resulting products are separated from the milling balls, and the resulting halogen containing water-soluble products are jettisoned by washing with aqueous solvents and/or the resulting halogen containing, water-insoluble products are not washed out, but remain in the valuable products as fillers. Valuable products prepared in accordance with the process, and methods for their use are also provided.

Abstract: A hazardous drug deactivation wipe kit includes a first pouch having a one-way valve coupled to an end thereof, a second pouch, and a third pouch. The first pouch contains a wipe saturated in a hypochlorite solution, the second pouch contains a wipe saturated in thiosulfate solution, and the third pouch contains a wipe saturated in isopropyl alcohol solution. The deactivation wipe kit may be used in a clean room to deactivate most hazardous drugs on a work surface.

Abstract: In one aspect, a composition for decomposing pharmaceutically active agents comprises an oxidizer comprising a permanganate, and an isocyanurate; and an immobilizer. In another aspect, a composition comprises up to 50 wt. % of an oxidizer comprising potassium permanganate and sodium dichloroisocyanurate dehydrate, wherein the wt. % is based on a total weight of the composition.

Abstract: A method for surface writing is disclosed. The method includes fabricating a plurality of nanomotors, forming a secondary solution by adding the plurality of nanomotors to a primary solution placed on a substrate, guiding the plurality of nanomotors along a path in the secondary solution, and forming a sol-gel film along the path on a surface of the substrate. Wherein, the primary solution includes a monomer and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Fabricating the plurality of nanomotors includes preparing a mesoporous silica template, forming the plurality of nanomotors within the mesoporous silica template, and separating the plurality of nanomotors from the mesoporous silica template. The mesoporous silica template includes a plurality of channels, wherein each channel of the plurality of channels has a diameter less than about 50 nm and a length of less than about 100 nm, and each nanomotor of the plurality of nanomotors is formed within a channel of the plurality of channels.

Abstract: A hazardous drug deactivation wipe kit includes a first pouch having a one-way valve coupled to an end thereof, a second pouch, and a third pouch. The first pouch contains a wipe saturated in a hypochlorite solution, the second pouch contains a wipe saturated in thiosulfate solution, and the third pouch contains a wipe saturated in isopropyl alcohol solution. The deactivation wipe kit may be used in a clean room to deactivate most hazardous drugs on a work surface.

Abstract: The invention relates to unmasking endotoxins in compositions so that previously present, but undetectable endotoxins are rendered detectable.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein include layered mesh containers and methods for using the containers to safely transport and dispose of airbag inflators having ammonium-nitrate-based propellant. For example, a container with at least two single-layer sidewalls is provided that can hold multiple airbag inflators and withstand up to 4 moles of matter being deployed from an inflator having ammonium-nitrate-based propellant. The container can contain the inflator and any shrapnel associated with the explosion while also venting gases expelled as a result of the explosion. Various container designs are provided, along with methods for using these containers.

Abstract: A composition for decomposing pharmaceutically active agents, comprises up to 30 wt. % oxidizer; and up to 30 wt. % immobilizer; wherein the wt. % is based on a total weight of the composition.

Abstract: Reversibly switchable (transformable) surface layer changeable from (super)hydrophobic to (super)hydrophilic surface states are described. Methods of decontamination of surfaces exposed to contaminate are provided. The reversibly switchable properties of the surface layer can be controlled by an external stimulus.

Abstract: A method for decontamination of a toxic substance is disclosed. The method includes fabricating a plurality of nanomotors, and putting the plurality of nanomotors in contact with a contaminant solution comprising the toxic substance. Fabricating the plurality of nanomotors includes preparing a mesoporous silica template, forming the plurality of nanomotors within the mesoporous silica template, and separating the plurality of nanomotors from the mesoporous silica template. The mesoporous silica template includes a plurality of channels, where each channel of the plurality of channels have a diameter less than about 50 nm and a length of less than about 100 nm, and each nanomotor of the plurality of nanomotors is formed within a channel of the plurality of channels. Putting the plurality of nanomotors in contact with the contaminant solution includes adding hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the plurality of nanomotors to the contaminant solution.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of custom stabilization of the hydrogen peroxide used in the safe in-situ treatment of soil and groundwater. In one embodiment, disclosed is a method of in-situ chemical oxidation treatment of soil and/or groundwater wherein the hydrogen peroxide has been stabilized with carboxylate salt (e.g., sodium citrate, sodium malonate, or sodium phytate).

Abstract: A reverse osmosis membrane apparatus 17 including an RO membrane 17a that yields recycled water 18 and concentrated water 19 from pre-treated raw water (inflow water 16), salts being removed in the recycled water and salts being concentrated in industrial park waste water 11; monitoring apparatuses 21A and 21B disposed at an inflow water line L1 through which the inflow water 16 flows into the reverse osmosis membrane apparatus 17 or a concentrated water line L2 through which the concentrated water 19 flows out from the reverse osmosis membrane apparatus 17, which monitor the presence of chemical fouling causal substances in the inflow water 16 or the concentrated water 19; and a chemical supply section 22, which is a removal apparatus that removes the chemical fouling causal substances from the inflow water 16 on the front upstream side of the inflow into the reverse osmosis membrane apparatus 17, upon the presence of chemical fouling causal substances in the inflow water 16 or the concentrated water 19 bein

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method of oxidizing an organic compound present in soil, groundwater, process water or wastewater comprising contacting such organic compound with a persulfate and an organic acid selected from the group consisting of ascorbic acid, formic acid, oxalic acid, lactic acid and citric acid, wherein the molar ratio of such organic acid to persulfate is between 1:100 and 3:1.

Abstract: Disclosed are a process and a system for treating contaminated soil. The process includes introducing a contaminated soil to an agitation unit. Ozone is supplied to the agitation unit thereby forming a soil-gas mixture, and the soil-gas mixture is agitated for sufficient time for the ozone to contact the contaminants thereby forming an ozone-treated soil and a residual gas-particulates mixture. The ozone-treated soil and the residual gas-particulates mixture are removed from the agitation unit. If necessary, remaining ozone is then flushed from the soil. The process occurs under negative pressure to prevent ozone from being released to the atmosphere.

Abstract: Reversibly switchable (transformable) surface layer changeable from (super)hydrophobic to (super)hydrophilic surface states are described. Methods of decontamination of surfaces exposed to contaminate are provided. The reversibly switchable properties of the surface layer can be controlled by an external stimulus.

Abstract: A hydrothermal oxidation device for treatment of a material in a supercritical medium includes a main body, an internal tube installed inside the main body to form an annular zone along the main body, a stirring mechanism installed in an internal zone of the internal tube and actuated by a rotating shaft, a cooling mechanism to cool the treated material located in the internal zone of the internal tube, an inlet for water and oxidant mix, an effluents outlet, an inlet for material to be treated, located at one end of the main body, this inlet opening up into the internal tube. The oxidation device includes an inlet for a diluted effluent, located in the flange and connected to a preheating coil arranged along an internal wall of the main body and extending from its first end to its second end, the preheating coil opening up into the internal tube.

Abstract: A water treatment method by catalyzing ozone with a persulfate comprises the following steps: introducing the ozone into an ozone contact reactor filled with water to be treated; at the same time putting the persulfate into the reactor, wherein a stirring state is kept in the water treatment process. The method solves the problems of difficulty in the ionization of hydrogen peroxide, low capability in inducing the decomposition of the ozone, high hydrogen peroxide residues and inconvenience of hydrogen peroxide transportation and storage existing in the conventional water treatment method for catalyzing the ozone by using the hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: The invention relates to the provision of noble metal-containing mixtures for a process for processing them by heating the mixture, preferably for processing them by means of an ashing process. This provision is characterized by the following measures: (a) moistening of the noble metal-containing mixture to be processed, (b) introduction of the moistened noble metal-containing mixture into at least one container which serves as diffusion barrier for water, and (c) introduction of the loaded container into a heat-resistant chamber together with at least one upper refractory mat. The noble metal-containing mixture is preferably moistened in the presence of a porous material and the chamber is closed by means of a heat-resistant covering. The invention further provides a processing process comprising the provision of noble metal-containing mixtures and also the heat-resistant chamber loaded with noble metal-containing mixtures itself.

Abstract: A gasification system includes a water source, a downstream system configured to receive a first stream having water from the water source, and a carbon a carbon dioxide injector configured to adjust a pH of the water using a second stream having carbon dioxide to form pH-adjusted water.

Abstract: Hydrothermal oxidation of organic compounds, optionally with oxidizable inorganic compounds, is contained in an aqueous effluent. The aqueous effluent is injected within a tubular reactor and brought to supercritical pressure, and temperature is increased to a supercritical temperature, without any intermediate decrease in temperature, by introducing sufficient amounts of oxidizing agent within the tubular for totally oxidizing the organic compounds, and optionally for partly oxidizing oxidizable inorganic compounds. The oxidizing agent is introduced in a fractionated way in several points increasingly located downstream, and the composition and/or the concentration of the organic compounds and/or oxidizable organic compounds within the effluent to be treated varies over time.

Abstract: Certain exemplary embodiments can provide a system, machine, device, manufacture, circuit, composition, and/or user interface adapted for and/or resulting from, and/or a method and/or machine-readable medium comprising machine-implementable instructions for, activities that can comprise and/or relate to, in a treatment zone, reacting an oxygen-comprising gas, one or more selected ferric/ferrous chelates, one or more selected nitrates and/or nitrites, and/or anaerobic wastewater.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention relates to a method for treating spent caustic soda generated from an oil refinery process, a petrochemical process, etc. through a process in which a series of treatment steps are integrated, wherein the method can constitute a process under mild conditions excluding high temperature and/or high pressure conditions and can be advantageous to a post treatment process since the amount of by-products is small.

Abstract: Certain exemplary embodiments can provide a system, machine, device, manufacture, circuit, composition, and/or user interface adapted for and/or resulting from, and/or a method and/or machine-readable medium comprising machine-implementable instructions for, activities that can comprise and/or relate to, in a treatment zone, reacting an oxygen-comprising gas, one or more selected ferric/ferrous chelates, one or more selected nitrates and/or nitrites, and/or anaerobic wastewater.

Abstract: Degradation of phosphate esters, particularly neurotoxins and pesticides, is performed using high oxidative state molybdenum complexes, more particularly molybdenum(VI) complexes. A molybdenum(VI) complex is dissolved in water and then reacted with a phosphate ester. The phosphate esters can include, but are not limited to, VX, VE, VG, VM, GB, GD, GA, GF, parathion, paraoxon, triazophos, oxydemeton-methyl, chlorpyrifos, fenitrothion and pirimiphos-methyl, representing both chemical warfare agents as well as pesticides and insecticides.

Abstract: A method of stabilizing a fuel containing a reactive sodium metal may include puncturing a cladding of a fuel pin enclosing the fuel containing the reactive sodium metal to form an injection passage and an extraction passage. A reaction gas may be injected into the fuel pin through the injection passage to react with the reactive sodium metal to form a stable sodium compound. A ratio of a product gas and a remaining quantity of the reaction gas exiting the fuel pin through the extraction passage is subsequently measured, wherein the product gas is a reaction product of the reaction gas and the reactive sodium metal within the fuel pin. Once the measured ratio indicates that a reaction between the reaction gas and the reactive sodium metal is complete, the injection passage and the extraction passage are sealed so as to confine the stable sodium compound within the fuel pin.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for disposing wastes comprising the steps of conducting a hydrothermal decomposition reaction of the wastes, separating the products into a solid fuel and waste water, combusting the solid fuel, scrubbing the combustion gas, generating steam using the heat generated by the combustion, and purifying the waste water, exhibit a high energy-efficiency, while exhibiting a high removal rate of the pollutants generated during the combustion.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new method for treating domestic waste and the like by the combination of two compositions, one containing lime and the other containing urea, to the combinations, to the products obtained by the method and to uses thereof.

Abstract: Certain exemplary embodiments provide methods for reducing a concentration of a contaminant associated with a medium, which can be any substance or material, such as soil, water, air, and/or fluid. In one exemplary method, the medium is treated with a ferric chelate and an oxidizing agent in amounts effective to oxidize at least a portion of the contaminant.

Abstract: The invention comprises a method and apparatus for burning combustible fluids, such as biofuel byproducts and feedstocks, which are difficult to burn in a stable and clean manner. The method includes preheating the combustion zone prior to initiating flow of the combustible fluid and maintaining a minimum oxygen concentration in the oxidant gas.

Abstract: Systems and methods for removal of gas phase contaminants may utilize catalytic oxidation. For example, a method may include passing a gas that includes a gas phase contaminant through a catalytic membrane reactor at a temperature of about 150° C. to about 300° C., wherein the catalytic membrane reactor includes a bundle of tubular inorganic membranes, wherein each of the tubular inorganic membranes comprise a macroporous tubular substrate with an oxidative catalyst and a microporous layer disposed on a bore side of the macroporous tubular substrate, and wherein at least about 50% of the gas flows through the tubular inorganic membranes in a Knudsen flow regime; and oxidizing at least some of the gas phase contaminant with the oxidative catalyst layer, thereby reducing a concentration of the gas phase contaminant in the gas.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a catalyst, including, in one example: a carrier, a polymer electrolyte multilayer film formed on the carrier, and metal particles dispersed in the polymer electrolyte multilayer film. The catalyst can be easily prepared, and can be used to produce hydrogen peroxide in high yield in the presence of a reaction solvent including no acid promoter.

Abstract: A process for chemical stabilization of a uranium carbide compound having formula: UCx+yC with x?1 or 2 and y>0, x and y being true numbers, placed in a stabilization chamber, comprises: a rise in chamber internal temperature for “oxidation” of the compound based on uranium carbide between approximately 380° C. and 550° C., the chamber being fed with a neutral gas; isothermal oxidative treatment at the oxidation temperature, the chamber being placed under O2 partial pressure; controlling completion of stabilization of the compound, comprising monitoring the amount of molecular oxygen consumed and/or carbon dioxide or carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide given off, until achievement of an input set-point value for the amount of molecular oxygen, of a minimum threshold value for the amount of carbon dioxide or minimum threshold values for the carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide. A device implements the process.

Abstract: A method for destroying asbestos in mainly organic matrix asbestos-containing waste includes the steps of: preparing the asbestos-containing waste; preparing a supercritical aqueous phase; letting the asbestos and the primarily organic matrix of the asbestos-containing waste react with the aqueous phase for a time t in an appropriate reactor at a predetermined pressure P and temperature T to maintain the aqueous phase in supercritical condition; cooling and condensing the aqueous phase flowing out of the reactor; and separating the aqueous phase from any entrained solid products therein. The step of preparing the supercritical aqueous phase includes an additional step, in which an oxidizing compound is added in a predetermined concentration Cl, the pressure P is in a range from 25 to 27 MPa, and the temperature T is in a range from 600° C. to 650° C., causing the asbestos and the organic binder to be simultaneously destroyed.

Abstract: Methods and kits for decomposing organophosphorus compounds in non-aqueous media at ambient conditions are described. Insecticides, pesticides, and chemical warfare agents can be quickly decomposed to non-toxic products. The method comprises combining the organophosphorus compound with a non-aqueous solution, preferably an alcohol, comprising metal ions and at least a trace amount of alkoxide ions. In a first preferred embodiment, the metal ion is a lanthanum ion. In a second preferred embodiment, the metal ion is a transition metal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for hydrothermal oxidation of organic compounds, optionally with oxidizable inorganic compounds, contained in an aqueous effluent, wherein said aqueous effluent is injected within a tubular reactor wherein the effluent is brought to a supercritical pressure and wherein the temperature of the effluent is gradually increased from its initial temperature up to a supercritical temperature, without any intermediate decrease in temperature, by introducing within said tubular reactor a sufficient amount of oxidizing agent for totally oxidizing the organic compounds and optionally for at least partly oxidizing oxidizable inorganic compounds, the oxidizing agent being introduced in a fractionated way in several points increasingly located downstream, and wherein the composition and/or the concentration of the organic compounds and/or oxidizable organic compounds within the effluent to be treated varies over time, and, upstream from the tubular reactor wherein oxidation is car

Abstract: A method of operating a flare assembly is provided. If it is determined that the injection of primary steam into the combustion zone is necessary to achieve smokeless operation, primary steam is injected through a steam injector assembly into the combustion zone. If it is determined that steam is not necessary, an alternative gas is discharged though the steam injector assembly into the combustion zone. In one embodiment, the alternative gas is heated. In another embodiment, if it is determined that steam is necessary, a maximum allowable flow rate of steam is calculated, and the flow rate of steam is modulated to achieve smokeless operation and avoid a flow rate of steam in excess of the maximum allowable flow rate of steam. A flare assembly is also provided.

Abstract: In a method for processing used cathode material containing carbon, in particular used cathode troughs from aluminum production, the cathode material is put into a shaft furnace and, in order to gasify carbon, is subjected to a thermal treatment in the shaft furnace at a temperature above the ignition temperature of the carbon and above the evaporation temperature of toxic substances contained in the used cathode material. The reaction gases are conducted co-current with the carbon in a first longitudinal section of the shaft furnace and countercurrent to the carbon in a second longitudinal section of the shaft furnace. The reaction gases are drawn from a region of the shaft furnace having an enlarged cross-section between the longitudinal sections and are preferably subjected to an after-treatment.

Abstract: Certain exemplary embodiments can provide a system, machine, device, manufacture, circuit, composition, and/or user interface adapted for and/or resulting from, and/or a method and/or machine-readable medium comprising machine-implementable instructions for, activities that can comprise and/or relate to, in a treatment zone, reacting an oxygen-comprising gas, one or more selected ferric/ferrous chelates, one or more selected nitrates and/or nitrites, and/or anaerobic wastewater.

Abstract: A method for the combined chemical oxidation/assisted bioremediation of contaminated materials, comprising contacting a contaminated material with at least one metal chelate and at least one peroxide compound.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for removing contaminants from a gas stream is provided which includes (a) introducing the gas stream into a reaction chamber of a scrubber; (b) oxidizing first contaminants in a liquid phase with a reactive species in a sump of the scrubber for providing an oxidizing solution; (c) oxidizing second contaminants in a gas phase of the gas stream above the sump with excess reactive species disengaging from the oxidizing solution in the sump; (d) oxidizing and scrubbing third contaminants in a gas-liquid contact assembly disposed above the gas stream.

Abstract: Process for the destruction of toxic residues via oxidation in the presence of water and oxygen developed in homogenous phase at temperatures over 374° C. and pressure of at least 220 atmospheres and a continuous mobile unit easily transferred to treat effluents or contaminated media. This mobile unit is composed of a reactor, which includes pressurization, reaction, cooling, depressurization and sampling zones for the destruction of toxic residues like polychloride biphenyls (PCBs), pyridines, and other hazardous compounds.

Abstract: A method of degrading carbon nanomaterials includes mixing the carbon nanomaterials with a composition comprising a peroxide substrate and at least one catalyst selected from the group of an enzyme and an enzyme analog. The peroxide substrate undergoes a reaction in the presence of the catalyst to produce an agent interactive with the nanotubes to degrade the carbon nanomaterials. The peroxide substrate can, for example, be hydrogen peroxide or an organic peroxide.

Abstract: A flexible process for the preparation and conditioning of sedimentary materials. The degree of decontamination of these dredged materials is enhanced by the use of chemical indicators. Based upon the level of contamination contained within this material the process is used to isolate the specific contamination and utilize a variable process to decontaminate these compounds. Not all of the compounds contained within the dredged sediment is treated the same way. The process is designed to isolate the composite of materials and treat each particle with a different process based upon its classification. Post treatment, this material may be combined and dewatered for a suitable use.

Abstract: Certain exemplary embodiments provide methods for reducing a concentration of a contaminant associated with a medium, which can be any substance or material, such as soil, water, air, and/or fluid. In one exemplary method, the medium is treated with a ferric chelate and an oxidizing agent in amounts effective to oxidize at least a portion of the contaminant.

Abstract: Described are method of treating a radioactive organic waste stream comprising: (a) mixing a radioactive organic waste stream comprising organic compounds and radionuclides with phosphoric acid to form a reaction mixture; (b) heating the reaction mixture to a desired temperature in the presence of an oxidant to oxidize organic compounds present in the waste stream, and removing oxidized organic compounds from the reaction mixture; (c) optionally, adding a reducing agent to the reaction mixture to form insoluble radioactive metal phosphate compounds comprising one or more of the radionuclides, and separating the insoluble radioactive metal phosphate compounds from the reaction mixture; (d) optionally, adding a fluorine compound to the reaction mixture to react with uranium that may be present in the reaction mixture to form uranium hexafluoride, and removing uranium hexafluoride from the reaction mixture; (e) adding ammonia to the reaction mixture to neutralize phosphoric acid and to form ammonium phosphate

Abstract: Disclosed is a soapstock treatment apparatus which can treat a soapstock produced during a plant oil production process within a short period and with a high degree of efficiency. As shown in FIG. 1, the soapstock treatment apparatus includes a reactor 20 configured to oxidatively decompose a soapstock, an electric heating coil 23 configured to heat water in the reactor 20 at 650° C. which is not less than the critical temperature of water, a high-pressure pump 13 configured to pressurize the water in the reactor 20 at 17 Mpa which is less than the critical pressure of water, and a compressor 33 configured to pressurize the water in the reactor 20 at 17 Mpa which is less than the critical pressure of water. Also, an exhaust pipe 41 for discharging a reaction gas generated by the oxidative decomposition treatment and a waste pipe 51 for discharging a solid (inorganic) residue generated by the oxidative decomposition treatment are connected to the reactor 20.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for the detoxification of chemical agents including chemical warfare agents such as sulfur mustards, nitrogen mustards, nerve agents of G and V type, lewisite and adamsite by reacting the chemical agents with hydroxyl radicals at a pH greater than 7.0 to detoxify the agents and to render them suitable for disposal. The process can be used on-site and can be easily scaled to fairly large sizes.

Abstract: A method for in-situ reduction of contaminants in soil.

Abstract: The subject invention provides a potentially economically viable process for the destruction of small to large quantities of sulfur and nitrogen mustards and lewisite, their homologous/analogues, and similar chemical warfare agents at ambient conditions without producing any toxic by-products. The process uses the superoxide ion that is either electrochemically generated by the reduction of oxygen in deep eutectic solvents or chemically by dissolving Group 1 (alkali metals) or Group 2 (alkaline earth metals) superoxides, e.g. potassium superoxide, in deep eutectic solvents.

Abstract: The subject invention provides a potentially economically viable process for the destruction of small to large quantities of sulfur and nitrogen mustards and lewisite, their homologous/analogues, and similar chemical warfare agents at ambient conditions without producing any toxic by-products. The process uses the superoxide ion that is either electrochemically generated by the reduction of oxygen in ionic liquids or chemically by dissolving Group 1 (alkali metals) or Group 2 (alkaline earth metals) superoxides, e.g. potassium superoxide, in ionic liquids.